CN114868931A

CN114868931A - Shell remover for tassella seeds

Info

Publication number: CN114868931A
Application number: CN202210275844.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王艳梅; 马天晓; 闫创新
Original assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-03-21
Filing date: 2022-03-21
Publication date: 2022-08-09
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-21
Also published as: CN114868931B

Abstract

The invention relates to a tassel tree seed huller, which can hulle tassel tree seeds according to the shape and structure, and comprises a feeding bin, a sieve plate and a crushing mechanism, wherein a certain amount of seeds are fed into a shell by the feeding bin each time, the seeds with different sizes are sieved by the sieve plate and then fall into the crushing mechanism to be crushed and hulled, the crushing mechanism comprises a tray which is slidably connected to the shell, a supporting plate which is matched and supported and a squeezing plate which mutually squeeze and break the hulls are arranged on the tray, arc teeth which allow the seeds to vertically fall are arranged on the supporting plate and the squeezing plate, the squeezing and the hull breaking are carried out by the squeezing plate, the integrity of the broken hulls is ensured, the tassel tree seed huller also comprises a separating cylinder and a separating roller which is rotatably connected in the separating cylinder, a roller blade is irregularly fixed on the separating roller, the separating roller can thoroughly separate the shells from the kernels, and utilizes the up-down vibration of a vibrating plate to blow the air box, the shells and the seed kernels are screened, so that the oil can be pressed from the seed kernels conveniently, and the method is worthy of popularization.

Description

Shell remover for tassella seeds

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hullers, and particularly relates to a huller for tassella seeds.

Background

The tassels are crops with wide distribution and high value in China, the seeds of the tassels are rich in oil and can extract oil for industrial use, the seeds of the tassels are similar to the seeds of pine or apricot trees, the shells of the tassels are hard, and the existing shellers similar to the crops are numerous at present, but the existing shellers cannot specially shell the tassels, so that the shelling rate is not high, the damage rate of kernels is high, and the sheller suitable for shelling the tassels is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the fringe tree seed huller, and solves the problems that the existing huller cannot be well suitable for hulling fringe tree seeds, the hulling rate is not high, and the seed kernel damage rate is high.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention content part is as follows: the tassel seed huller comprises a shell and is characterized in that a feeding bin is mounted at the upper end of the shell, a sieve plate hinged to the shell is arranged below the feeding bin, two trays connected to the shell in a sliding mode are arranged below the sieve plate, the two trays are arranged at the same height of the shell in a left-right mode, crushing mechanisms for crushing seeds in different size ranges are arranged on the two trays respectively, a set of separating mechanism is arranged below each of the two trays and used for separating a crushed shell from the seeds, and a screening and collecting device for screening and collecting the shell and the seeds is arranged at the lower end of the shell.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention sets a mechanism to complete shelling work aiming at the special appearance of the tassel tree seeds, and the mechanism comprises a feeding bin, a sieve plate and a crushing mechanism, wherein the feeding bin is responsible for feeding a certain amount of seeds into a shell, the seeds with different sizes are sieved by the sieve plate and then fall into the crushing mechanism to be crushed and shelled;

2. the invention also comprises a separating mechanism which comprises a separating cylinder and a separating roller which is rotationally connected in the separating cylinder, wherein roller blades are irregularly fixed on the separating roller, so that a shell clamped on the seed kernels can be beaten to completely separate the shell from the seed kernels, and the shell and the seed kernels are separated by utilizing the vertical vibration on the vibrating plate under the blowing of the air box, thereby not only saving the time for separating the seed kernels from the shell by subsequent manual work, but also improving the seed shelling rate, and being worthy of popularization.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a partial structural view one of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a second partial structural view of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a view of a portion of the structure of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a structural view of a screen deck of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a first structural view of the crushing mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a second structural view of the crushing mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a third structural view of the crushing mechanism of the present invention.

