CN1148100A - 耐磨性能增强的氧化物涂层刀具 - Google Patents
耐磨性能增强的氧化物涂层刀具 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种涂覆有单层或多层耐高温材料层(其中一层由单相k-Al2O3构成)的物体,其特征在于晶体在涂层物体表面具有优先在(210)方向生长的显微结构。根据本发明的涂层刀具在加工球轴承钢时表现出增强的耐磨损性能。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于成屑加工的氧化物涂层切削刀具。
在切削刀具上化学气相沉积氧化铝是一项成熟的技术。Al2O3以及其它耐高温材料的耐磨损性能已在文献中大量讨论过。
CVD技术也被用来制造其他金属的氧化物、碳化物和氮化物涂层,该金属选自元素周期表中IVB、VB和VIB族中的过渡金属。许多这类化合物被用作耐磨和保护涂层,但很少受到象TiC、TiN和Al2O3那样的广泛关注。
Al2O3以几种不同的相结晶,α,κ,γ,β,θ等,在CVD制取的耐磨Al2O3涂层中最常见的两种相是热力学稳定的六方α相和亚稳定的κ相。一般地,κ相是粒径在0.5~3.5μm范围内的细晶结构,常表现出柱状涂层形态,而且κ-Al2O3涂层没有结晶缺陷,且没有微孔或空洞。κ-Al2O3的结晶结构基本上为斜方的,晶胞可用正交指数表示,它可转换成具有六方指数的六方晶胞。
在混合的α+κ-Al2O3涂层中,α-Al2O3晶粒常较粗大,取决于沉积条件,其粒径为1~6μm。这种情况下经常出现气孔和结晶缺陷。
在商业化切削刀具上,常常在TiCxNyOz涂层碳化物或陶瓷基体上涂覆Al2O3(见,例如美国专利号No.3837896,现在的美国再公告专利号No.29420和美国专利号No.5071696),TiCxNyOz与Al2O3涂层间的界面化学反应尤其重要。
用氧化物涂覆硬质合金刀具从而进一步提高它们的耐磨性在本质上是公所周知的。在例如美国再公告专利号No.29420和美国专利号Nos.4399168,4018631,4490191和4463033中就有证据。这些专利揭示了氧化物涂层体以及例如TiC涂层硬质合金的不同预处理如何增强了下一步沉积的氧化物层的粘附性能。氧化铝涂层体在美国专利号No.3736107,5071696和5137774中有进一步揭示,其中Al2O3层依次为α相,κ相,α+κ混合相。
Smith在US4619866描述了一种在掺杂剂例如硫化氢(H2S)的影响下,通过利用一种金属卤化物的水解反应而制备快速生长Al2O3层的方法。所得的涂层包括κ相小晶粒和α相大晶粒的混合相。该工艺制备的涂层具有在被涂覆基体周围均匀的层厚分布。
美国专利号No.5071696揭示了通过在一种MX层上外延沉积而涂覆有单相κ-Al2O3层的刀体,其中MX是取自周期表的IVB、VB或VIB族的一种金属的碳化物、碳氮化物或氧碳氮化物。瑞典专利申请9101953-9揭示了一种生长细晶κ-Al2O3涂层的方法。
瑞典专利申请No.9203852-0揭示的单相α-Al2O3层在(012)方向具有择优晶体生长取向。瑞典专利申请No.9304283-6的是在(110)方向上,瑞典专利申请No.9400089-0的是在(104)方向上。
因而本发明的目的是利用适宜的成核和生长条件在硬质合金基体上或优选地在上述TiCxNyOz涂层上提供至少一种具有所需显微结构和结晶学结构的基本单相的多晶κ-Al2O3层,以便把Al2O3层的所说的性质稳定化。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种加工球轴承钢时切削性能增强的氧化铝涂层切削刀片。
图1是用要求保护的工艺制备的典型Al2O3涂层在2000放大倍数下的扫描电镜(SEM)俯视图。
根据本发明,提供了一种在其上沉积有耐磨涂层的硬质合金体的刀具。涂层含有一层或多层耐高温层,其中至少一层是κ相多晶体的致密Al2O3织构层。
根据本发明涂覆的切削刀具,在使用切削液加工球轴承钢时比现有技术的刀具表现出增强的耐磨性。
更确切地,涂层刀具含有一个烧结硬质合金体、金属陶瓷或陶瓷体的基体,优选地在一种金属粘结相中有至少一种金属碳化物。涂层结构中的各个层可以是TiC或选自由元素周期表中的IVB、VB、VIB族的金属,B、Al和Si组成的组中的一种金属的相关碳化物,氮化物,碳氮化物,氧化物和氧碳氮化物和/或其混合物。所说的涂层的至少一层是与基体相接触。然而,涂层结构中的至少一层是无微孔和结晶缺陷的细晶、致密、基本单相的κ-Al2O3层。这层涂层是具有厚度d=0.5~25μm,优选地1~10μm以及粒径0.5~6μm;优选地0.5~4μm的择优织构层。
根据本发明,该Al2O3层经X射线衍射法(XRD)测定在(210)方向具有择优晶体生长取向。织构系数TC可定义为:
式中,
I(hk1)=(hk1)反射的测试强度,
I0(hk1)=ASTM标准粉末图样衍射数据的标准强度。
n=计算中所用的反射面的数目,所用的(hk1)反射面有(002),(112),(013),(122),(113),(032),(210),(222),(050)。
根据本发明,(210)晶面的TC值大于1.5,优选地大于2.5,最优选地大于3.0。
在一个优选实施例中,根据本发明的氧化铝涂层优选地是最外层,但也可在其上沉积一层或更多层涂层例如一层薄的厚度为<1μm的TiN层。
