CN114868931B

CN114868931B - Tassel seed sheller

Info

Publication number: CN114868931B
Application number: CN202210275844.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王艳梅; 马天晓; 闫创新
Original assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Henan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-03-21
Filing date: 2022-03-21
Publication date: 2023-06-20
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-21
Also published as: CN114868931A

Abstract

The invention relates to a tassel seed sheller, which can shell the outline structure of tassel seeds, and comprises a feeding bin, a sieve plate and a crushing mechanism, wherein a certain amount of seeds are fed into a shell by the feeding bin each time, the seeds with different sizes are screened by the sieve plate and fall into the crushing mechanism to be crushed and shelled, the crushing mechanism comprises a tray which is connected to the shell in a sliding way, a supporting plate which is matched with the supporting plate and a squeezing plate which mutually squeezes and crushes the shells are arranged on the tray, arc-shaped teeth which allow the seeds to fall vertically are arranged on the supporting plate and the squeezing plate, and the squeezing and crushing are carried out by the squeezing plate, so that the integrity of the seeds after the shells are crushed is ensured, and the tassel shell and the seeds are thoroughly separated by the irregular fixed roller leaves on the separating roller.

Description

Tassel seed sheller

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hulling machines, and particularly relates to a tassel seed huller.

Background

The tassel is a crop with wider distribution and higher value in China, the seeds of the tassel are rich in oil and can be used for industry, the seeds of the tassel are similar to the seeds of pine nuts or apricot trees, the shells of the tassel are harder, the existing shellers similar to the crops are quite a lot, but the shellers cannot specially dehulling Su Shu seeds, the shelling rate is not high, the damage rate of kernels is higher, and a sheller suitable for shelling the tassel seeds is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a tassel tree seed sheller, which solves the problems that the existing sheller cannot be well suitable for shelling the tassel tree seeds, the shelling rate is low and the kernel damage rate is high.

The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

part of the invention: the tassel seed sheller comprises a shell, and is characterized in that a feeding bin is arranged at the upper end of the shell, a sieve plate hinged on the shell is arranged below the feeding bin, two trays which are connected to the shell in a sliding manner are arranged below the sieve plate, the two trays are arranged at the same height of the shell left and right, a crushing mechanism for crushing seeds in different size ranges is respectively arranged on the two trays, a set of separating mechanism is arranged below each tray for separating crushed shells from the seeds, and a screening and collecting device for screening and collecting the shells and the seeds is arranged at the lower end of the shell;

the sieve plate is provided with a plurality of through grooves which are distributed at intervals, the diameters of the through grooves are gradually reduced from left to right, a top plate which is vertically and slidably connected to the shell is arranged below the sieve plate, and the top plate is driven by the driving mechanism to vertically slide;

the driving mechanism comprises a first connecting rod which is transversely connected with the shell in a sliding mode, the first connecting rod is matched with a first driving gear hinged to the shell, the first connecting rod is driven to transversely slide when the first driving gear rotates, a second driving gear hinged to the shell is meshed and matched with the upper portion of the first driving gear, a second connecting rod which is transversely connected with the shell in a sliding mode is arranged above the second driving gear, the second connecting rod and the second driving gear are matched with each other to enable the second driving gear to drive the second connecting rod to transversely slide, and the second driving gear and a third connecting rod which is vertically fixedly connected with the top plate are matched to drive the third connecting rod to vertically slide.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention is aimed at the special appearance setting mechanism of the tassel seeds to finish the shelling work, including feeding bin, screen plate and crushing mechanism, the feeding bin is responsible for sending a certain amount of seeds into the shell, after screening the seeds with different sizes through the screen plate, fall into the crushing mechanism to crush and shelle, the crushing mechanism includes the tray slidably connected to shell, there are supporting plates and extrusion plates that mutually extrude and shell-break that cooperate to support on the tray, there are arc teeth allowing the seeds to fall vertically on the supporting plates and extrusion plates, and utilize the extrusion plates to break the shell, have guaranteed the integrity of the seed kernel after breaking the shell;