Figure 10 is a structural view of the screening separation mechanism of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a housing; 2. a feeding bin; 3. a sieve plate; 4. a tray; 5. a through groove; 6. a top plate; 7. a first drive gear; 8. a first link; 9. a second drive gear; 10. a second link; 11. a third link; 12. a first spring; 13. a crushing tank; 14. a support plate; 15. a first arcuate tooth; 16. a pressing plate; 17. a second arcuate tooth; 18. a first rack; 19. a first intermediate gear; 20. a second rack; 21. a second intermediate gear; 22. a funnel; 23. a separation cylinder; 24. a separator roller; 25. a roller blade; 26. a connecting cylinder; 27. a tension spring; 28. a base; 29. a vibrating plate; 30. an air box; 31. a waste bin; 32. and (5) stirring the material leaves.

Detailed Description

The following description of the present invention will be made in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 10.

In the first embodiment, referring to fig. 1-10, a tassel tree seed huller includes a housing 1, a feeding bin 2 is installed at an upper end of the housing 1, and it is predetermined that tassel tree seeds enter the huller from the feeding bin 2, in order to increase hulling rate of the device, the feeding bin 2 in this embodiment needs to have a function of quantitative feeding, a material-pulling blade 32 driven by a motor is hinged in the feeding bin 2, the material-pulling blade 32 is driven by the motor to have a constant rotation speed, the motor driving the material-pulling blade 32 to rotate is connected to a controller used in cooperation, the time of driving is controlled by the controller, a sieve plate 3 hinged on the housing 1 is disposed below the feeding bin 2, the size of tassel tree seeds is predetermined, in order to avoid crushing the kernels during hulling, in this embodiment, tassel tree seeds are sieved by disposing the sieve plate 3, and it is predetermined that a connection position of the sieve plate 3 on the housing 1 is located at a lower right side of the feeding bin 2, satisfy the left side that can drop at sieve 3 earlier from the seed that feeding storehouse 2 fell, in this embodiment, the left side of sieve 3 articulates on casing 1, and sieve 3 is in the tilt state under no exogenic action under the action of gravity, can make the seed that falls on sieve 3 roll the landing, and the concrete screening mode of sieve 3 is: the sieve plate 3 is provided with a plurality of through grooves 5 which are arranged and distributed at intervals, the diameter of each through groove 5 is gradually reduced from left to right, the seeds falling on the sieve plate 3 can fall at different positions on the sieve plate 3 according to the size, the preset appearance of the tassel seeds is approximate to an ellipse, in order to avoid the seeds from being clamped in the through grooves 5, a top plate 6 which is vertically and slidably connected to the shell 1 is arranged below the sieve plate 3, the top plate 6 is driven by a driving device to vertically slide, the sieve plate 3 can be driven to move upwards together when the top plate 6 is ejected upwards, the sieve plate 3 also falls back downwards under the action of gravity when the top plate 6 returns downwards, so that the sieve plate 3 is subjected to a certain vibration action, the seeds are prevented from being clamped in the through grooves 5, the seeds can transversely roll on the sieve plate 3 to fall out of the through grooves 5, and two trays 4 which are transversely and slidably connected to the shell 1 are arranged below the sieve plate 3, the two trays 4 are arranged at the same height of the shell 1 from left to right, so that seeds falling from the sieve plate 3 can fall into the two trays 4 respectively, the size of the seeds on the tray 4 on the left side is smaller than that of the seeds on the tray 4 on the right side under the action of the through groove 5, and the two trays 4 are provided with crushing mechanisms for crushing the seeds with different size ranges respectively;