在一个更优选的实施例中,所说的氧化铝层与优选地为涂层最内层的TiCxNyOz层相接触。
根据本发明,Al2O3织构层是通过仔细控制Al2O3成核过程中的工艺条件而得到的,此外在Al2O3成核前,把生产气体的氧化势例如水蒸汽的浓度控制在5ppm以下是至关重要的。Al2O3的成核是通过按下述控制反应气体的顺序开始的:H2和HCl以上述顺序先流进反应器,然后是AlCl3,CO2最后流入。成核过程中所加的HCl量应控制在2.5与10vol%之间,优选地在3.0与6.0vol%之间,最优选地在3.5与5.0vol%之间。成核过程中温度优选地在950℃与1000℃之间,氧化铝沉积过程中的生长步骤可在与成核步骤相同的温度下进行,但要添加掺杂剂,一种含硫气体,优选地为H2S,以提高沉积速率。然而,确切的条件在一定程度上取决于所用设备的结构。决定是否已达到所必需的织构和涂层形态并在必要时根据现场情况改变成核和沉积条件以便产生织构度和涂层形态,是熟练技工权限范围的事。
已发现一个平滑的涂层表面会进一步提高刀片的切削效果。可通过用细晶粒(400-150目)氧化铝粉对涂层表面进行轻微的湿法喷砂处理或用基于例如瑞典专利申请9402543-4所揭示的那种SiC的刷子对刀刃进行涂刷处理来获得平滑的涂层表面。
实施例1
A.对组成为5.5wt%的Co,8.6wt%的立方碳化物和余量的WC的硬质合金切削刀片用化学气相沉积工艺涂覆一层4μm厚的TiCN层。在同一涂覆周期的下面工艺中,涂覆一层6μm厚的κ-Al2O3层,Al2O3涂层工艺分为两部分:成核部分和生长部分,在生长部分中用H2S作为掺杂剂对工艺进行催化。在Al2O3的成核过程中要控制工艺参数以便促进形成Al2O3层的(210)织构。
在Al2O3的沉积过程之前,要把流过反应器的气体的氧化势保持在最低水准以确保表面组成有助于κ-Al2O3的沉积。
Al2O3沉积过程中的工艺条件为:
成核 生长
CO2 vol% 3.5 3.5
AlCl3 vol% 2.3 2.3
HCl vol% 3.5 4.5
H2S vol% - 0.4
H2 vol% 余量 余量
压力 毫巴 55 55
温度 ℃ 980 980
时间 h 1 8.5
XRD分析表明涂层为单相κ-Al2O3,所具有的晶面(210)的织构系数TC(210)为3.3。SEM研究表明Al2O3层的厚度为6μm。
B.组成与上述A中相同的硬质合金切削刀片,对它进行涂覆并涂覆一层5μm厚的TiCN层,然后一层5.8μm厚的κ-Al2O3的沉积是根据原有技术进行的。
涂层的XRD分析表明Al2O3为单相κ-Al2O3,(013)晶面的织构系数TC(013)为3.1。
C.根据原有技术对根据A的硬质合金切削刀片涂覆TiCN,然后涂覆Al2O3,得到α-Al2O3粗晶粒和κ-Al2O3细晶粒的混合物。在一个抛光的横截面上发现TiCN层的厚度为5.0μm,混合相Al2O3层的厚度约为6.2μm,XRD检测表明κ/α比约为0.4。κ-Al2O3表现出(013)晶面的织构系数TC(013)为2.6,而α-Al2O3表明没有择优取向。
D.对取自沉积A的刀片在流动H2气氛中热处理8小时。这导致κ-Al2O3100%转变成α-Al2O3。根据XRD分析,该α-Al2O3层表现出在(104)晶面以及(110)晶面的织构系数TC为1.5。
对刀片进行球轴承钢与(DIN100CrMo6相似)的纵向车削加工试验以检查其侧面耐磨损性能。
切削数据:
速度:200米/分
切深:2.0mm
进给量:0.36mm/转
使用切削液
试验结果以在切削刀片上达到0.3mm的预定侧面磨损所需的工时列于下表。
达到0.3mm侧面磨损的时间,分钟
试验1 试验2
A.κ-Al2O3(210) 22.5 22.5(发明)
B.κ-Al2O3(013) 15 17.5
C.α+κ-Al2O3 15 15
D.A热处理 15 17.5实施例2
A.根据本发明,对组成为5.5wt%的Co,8.6wt%的立方碳化物和余量的WC的硬质合金切削刀片如上述实施例1中一样,用化学气相沉积(CVD)工艺涂覆一层4μm的TiCN,然后涂层一层5.8μm的κ-Al2O3。
Al2O3沉积过程中的工艺条件为:
成核 生长
CO2 vol% 3.5 3.5
AlCl3 vol% 2.3 2.3
HCl vol% 5.0 3.5
H2S vol% - 0.4
H2 余量 余量
压力 毫巴 55 55
温度 ℃ 980 980
时间 h 1 8.5
XRD分析表明涂层由单相κ-Al2O3构成,其(210)晶面的织构系数TC(210)为2.2。
B.组成与上述A中相同的硬质合金切削刀片,对它进行涂覆并涂覆4μm厚的TiCN,然后6.3μm厚的κ-Al2O3。该κ-Al2O3的沉积是根据原有技术进行的。
涂层的XRD分析表明Al2O3由具有(013)结晶取向的单相κ-Al2O3构成,其(013)晶面的织构系数TC为3.2。刀片的SEM研究表明Al2O3层的平均粒径为2.8μm。
C.根据上述实施例1的C的硬质合金切削刀片。
对刀片进行球轴承钢(与DIN100CrMo6相似)的纵向车削加工试验以检查其侧面耐磨损性能。
切削数据:
速度:200米/分
切深:2.0mm
进给量:0.36mm/rev
使用切削液
试验结果以在切削刀片上达到0.3mm的预定侧面磨损所需的工时列于下表。
达到0.3mm侧面磨损的时间,分钟
