CN114813977B - 利用气味指纹图谱对稻谷中玉米象进行无损检测的方法 - Google Patents
利用气味指纹图谱对稻谷中玉米象进行无损检测的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用气味指纹图谱对稻谷中玉米象进行无损检测的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(1)称取一定量经过去杂处理的稻谷,置于放有玉米象的顶空样品瓶中,室温(25±2℃)条件下平衡24h。(2)采用顶空自动进样方式,进行GC‑IMS指纹图谱采集。(3)结合LAV(laboratory analytical viewer)以及GC×IMS Library Search分析软件进行数据统计与特征提取。处理后的数据采用伪彩色处理后进行可视化,并结合内置IMS数据库对目标峰进行定性分析。本发明利用GC‑IMS对稻谷中的挥发性物质进行检测和定性。研究结果表明,可以通过GC‑IMS技术,快速分析识别有玉米象的稻谷和没有玉米象的稻谷。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品检测领域,具体涉及一种利用气味指纹图谱对稻谷中玉米象进行无损检测的方法。
背景技术
目前,我国每年因虫霉污染等因素造成的稻谷产后损失率高达7-11%,给粮食行业发展带来了前所未有的挑战。为控制储粮虫害程度及影响范围,仓储行业通常在粮食储运环节开展周期性的检测和筛查工作。以玉米象为代表的典型稻谷储粮虫害,检测方式仍停留在人工过筛和形态学观察方面,劳动强度大、时效性差,不适合大规模在线生产和应用,更无法实现储运环节的在线监测。对此,开发新型准确化、快速无损检测技术进行储粮害虫无损检测,对于粮食产后储藏品质控制和安全生产具有重要意义,也对推动粮食产业快速升级和装备研发方面具有重要意义。
气相离子迁移谱(gas chromatograph-ion mobility spectrometer,GC-IMS)作为一种食品气味挥发表征技术,具有灵敏度高、速度快、操作简单且无须样品预处理等优势。其能在短时间内获取大量气味检测信号,在气味指纹图谱的精度方面优势明显。现已被证实可用于稻谷、小麦、糙米、大米、荞麦等粮食物料气味分析中。但多数研究仍侧重于粮食产后储藏期品质变化分析,针对储粮害虫早期检测仍有待进一步研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用气味指纹图谱对稻谷中玉米象进行无损检测的方法。
本发明为实现上述目的,采用以下技术方案:
一种利用气味指纹图谱对稻谷中玉米象进行无损检测的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)称取一定量经过去杂处理的稻谷置于放有玉米象的顶空样品瓶中,密封,于室温(25±2℃)放置24h;
(2)顶空自动进样,进行GC-IMS指纹图谱采集;
(3)采用LAV(laboratory analytical viewer)以及GC×IMS Library Search分析软件进行数据分析处理。数据伪彩色及降维处理分别采用Reporter插件、Gallery Plot插件,应用软件内置的IMS数据库可对物质进行定性分析。
在优选的实施方式中,所述步骤(1)中,取7g稻谷于20mL顶空萃取瓶中,所选玉米象均为成虫。
在优选的实施方式中,所述步骤(2)中顶空进样检测条件为:顶空平衡温度设为60℃,平衡时间设为15min,顶空气体进样体积设为500μL,进样温度85℃。
在优选的实施方式中,所述步骤(2)中GC-IMS的检测条件为:选用FS-SE-54-CB-1气相色谱柱,运行温度设定为60℃,载气选用纯度超过99.9%的氮气。
在优选的实施方式中,所述步骤(2)中GC-IMS的流速程序为:初始流速设为120mL/s,初始流速为2.0mL·min-1,保持2min后在10min内线性增加至10mL·min-1,在20min内线性增加至100mL·min-1,在25min内线性增加至150mL·min-1。漂移气为高纯氮气(纯度≥99.999%),流速为150mL·min-1,IMS探测器温度为45℃,分析时间为25min。
相比于现有的稻谷中玉米象检测方法存在的缺点或不足,本发明的优点在于:
(1)使用GC-IMS气相色谱-离子迁移谱对稻谷中的玉米象进行检测前处理简洁,几乎不需要过多的前处理,能够保证挥发性物质不会因为前处理而改变或损失,可以对玉米象为害稻谷后产生的挥发性物质进行较为准确的定性和定量;
(2)使用GC-IMS气相色谱-离子迁移谱对稻谷中的玉米象进行检测利用了气相对挥发性物质的有效分离和离子迁移谱响应快速、灵敏度高的优势,得到了保留时间、漂移时间和信号强度的三维谱图,使定性分析更加准确;
(3)使用GC-IMS气相色谱-离子迁移谱对稻谷中的玉米象进行检测中离子迁移谱图仪可以在大气压和室温下工作,对样品的用量小,且灵敏度高,分析时间短,检测效率高。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个实施例中样品的气相离子迁移谱图,
图2是玉米象稻谷样品挥发性有机物指纹图谱的三维图,
图3是本发明一个实施例中样品的气相离子迁移谱图差异图,(s-1)没有玉米象;(s-2)有5头玉米象;(s-3)有10头玉米象;(s-4)有15头玉米象;(s-5)有20头玉米象;(s-6)有30头玉米象;(s-7)有40头玉米象,
图4是本发明一个实施例中气相离子迁移谱图中选取的挥发性有机物的指纹图谱,
图5是有机物指纹图谱中特征物质的信号强度与与玉米象头数的对比图。
具体实施方式
现结合以下实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,所述实施例,只是对本发明起到解释与说明的作用,并不能限定本发明。凡是在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
1、原料选取
选用已经去除杂质的7g稻谷装入20ml顶空样品瓶中。
2、将装有7g稻谷的顶空样品瓶于室温(25±2℃)下放置24h;顶空自动进样,进行GC-IMS指纹图谱采集;顶空平衡温度设为60℃,平衡时间设为15min,顶空气体进样体积设为500μL,进样温度85℃;
GC-IMS的检测条件为:选用FS-SE-54-CB-1气相色谱柱,运行温度设定为60℃,载气选用纯度超过99.9%的氮气。
GC-1MS的流速程序为:初始流速为2.0mL·min-1,保持2min后在10min内线性增加至10mL·min-1,在20min内线性增加至100mL·min-1,在25min内线性增加至150mL·min-1。漂移气为高纯氮气(纯度≥99.999%),流速为150mL·min-1,IMS探测器温度为45℃,分析时间为25min。
3、采用LAV(laboratory analytical viewer)以及GC×IMS Library Search分析软件进行数据分析处理。数据伪彩色及降维处理分别采用Reporter插件、Gallery Plot插件,应用软件内置的IMS数据库可对物质进行定性分析。
实施例2
该实施例与上述实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于:
在步骤(1)中,向装有7g稻谷的顶空样品瓶中加入5头玉米象。
实施例3
该实施例与上述实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于:
在步骤(1)中,向装有7g稻谷的顶空样品瓶中加入10头玉米象。
实施例4
该实施例与上述实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于:
在步骤(1)中,向装有7g稻谷的顶空样品瓶中加入15头玉米象。
实施例5
该实施例与上述实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于:
在步骤(1)中,向装有7g稻谷的顶空样品瓶中加入20头玉米象。
实施例6
该实施例与上述实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于:
在步骤(1)中,向装有7g稻谷的顶空样品瓶中加入30头玉米象。
实施例7
该实施例与上述实施例1基本相同,差别之处在于:
在步骤(1)中,向装有7g稻谷的顶空样品瓶中加入40头玉米象。
对比实施例
选取上述实施例1~7中加入了不同数量玉米象的稻谷和未加入玉米象的稻谷进行对比试验。