the crushing mechanism comprises a plurality of crushing grooves 13 which are arranged on a tray 4 at intervals, the crushing grooves 13 are preset, the side walls of the crushing grooves 13 are in an inclined arc shape, the width of each crushing groove 13 is longer than the maximum size which can be reached by tassels seeds, two supporting plates 14 which are connected to the tray 4 in a longitudinal sliding mode are arranged in each crushing groove 13, the preset placing direction of the supporting plates 14 is parallel to the placing direction of the crushing grooves 13, the two supporting plates 14 play a role in supporting the seeds falling into the crushing grooves 13, in the embodiment, the crushing mechanism needs to achieve accurate crushing and reduce damage of the seeds, if all the seeds are separated according to the length, the seeds on the same tray 4 have similar size and size according to the shape of the width of the middle of the tassels seeds and the shape of the approximate ellipse, and after the seeds are vertically arranged on the supporting plates 14, the integrity of the kernels can be well ensured by shelling, so in this embodiment, the two support plates 14 are provided with first arc-shaped teeth 15 which are matched for use, it is preset that the first arc-shaped teeth 15 on the two support plates 14 have the same overall dimension, but the two first arc-shaped teeth 15 are symmetrically arranged, so that after the two support plates 14 approach each other, the two first arc-shaped teeth 15 can be matched with each other to form a gap with a certain dimension, so that the vertical seeds can fall into and be clamped in the gap formed by the two first arc-shaped teeth 15, the two support plates 14 are respectively provided with a corresponding extrusion plate 16 above the two support plates 14, the two extrusion plates 16 are provided with second arc-shaped teeth 17 which are matched with each other for use, the preset size of the second arc-shaped teeth 17 is smaller than that of the first arc-shaped teeth 15, the arrangement mode of the two second arc-shaped teeth 17 is the same as that of the two first arc-shaped teeth 15, the position of each second arc-shaped tooth 17 corresponds to the position of the first arc-shaped tooth 15, so that when the two extrusion plates 16 are close to each other, the seed shells can be extruded and crushed through the two second arc-shaped teeth 17, and the seed kernels can not be extruded or excessively extruded at the same time, the sizes of the support plates 14 and the extrusion plates 16 connected to the two trays 4 are the same, but the sizes of the first arc-shaped teeth 15 and the second arc-shaped teeth 17 arranged on the support plates 14 and the extrusion plates 16 are different, and the sizes of the support plates 14 on the left tray 4 and the first arc-shaped teeth 15 and the second arc-shaped teeth 17 on the extrusion plates 16 are smaller than the sizes on the right tray 4, so that the shell breaking work of tassel seeds with different sizes can be met;

any one group of the supporting plates 14 complete transmission through a transmission mechanism consisting of a pair of first racks 18 and first intermediate gears 19, the two supporting plates 14 move in a synchronous opposite direction, that is, only the two supporting plates 14 can move away from or close to each other, so that the two supporting plates 14 can support and clamp vertical seeds when approaching each other, the supporting plates 14 of each group are connected in a synchronous transmission manner, that is, in the embodiment, hinge shafts of a plurality of first intermediate gears 19 are connected with each other through synchronous pulleys, so that after any one first intermediate gear 19 is driven to rotate, other first intermediate gears 19 also synchronously rotate together, a preset motor for driving the supporting plates 14 to move is controlled by a controller, and transmission between the two extrusion plates 16 in each group is completed through a transmission mechanism consisting of a pair of second racks 20 and second intermediate gears 21, the synchronous opposite movement between the two extrusion plates 16 in the same group is realized, the second intermediate gears 21 in each group are in synchronous transmission connection, the extrusion plates 16 in adjacent groups are in transmission connection through the second racks 20 and the second intermediate gears 21, the two extrusion plates 16 in different groups can be driven to perform the same action at the same time to complete extrusion or separation, and the two adjacent extrusion plates 16 are in transmission connection through the second racks 20 and the second intermediate gears 21, so that the stability of the device is ensured, and the extrusion plates 16 in each group can stably complete extrusion;