2. the invention also comprises a separating mechanism which comprises a separating cylinder and a separating roller rotatably connected in the separating cylinder, wherein a roller blade is irregularly fixed on the separating roller, so that the shell clamped on the seed kernel can be beaten, the shell and the seed kernel are thoroughly separated, the shell and the seed kernel are separated by utilizing the up-and-down vibration on a vibrating plate under the blowing of a bellows, the time for manually separating the seed kernel and the shell can be saved, the seed shelling rate is improved, and the seed shelling mechanism is worthy of popularization.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a partial structural view one of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partial structural view II of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a partial structural view three of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a view of the structure of the screen deck of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a view of the structure of the crushing mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a second structural view of the crushing mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a third structural view of the crushing mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a structural view of the screening separation mechanism of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a shell; 2. a feeding bin; 3. a sieve plate; 4. a tray; 5. a through groove; 6. a top plate; 7. a first drive gear; 8. a first link; 9. a second drive gear; 10. a second link; 11. a third link; 12. a first spring; 13. a crushing tank; 14. a support plate; 15. a first arcuate tooth; 16. an extrusion plate; 17. a second arcuate tooth; 18. a first rack; 19. a first intermediate gear; 20. a second rack; 21. a second intermediate gear; 22. a funnel; 23. a separation cylinder; 24. a separation roller; 25. a roll leaf; 26. a connecting cylinder; 27. a tension spring; 28. a base; 29. a vibration plate; 30. a wind box; 31. a waste bin; 32. and (5) stirring the material leaves.

Description of the embodiments

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to FIGS. 1-10.

According to the embodiment, with reference to fig. 1-10, the tassel seed sheller comprises a shell 1, a feeding bin 2 is arranged at the upper end of the shell 1, preset, tassel seeds enter a sheller body from the feeding bin 2, the feeding bin 2 in the embodiment needs to have a quantitative blanking function in order to improve the shelling rate of the device, a stirring blade 32 driven to rotate by a motor is hinged in the feeding bin 2, the stirring blade 32 has a constant rotating speed under the driving of the motor, the motor for driving the stirring blade 32 to rotate is connected with a matched controller, the driving time is controlled by the controller, a sieve plate 3 hinged on the shell 1 is arranged below the feeding bin 2, the preset, the sizes of the tassel seeds are different, in order to avoid crushing the seeds during shelling, in the embodiment, the sieve plate 3 is arranged at the right lower part of the feeding bin 2, the preset position of the feeding bin 2, the seeds falling from the bin 2 can fall on the left side of the sieve plate 3 first, the sieve plate 3 can fall under the action of the external force, the sieve plate 3 can fall on the sieve plate 3 in a specific sieve plate 3 in a tilting mode under the action of the shell 3, and the sieve plate 3 is in a rolling condition, and the sieve plate 3 is in a specific falling condition is not in a tilting mode: the utility model discloses a seed crushing mechanism, including a plurality of through grooves 5, a plurality of vertical sliding connection is arranged on a shell 1, a plurality of through grooves 5 are arranged on a screen plate 3, the through grooves 5 are gradually reduced in diameter from left to right, the seeds falling on the screen plate 3 can fall back under the action of gravity according to the size, the preset tassel seed appearance is approximate ellipse, in order to avoid the seeds to be blocked in the through grooves 5, a top plate 6 vertically sliding connection is arranged below the screen plate 3, the top plate 6 is driven by a driving device, the top plate 6 can vertically slide, when the top plate 6 is ejected upwards, the screen plate 3 is driven to be upwards together, the top plate 6 returns downwards under the action of gravity when the top plate 6 returns downwards, thereby the screen plate 3 is subjected to certain vibration action, the seeds are prevented from being blocked in the through grooves 5, the seeds can transversely roll on the screen plate 3, so that the seeds fall out of the through grooves 5, two trays 4 which are transversely sliding connected on the shell 1 are arranged below the screen plate 3, one left and right of the shell 1 are arranged at the same height, the two trays 4 fall into the same size, and the two trays 4 are respectively positioned on the two size sides of the two trays 4 are different from the size;