试验1 试验2
A.κ-Al2O3(210) 30 35(发明)
B.κ-Al2O3(013) 22.5 22.5
C.α+κ-Al2O3 12.5 15实施例3
取自实施例1的刀片,在涂覆工艺后用150目的Al2O3对刀片进行湿法喷砂处理以便使涂层平滑。然后对它们进行SS2172-4的端面车削试验。在这种车削加工中刃棱剥落是关键的磨损机制。
切削数据:
速度:130m/min
进给量:0.2mm/rev
切深:2.0mm
工件的形状应使每转一周过程中切削中断三次。
刃棱剥落(%)
实施例1的刀片B 78
实施例1的刀片A 67
实施例1的刀片A, 经湿法喷砂处理 3
Claims (8)
1.一种至少部分涂覆有一层或多层耐高温材料层,其中至少一层为Al2O3的物体,其特征在于所说的氧化铝的涂层厚度为0.5~25μm,且它由在(210)方向具有织构的单相κ-Al2O3构成,其织构系数大于1.5,优选地大于2.5,最优选地大于3.0,织构系数定义如下: 式中
I(hk1)=(hk1)反射的测试强度,
I0(hk1)=ASTM标准粉末图样衍射数据的标准强度,
n=计算中所用的反射面的数目,
所用的(hk1)反射面有(002),(112),(013),(122),(113),(032),(210),(222),(050)。
2.根据前述权利要求的物体,其特征在于所说的Al2O3层为最外层。
3.根据前述任一项权利要求的物体,其特征在于所说的Al2O3层与一层TiCxNyOz层相接触。
4.根据权利要求3的物体,其特征在于所说的TiCxNyOz层是涂层的最里层。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求的物体,其特征在于在所说的氧化铝层上面是一厚度最高为1μm的TiN薄层。
6.根据前述任一项权利要求的物体,其特征在于所说的物体是硬质合金,钛基碳氮化物或陶瓷的切削刀具。
7.一种用κ-Al2O3涂层涂覆物体的方法,其中该物体在高温下与含有一种或多种铝的卤化物和一种水解剂和/或氧化剂的载H2气体相接触,其特征在于通过使H2O或其它氧化性物质的总浓度优选地在5ppm以下而使氧化铝涂层之前的氧化势保持在低水平,氧化铝的成核是通过控制反应气体的顺序开始的,HCl和AlCl3在H2气氛中首先进入反应器,然后CO2进入,HCl量控制在2.5~10vol%之间,优选地3.0~6vol%,最优选地3.5~5vol%,成核过程中的温度在950~1000℃之间,并在Al2O3的生长过程中,添加了一种含硫气体,优选地为H2S。
8.一种根据权利要求7的用κ-Al2O3涂层涂覆物体的方法,其特征在于对氧化铝进行例如湿法喷砂的后处理。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9502638-1 | 1995-07-14 | ||
SE9502638A SE514695C2 (sv) | 1995-07-14 | 1995-07-14 | Skärverktyg belagt med aluminiumoxid och sätt för dess framställning |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1148100A true CN1148100A (zh) | 1997-04-23 |
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CN96110195A Pending CN1148100A (zh) | 1995-07-14 | 1996-07-12 | 耐磨性能增强的氧化物涂层刀具 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US5902671A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0753602B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH09136202A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100430870B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1148100A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE208439T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9603082A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69616669T2 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL118792A (zh) |
SE (1) | SE514695C2 (zh) |
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CN113584459A (zh) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 | 织构强化的κ-Al2O3涂层工具及其制备方法 |