in this embodiment, the crushing mechanism is capable of crushing a large part of the seeds, and a part of the crushing mechanism falls below the gap formed by the two first arc-shaped teeth 15, so that the crushed seeds are not crushed by the pressing plate 16, so that a set of separating mechanism is disposed below each of the two trays 4 for separating the crushed shells from the seeds, the separating mechanism includes a hopper 22 disposed below the tray 4, the hopper 22 is configured to receive the preliminarily processed seeds falling from the supporting plate 14, a separating cylinder 23 is hinged to the lower end of the hopper 22, a separating roller 24 is rotatably connected to the separating cylinder 23, the separating roller 24 is driven to rotate by a motor fixed on the outer side wall of the separating cylinder 23, a plurality of roller vanes 25 are irregularly distributed on the separating roller 24, and the crushed seeds are rotated by the separating roller 24 after entering the separating cylinder 23, the seeds are knocked and shifted, so in the embodiment, the separating roller 24 is made of plastic materials, when the situation that the completely crushed shells are clamped on the seeds and are not separated from the seeds exists, the separating roller 24 can knock the shells, the shells are knocked down from the seeds through knocking, and the seeds are completely separated from the shells, in the embodiment, the primarily crushed seeds enter the separating cylinder 23 and are knocked and separated by the separating roller 24, the seeds and the shells need to be sieved finally, but in the process, the seeds and the shells need to be poured out of the separating cylinder, the other end of the separating cylinder 23 is connected with a connecting cylinder 26 in a sliding mode, a tension spring 27 is connected between the connecting cylinder 26 and the shell 1, and the upper end of the connecting cylinder 26 is connected with a driving mechanism connected to the shell 1 through a pull rope;

in this embodiment, a driving mechanism is provided for driving to complete a plurality of actions, including the up-and-down movement of the sieve plate 3, the transverse sliding of the tray 4 and the up-and-down swing of the separating cylinder 23, the driving mechanism includes a first connecting rod 8 connected to the housing 1 in a transverse sliding manner, the first connecting rod 8 is matched with a first driving gear 7 hinged to the housing 1, so that the first driving gear 7 drives the first connecting rod 8 to perform the transverse sliding, that is, the first driving gear 7 and the first connecting rod 8 form a crank connecting rod mechanism, the first connecting rod 8 serves as a connecting rod part, along with the rotation of the first driving gear 7, the first connecting rod 8 is driven by the first driving gear 7 to perform the transverse sliding on the housing 1, and it is preset that two ends of the first connecting rod 8 are respectively connected with two connecting cylinders 26 through pulling ropes, so that the connecting cylinders 26 have a downward swing tendency under the action of the tension spring 27, then, under the rotation of the first driving gear 7, the first connecting rod 8 will alternately pull the two connecting cylinders 26 to swing upwards, and under the action of the tension spring 27, the separating cylinder 23 will swing up and down around its hinge shaft hinged on the housing 1, the second driving gear 9 hinged on the housing 1 is engaged and matched above the first driving gear 7, the second connecting rod 10 connected on the housing 1 in a transverse sliding manner is arranged above the second driving gear 9, the second connecting rod 10 and the second driving gear 9 are matched to meet the requirement that the second driving gear 9 drives the second connecting rod 10 to slide transversely, i.e. the second driving gear 9 and the second connecting rod 10 also form a crank-link mechanism, the two ends of the second connecting rod 10 are respectively connected with the two trays 4 through a pull rope, and a preset first spring 12 is arranged between the two trays 4 and the housing 1 to meet the requirement that under the action of the first spring 12, the two trays 4 have the tendency of moving towards the direction far away from the first driving gear 7, along with the rotation of the first driving gear 7, the second connecting rod 10 alternately pulls the two trays 4 to move towards the direction close to the first driving gear 7, so that the two trays 4 can continuously shake left and right when the second driving gear 9 rotates, in the embodiment, through the continuous left and right shaking of the two trays 4, the tassel seeds falling on the two trays 4 can be fully shaken, so that the tassel seeds can completely and vertically fall into the gap formed by the first arc-shaped teeth 15, and the function of crushing the shell is realized, the second driving gear 9 is matched with the third connecting rod 11 vertically and fixedly connected on the top plate 6 to drive the third connecting rod 11 to vertically slide, the preset top plate 11 is vertically and slidably connected on the shell body 1, when the second driving gear 9 rotates, through the sliding fit relation with the third connecting rod 11, the top plate 6 is driven to vertically slide up and down, so that the purpose of driving the sieve plate 3 to vibrate by using the top plate 6 is achieved, in the embodiment, the size of the first driving gear 7 is selected to be larger than that of the second driving gear 9, and therefore the frequency of shaking of the tray 4 can be ensured to be larger than that of shaking of the separating cylinder 23;