the crushing mechanism comprises a plurality of crushing grooves 13 which are arranged on the tray 4 at intervals, the side walls of the crushing grooves 13 are inclined arc shapes, the width of the crushing grooves 13 is longer than the maximum size of the tassel seeds, two supporting plates 14 which are longitudinally and slidably connected on the tray 4 are arranged in each crushing groove 13, the placement direction of each supporting plate 14 is preset to be parallel to the placement direction of the crushing groove 13, the two supporting plates 14 play a role of supporting the seeds falling into the crushing grooves 13, in the embodiment, the crushing mechanism needs to achieve accurate crushing and reduce the damage of the seeds, and when the middle of the tassel seeds are wide, the seeds are in an approximately elliptic shape, if all the seeds are separated according to the length, the seeds on the same tray 4 have the approximate size, after the seeds are vertically arranged on the supporting plates 14, the integrity of the seeds can be well ensured by unshelling, so in the embodiment, the two supporting plates 14 are provided with first arc teeth 15 which are matched with each other for use, the preset first arc teeth 15 on the two supporting plates 14 are completely identical in overall dimension, but the two first arc teeth 15 are symmetrically arranged, the condition that after the two supporting plates 14 are mutually close to each other, the two first arc teeth 15 can be mutually matched to form a gap with a certain dimension is met, the condition that the vertical seeds fall into and are clamped in the gap formed by the two first arc teeth 15 is met, the two supporting plates 14 are respectively provided with a squeezing plate 16 which is correspondingly arranged, the two squeezing plates 16 are provided with second arc teeth 17 which are mutually matched for use, the preset second arc teeth 17 are smaller than the first arc teeth 15 in dimension, the two second arc teeth 17 are arranged in the same manner as the two first arc teeth 15, the position of each second arc tooth 17 corresponds to the position of the first arc tooth 15, when two extrusion plates 16 are close to each other, extrusion crushing of a seed shell can be completed through the two second arc teeth 17, meanwhile, seeds can not be extruded or excessively extruded, the sizes between a supporting plate 14 and an extrusion plate 16 connected to the two trays 4 are preset, the sizes of the first arc teeth 15 and the second arc teeth 17 arranged on the supporting plate 14 and the extrusion plate 16 are different, and the sizes of the first arc teeth 15 and the second arc teeth 17 on the supporting plate 14 and the extrusion plate 16 on the left tray 4 are smaller than the sizes on the right tray 4, so that the shell breaking of the fimbriae with different sizes can be satisfied;

any one group of the supporting plates 14 is driven by a transmission mechanism formed by a pair of first racks 18 and first intermediate gears 19, the two supporting plates 14 move in a synchronous opposite direction, namely, the two supporting plates 14 can only move far away from each other or move close to each other, so that vertical seeds are supported and clamped when the two supporting plates 14 move close to each other, each group of the supporting plates 14 are synchronously driven and connected, namely, in the embodiment of the device, the hinge shafts of a plurality of the first intermediate gears 19 are mutually connected through synchronous pulleys, so that after any one first intermediate gear 19 is driven to rotate, other first intermediate gears 19 synchronously rotate together, a preset motor for driving the supporting plates 14 to move is controlled by a controller, the two extrusion plates 16 in each group are driven by a transmission mechanism consisting of a pair of second racks 20 and second intermediate gears 21, namely, the two extrusion plates 16 in the same group are synchronously and oppositely moved like the movement between the two support plates 14 in each group, the second intermediate gears 21 in each group are synchronously driven and connected, the extrusion plates 16 in the adjacent group are also driven and connected by the second racks 20 and the second intermediate gears 21, the two extrusion plates 16 in different groups can be simultaneously driven to perform the same action to complete extrusion or separation, and the two adjacent extrusion plates 16 are also driven and connected by the second racks 20 and the second intermediate gears 21, so that the stability of the device is ensured, and the extrusion work of each group of extrusion plates 16 can be stably completed;