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1996
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- 1996-07-04 DE DE69616669T patent/DE69616669T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-04 AT AT96850127T patent/ATE208439T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-04 EP EP96850127A patent/EP0753602B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-05 IL IL11879296A patent/IL118792A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-12 CN CN96110195A patent/CN1148100A/zh active Pending
- 1996-07-12 BR BR9603082A patent/BR9603082A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-13 KR KR1019960028435A patent/KR100430870B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-15 JP JP8202738A patent/JPH09136202A/ja active Pending
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1998
- 1998-03-25 US US09/047,221 patent/US5968595A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
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CN107557755A (zh) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-01-09 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 具有{0 0 1}织构化κ‑Al2O3层的CVD涂层切削工具 |
CN107557755B (zh) * | 2016-07-01 | 2020-05-01 | 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 | 具有{0 0 1}织构化κ-Al2O3层的CVD涂层切削工具 |
CN113584459A (zh) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 | 织构强化的κ-Al2O3涂层工具及其制备方法 |
CN113584459B (zh) * | 2021-08-03 | 2023-09-22 | 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 | 织构强化的κ-Al2O3涂层工具及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE9502638L (sv) | 1997-01-15 |
US5902671A (en) | 1999-05-11 |
KR970005470A (ko) | 1997-02-19 |
IL118792A0 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
IL118792A (en) | 2000-02-17 |
ATE208439T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
JPH09136202A (ja) | 1997-05-27 |
EP0753602B1 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
BR9603082A (pt) | 1998-05-05 |
EP0753602A1 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
SE514695C2 (sv) | 2001-04-02 |
SE9502638D0 (sv) | 1995-07-14 |
DE69616669D1 (de) | 2001-12-13 |
US5968595A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
KR100430870B1 (ko) | 2004-06-16 |
DE69616669T2 (de) | 2002-05-02 |
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