结果如图1~4所示,图1是样品的气相离子迁移谱图,伪彩色处理后红色越深表示信号强度越高,蓝色越深表示信号强度越低;不同数字代表GC-IMS数据库参比物质出峰。图2是对装有玉米象的稻谷样品挥发性有机物指纹图谱进行对比,生成的三维图。图3是样品的气相离子迁移谱图差异图,其中(s-1)表示没有玉米象;(s-2)有5头玉米象;(s-3)有10头玉米象;(s-4)有15头玉米象;(s-5)有20头玉米象;(s-6)有30头玉米象;(s-7)有40头玉米象。从图1、2、3中可以看出,对获取到的GC-IMS三维信号图谱进行伪色彩处理后可以直接从图中看出不同挥发性有机物对应的漂流时间和离子迁移时间之间的差异。但总体来看在稻谷中加入0-40头玉米象挥发性组分对应的GC-IMS信号谱图相似,组间差异性定性评价较为困难,需要进一步提取特征峰值信号。图4是气相离子迁移谱图中选取的挥发性有机物的指纹图谱,独立像素图片表示GC-IMS特征吸收峰,红色越深表示信号强度越高,蓝色越深表示信号强度越低,背景设为黑色。从图4中可以看出对比不同数量玉米象组发现,每组样品的挥发性有机物信息及样品中挥发性有机物之间存在差异。对比发现,在含有不同数量玉米象的稻谷中发现3-methylbutanal、Pentanal、Propanoic acid、3-Pentanone、2-Pentanone、Styrene、2,3-Butanediol、2-Pentanone的信号,并且可观察到信号强度的变化。如图4所示,Pentanal、3-Pentanone、Styrene、2-Pentanone信号强度的变化与玉米象的数量间有线性关系。Pentanal信号强度与玉米象头数的回归曲线方程为y=-0.0096x+0.6078,R2=0.9888,3-Pentanone信号强度与玉米象头数的回归曲线方程为y=0.0141x+0.0869,R2=0.9863,Styrene信号强度与玉米象头数的回归曲线方程为y=-0.0013x+0.3007,R2=0.9860,2-Pentanone信号强度与玉米象头数的回归曲线方程为y=0.0122x+0.3354,R2=0.9888。Pentanal、3-Pentanone、Styrene、2-Pentanone可以作为玉米象检测的特征物质,根据其信号强度的变化,快速检测并判断稻谷中玉米象的头数。
表1是实施1~7不同头数玉米象的挥发性差异物质,利用GC×IMS LibrarySearch软件对检测到的差异性物质进行定性分析的信息,包括名称、CAS号、保留指数RI、保留时间Rt、离子迁移时间Dt。
表1
Claims (2)
1.一种利用气味指纹图谱对稻谷中玉米象进行无损检测的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤(1)、称取一定量经过去杂处理的稻谷置于放有玉米象的顶空样品瓶中,密封,于室温25±2℃放置24h;
步骤(2)、顶空自动进样,进行GC-IMS指纹图谱采集;
所述步骤(2)中顶空进样检测条件为:顶空平衡温度设为60℃,平衡时间设为15min,顶空气体进样体积设为500μL,进样温度85℃;
所述步骤(2)中GC-IMS的检测条件为:选用FS-SE-54-CB-1气相色谱柱,运行温度设定为60℃,载气选用纯度超过99.9%的氮气;
所述步骤(2)中GC-IMS的流速程序为:初始流速为2.0mL·min-1,保持2min后在10min内线性增加至10mL·min-1,在20min内线性增加至100mL·min-1,在25min内线性增加至150mL·min-1;漂移气为纯度≥99.999%的高纯氮气,流速为150mL·min-1,IMS探测器温度为45℃,分析时间为25min
步骤(3)、采用LAV即laboratory analytical viewer以及GC×IMS Library Search分析软件对所述步骤(2)得到GC-IMS指纹图谱进行数据分析处理;数据伪彩色及降维处理分别采用Reporter插件、GalleryPlot插件,应用软件内置的IMS数据库可对物质进行定性分析;
所述GC-IMS指纹图谱中Pentanal、3-Pentanone、Styrene和2-Pentanone信号强度的变化与玉米象的数量间有线性关系,作为玉米象检测的特征物质,根据其信号强度的变化,快速检测并判断稻谷中玉米象的头数。
2.如权利要求1所述的利用气味指纹图谱对稻谷中玉米象进行无损检测的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,取7g稻谷于20mL顶空萃取瓶中,所选玉米象均为成虫。
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