in this embodiment, the breaking mechanism can break a large part of shells of seeds, and a part of shells falls below a gap formed by two first arc teeth 15, so that the shells are not extruded by the extrusion plate 16 to break, so that a set of separating mechanisms are respectively arranged below the two trays 4 and used for separating the broken shells from the seeds, the separating mechanisms comprise a funnel 22 arranged below the trays 4, the funnel 22 is used for receiving the seeds which are subjected to preliminary treatment and fall from the supporting plate 14, the lower end of the funnel 22 is hinged with a separating drum 23, the separating drum 23 is rotationally connected with a separating roller 24 in a rotating manner, the separating roller 24 is driven to rotate by a motor fixed on the outer side wall of the separating drum 23, a plurality of roller blades 25 are irregularly arranged on the separating roller 24, and preset, after the broken seeds enter the separating drum 23, the separating roller 24 rotates and can strike and stir the seeds, so that in this embodiment, the separating roller 24 is made of plastic materials, the separating roller 24 is used for receiving the seeds which are subjected to preliminary treatment and fall down from the supporting plate 14, the separating roller 24 is connected with the shell 26, and the separating roller is connected with the separating drum 1, and the separating drum is connected with the separating drum 1, and finally the separating roller 24 is connected with the separating drum 1 by a beating drum, and the separating roller is connected with the separating drum 24, and the separating drum is connected with the shell through the separating drum 1;

in this embodiment, a driving mechanism is provided for driving to complete a plurality of actions, including up-and-down movement of the screen plate 3, the transverse sliding of the tray 4 and up-and-down swinging of the separating drum 23, the driving mechanism includes a first connecting rod 8 connected to the housing 1 in a transverse sliding manner, the first connecting rod 8 cooperates with a first driving gear 7 hinged to the housing 1, so that the first driving gear 7 drives the first connecting rod 8 to slide transversely, that is, the first driving gear 7 and the first connecting rod 8 form a crank connecting rod mechanism, the first connecting rod 8 serves as a connecting rod part, along with rotation of the first driving gear 7, the first connecting rod 8 is driven by the first driving gear 7 to slide transversely on the housing 1, and the two ends of the first connecting rod 8 are respectively connected with two connecting drums 26 through pull ropes, so that the connecting drums 26 have a downward swinging trend, then under the rotation of the first driving gear 7, the first connecting rod 8 alternately pulls the two connecting drums 26 to swing upwards, and under the action of the pull ropes 27, and the second connecting rod 7 also swings around the hinge shaft of the first driving gear 23, and the second connecting rod 7 cooperates with the second connecting rod 9, that is connected to the second connecting rod 9, that is meshed with the second connecting rod 9, that is connected to the second connecting rod 9, and the second connecting rod 9 is slidably arranged on the housing 1, and the second connecting rod 9, and the second connecting rod is meshed with the second connecting rod 9, and the first connecting rod is meshed with the second connecting rod 9, the fact that under the action of the first springs 12, the two trays 4 have a trend of moving in a direction far away from the first driving gear 7 is met, along with the rotation of the first driving gear 7, the second connecting rod 10 alternately pulls the two trays 4 to move in a direction close to the first driving gear 7, so that the two trays 4 continuously shake left and right when the second driving gear 9 rotates, in the embodiment, through the continuous left and right shaking of the two trays 4, fringe seeds falling on the two trays 4 sufficiently shake, so that fringe seeds can fall into gaps formed by the first arc-shaped teeth 15 in all vertical directions, the function of crushing a shell is achieved, the second driving gear 9 is matched with the third connecting rod 11 vertically fixedly connected to the top plate 6, the third connecting rod 11 is driven to vertically slide, the top plate 11 is preset to be vertically connected to the shell 1, when the second driving gear 9 rotates, the top plate 6 is driven to vertically slide up and down through the sliding fit relation with the third connecting rod 11, and accordingly the purpose that the top plate 6 drives the sieve plate 3 to shake in the first driving gear 7 is achieved, and the size of the vibration drum can be separated from the first driving gear 7 is guaranteed, and the size of the vibration drum can be large, and the size of the vibration drum can be separated from the second driving gear 7 is guaranteed, and the size of the vibration drum can be large, and the vibration drum can be driven in the size is easy, and the vibration can be separated;