the screening and collecting device for screening and collecting the shell and the seeds is arranged at the lower end of the shell 1, the screening and collecting device comprises a base 28 fixedly connected to the lower end of the shell 1, a vibrating plate 29 is vertically and slidably connected in the base 28, the vibrating plate 29 is driven by a set of crank link mechanism to move up and down, the seed and the shell poured out of the separating cylinder 23 are preset to fall onto the vibrating plate 29 of the base 28, a plurality of inclined planes are arranged on the upper surface of the vibrating plate 29, so that the force of moving in a certain direction can be applied to the object on the upper surface of the vibrating plate 29 when the vibrating plate 29 moves up and down, the seed and the crushed shell 1 can slowly move on the vibrating plate 29, bellows 30 fixedly connected to the shell 1 are arranged at the side edge of the vibrating plate 29, the bellows 30 is communicated with the base 28, a waste bin 31 fixedly connected to the shell 1 is communicated with the side edge of the base 28, after the vibrating plate 29 reaches the uppermost motion extreme position, the seed and the crushed shell 1 are influenced by wind blown out from the air box 30, the mass of the crushed shell is much lighter than that of the seed, the distance of the crushed shell moving to the waste box 31 under the influence of the wind blowing is larger than that of the seed moving to the waste box 31, so that the light crushed shell is blown into the waste box 31 by controlling the length of the vibrating plate 29 or the size of the wind blown out from the air box 30, the heavy seed can walk the length of the vibrating plate 29 and fall into a collecting bag at the end of the vibrating plate 29, and the separation work of the crushed shell and the seed is completed.

When the invention is used, the function of separating sundries such as branches, stones and the like is not provided, so that seeds need to be cleaned in advance, then the seeds can be driven to enter the shell 1 only when the material stirring blade 32 set by the invention rotates, therefore, when the seeds are communicated with the feed bin port 2, the quantitative seeds are fed into the shell 1 by setting the rotation time of the material stirring blade 32 in advance, then the controller stops the rotation of the material stirring blade 32, meanwhile, when the material stirring blade 32 is firstly started to rotate, the controller also drives the first driving gear 7 to rotate, the rotation of the first driving gear 7 drives the sieve plate 3 to rock, the seeds are rocked from the sieve plate 3 completely, meanwhile, the classified seeds falling out of the sieve plate 3 fall on the tray 4, when in an initial state, each group of supporting plates 14 on the tray 4 are in a close state, and each group of extrusion plates 16 are in a separate state, after the tray 4 is set to shake for a certain time, each group of the extrusion plates 16 are driven to approach each other to finish the extrusion and shell breaking work, then the extrusion plates 16 return to the initial state, the controller drives the support plates 14 of each group to separate from each other to drop seeds from the tray 4, the seeds and the broken shells enter the separation cylinder 23 through the hopper 22, meanwhile, when the controller controls the support plates 14 to separate, the material stirring blades 32 are driven to rotate again, then the support plates 14 return to the initial state to perform reciprocating feeding in a feeding period, similarly, when the material stirring blades 32 are started to rotate for the first time, the motor of the separation roller 24, the air box 30 and the crank link mechanism connected with the vibration plate 29 to maintain the motion are also driven together, namely, a single control circuit of the material stirring blades 32, a control circuit of the power elements of other mechanisms are in the separation cylinder 23, the hulls will be thoroughly separated from the kernels and then fall into the base 28 for screening of the kernels from the hulls.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The tassel tree seed huller comprises a shell (1) and is characterized in that a feeding bin (2) is mounted at the upper end of the shell (1), a sieve plate (3) hinged to the shell (1) is arranged below the feeding bin (2), two trays (4) connected to the shell (1) in a transverse sliding mode are arranged below the sieve plate (3), the two trays (4) are arranged at the same height of the shell (1) from left to right, crushing mechanisms for crushing seeds in different size ranges are arranged on the two trays (4), a set of separating mechanism is arranged below each tray (4) and used for separating the crushed shell from the seed, and a screening and collecting device for screening and collecting the shell and the seed is arranged at the lower end of the shell (1).