the lower end of the shell 1 is provided with a screening and collecting device for screening and collecting shells and seeds, the screening and collecting device comprises a base 28 fixedly connected to the lower end of the shell 1, a vibrating plate 29 is vertically and slidably connected in the base 28, the vibrating plate 29 is driven by a set of crank connecting rod mechanisms to move up and down, seeds and shells poured out of the separating cylinder 23 are preset to fall onto the vibrating plate 29 of the base 28, the upper surface of the vibrating plate 29 is provided with a plurality of inclined planes in an arrangement manner, the force which moves towards a certain direction can be applied to objects on the upper surface of the vibrating plate 29 when the vibrating plate 29 moves up and down, so that the seeds and broken shells 1 can slowly move on the vibrating plate 29, the side edge of the vibrating plate 29 is provided with a bellows 30 fixedly connected to the shell 1, the bellows 30 is communicated with the base 28, the waste bin 31 fixedly connected to the shell 1 is communicated with the side edge of the base 28, the effect that seeds and broken shells 1 are influenced by wind blown out of the bellows 30 after the vibration plate 29 reaches the uppermost movement limit position is met, the mass of the broken shells is much lighter than that of the seeds, the distance to the waste bin 31 is greater than that to the waste bin 31 under the influence of wind blowing, accordingly, the broken shells with light mass can be blown into the waste bin 31 by controlling the length of the vibration plate 29 or the wind force blown out of the bellows 30, the seeds with heavy mass can travel the length of the vibration plate 29 and fall into a collecting bag at the end of the vibration plate 29, and the separation work of the broken shells and the seeds is completed.

When the invention is used, the function of separating sundries such as branches, stones and the like is not needed, so that seeds need to be cleaned in advance, then the seeds can be driven into the shell 1 when the stirring blade 32 set by the invention rotates, so that when the seeds are communicated with the feeding bin opening 2, quantitative seeds are fed into the shell 1 by setting the rotation time of the stirring blade 32 in advance, then the controller stops the rotation of the stirring blade 32, simultaneously when the stirring blade 32 is started to rotate in the first mode, the controller also drives the first driving gear 7 to rotate, the rotation of the first driving gear 7 drives the sieve plate 3 to shake, the seeds are thoroughly shaken off the sieve plate 3, simultaneously, the classified seeds falling out of the sieve plate 3 fall on the tray 4, each group of supporting plates 14 on the tray 4 are in a close state, each group of extruding plates 16 are in a separated state in the initial state, after the tray 4 is set to shake for a certain time, each group of squeeze plates 16 are driven to approach each other to complete the squeezing and shell breaking work, then the squeeze plates 16 return to the initial state, the controller drives each group of support plates 14 to separate from each other to drop seeds from the tray 4, the seeds and broken shells enter the separating cylinder 23 through the hopper 22, meanwhile, when the controller controls the support plates 14 to separate, the stirring blades 32 are driven to rotate again, then the support plates 14 return to the initial state, so that the reciprocating feeding is carried out for one feeding period, and likewise, when the stirring blades 32 are started to rotate for the first time, the separating roller 24, the air box 30 and a motor connected with a crank-link mechanism for maintaining the movement of the vibrating plate 29 are driven together, namely, the stirring blades 32 are driven by a single control circuit, a power element of other mechanisms is driven by a control circuit, and in the separating cylinder 23, the hulls will be thoroughly separated from the kernels and then fall into the base 28 for kernel to hull sifting.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The tassel seed sheller comprises a shell (1), and is characterized in that a feeding bin (2) is arranged at the upper end of the shell (1), a sieve plate (3) hinged on the shell (1) is arranged below the feeding bin (2), two trays (4) which are transversely and slidably connected to the shell (1) are arranged below the sieve plate (3), the two trays (4) are left and right arranged at the same height of the shell (1), crushing mechanisms for crushing seeds in different size ranges are respectively arranged on the two trays (4), a set of separating mechanism for separating crushed shells from the seeds is arranged below the two trays (4), and a screening and collecting device for screening and collecting the shells and the seeds is arranged at the lower end of the shell (1);

a plurality of through grooves (5) which are distributed at intervals are formed in the screen plate (3), the diameters of the through grooves (5) are gradually reduced from left to right, a top plate (6) which is vertically and slidingly connected to the shell (1) is arranged below the screen plate (3), and the top plate (6) is driven by a driving mechanism to vertically slide;

the driving mechanism comprises a first connecting rod (8) which is transversely connected to the shell (1) in a sliding mode, the first connecting rod (8) is matched with a first driving gear (7) hinged to the shell (1), the first connecting rod (8) is driven to transversely slide when the first driving gear (7) rotates, a second driving gear (9) hinged to the shell (1) is meshed and matched above the first driving gear (7), a second connecting rod (10) which is transversely connected to the shell (1) in a sliding mode is arranged above the second driving gear (9), the second connecting rod (10) and the second driving gear (9) are matched to enable the second driving gear (9) to drive the second connecting rod (10) to transversely slide, and the second driving gear (9) is matched with a third connecting rod (11) which is vertically fixedly connected to the top plate (6) to drive the third connecting rod (11) to vertically slide; the two trays (4) are respectively connected with two ends of the second connecting rod (10) through pull ropes, and a first spring (12) is arranged between the two trays (4) and the shell (1);

the crushing mechanism comprises a plurality of crushing grooves (13) which are formed in the tray (4) at intervals, two supporting plates (14) which are longitudinally and slidably connected to the tray (4) are arranged in each crushing groove (13), first arc-shaped teeth (15) which are matched with each other are formed in the two supporting plates (14), extrusion plates (16) which are correspondingly arranged are respectively arranged above the two supporting plates (14), and second arc-shaped teeth (17) which are matched with each other are formed in the two extrusion plates (16);

the separating mechanism comprises a funnel (22) arranged below the tray (4), a separating cylinder (23) is hinged to the lower end of the funnel (22), a separating roller (24) is rotationally connected to the separating cylinder (23), the separating roller (24) is driven to rotate by a motor fixed on the outer side wall of the separating cylinder (23), a plurality of roller blades (25) are irregularly arranged on the separating roller (24), a connecting cylinder (26) is slidingly connected to the other end of the separating cylinder (23), a tension spring (27) is connected between the connecting cylinder (26) and the shell (1), and the upper end of the connecting cylinder (26) is connected with a first connecting rod (8) which is transversely slidingly connected to the shell (1) through a pull rope, so that the two connecting cylinders (26) are alternately pulled to move upwards when the first connecting rod (8) slides leftwards and rightwards;

the screening and collecting device comprises a base (28) fixedly connected to the lower end of the shell (1), a vibrating plate (29) is vertically connected to the base (28) in a sliding mode, the vibrating plate (29) is driven by a set of crank connecting rod mechanism to move up and down, a bellows (30) fixedly connected to the shell (1) is arranged on the side edge of the vibrating plate (29), the bellows (30) is communicated with the base (28), and a waste bin (31) fixedly connected to the shell (1) is communicated with the side edge of the base (28).

2. The tassel seed sheller according to claim 1, wherein any one of the supporting plates (14) is driven by a driving mechanism comprising a pair of first racks (18) and a first intermediate gear (19), the two supporting plates (14) move in a synchronous opposite direction, each group of the supporting plates (14) are connected in a synchronous driving manner, and the two extruding plates (16) in each group are driven by a driving mechanism comprising a pair of second racks (20) and a second intermediate gear (21), so that the two crushing plates in the same group can synchronously move in opposite directions.

3. The tassel seed sheller according to claim 1, wherein a stirring blade (32) is hinged in the feeding bin (2), and the stirring blade (32) is driven to rotate by a motor.