2. The shelling machine for tassel seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sieve plate (3) is provided with a plurality of through slots (5) which are arranged at intervals, the diameter of each through slot (5) is gradually reduced from left to right, a top plate (6) which is vertically slidably connected to the shell (1) is arranged below the sieve plate (3), and the top plate (6) is driven by the driving device to slide vertically.

3. A decorticator for chionanthus retusus seeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a first connecting rod (8) connected to the housing (1) in a lateral sliding manner, the first connecting rod (8) is engaged with a first driving gear (7) hinged to the housing (1) such that the first driving gear (7) drives the first connecting rod (8) to slide laterally, a second driving gear (9) hinged to the housing (1) is engaged and engaged above the first driving gear (7), a second connecting rod (10) connected to the housing (1) in a lateral sliding manner is disposed above the second driving gear (9), the second connecting rod (10) is engaged with the second driving gear (9) such that the second driving gear (9) drives the second connecting rod (10) to slide laterally, and the second connecting rod is engaged with a third connecting rod (11) vertically and fixedly connected to the top plate (6), the third connecting rod (11) is driven to slide vertically.

4. The decorticator for tassel seeds of claim 3, wherein the two trays (4) are connected to both ends of the second connecting rod (10) by a pull string, and a first spring (12) is interposed between the two trays (4) and the housing (1).

5. The shelling machine for tassel seeds as claimed in claim 4, wherein the crushing mechanism comprises a plurality of crushing grooves (13) spaced apart from each other on the tray (4), each crushing groove (13) is provided with two support plates (14) longitudinally slidably connected to the tray (4), the two support plates (14) are provided with first arc-shaped teeth (15) for cooperation, the two support plates (14) are respectively provided with a corresponding pressing plate (16) above, and the two pressing plates (16) are provided with second arc-shaped teeth (17) for cooperation.

6. The decorticator for tassel seeds of claim 5, wherein the transmission between any one set of the supporting plates (14) is achieved through a transmission mechanism consisting of a pair of first racks (18) and a first intermediate gear (19), the two supporting plates (14) move in a manner of synchronous opposite movement, the supporting plates (14) of each set are in synchronous transmission connection, and the two pressing plates (16) of each set are achieved through a transmission mechanism consisting of a pair of second racks (20) and a second intermediate gear (21), so that the two pressing plates of the same set move synchronously opposite.

7. A huller for chionanthus retusus seeds as claimed in claim 3, wherein the separating means comprises a hopper (22) placed under the tray (4), the lower end of the funnel (22) is hinged with a separating cylinder (23), a separating roller (24) is rotationally connected in the separating cylinder (23), the separation roller (24) is driven to rotate by a motor fixed on the outer side wall of the separation cylinder (23), a plurality of roller blades (25) are irregularly distributed and installed on the separation roller (24), the other end of the separation cylinder (23) is connected with a connecting cylinder (26) in a sliding way, be connected with extension spring (27) between connecting cylinder (26) and casing (1), connecting cylinder (26) upper end is connected through stay cord and horizontal sliding connection first connecting rod (8) on casing (1), will alternate when satisfying first connecting rod (8) and carry out the horizontal slip and stimulate two connecting cylinders (26) upward movement.

8. The shelling machine for tassel seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sieving and collecting device comprises a base (28) fixedly connected to the lower end of the casing (1), a vibrating plate (29) is vertically and slidably connected to the base (28), the vibrating plate (29) is driven by a set of crank-link mechanism to move up and down, a bellows (30) fixedly connected to the casing (1) is disposed at the side of the vibrating plate (29), the bellows (30) is communicated with the base (28), and a waste bin (31) fixedly connected to the casing (1) is communicated with the side of the base (28).

9. The huller for chionanthus retusus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding bin (2) is hinged with a material-shifting blade (32), and the material-shifting blade (32) is driven by a motor to rotate.