CN114797925A - 一种多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂及制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂及制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- MULYSYXKGICWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O MULYSYXKGICWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- SCNCIXKLOBXDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+);2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Co+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O SCNCIXKLOBXDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂及其制备方法与在费托合成反应中的应用。该催化剂以钴为活性组分,以含钴沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料为前体模板,通过在惰性气氛下焙烧生成含钴多孔氮杂碳材料前驱体,通过碳化还原的转晶预处理方式,得到fcc和hcp晶相钴共存的双晶相钴基催化剂。用于费托合成反应时,具有较高的活性和良好的C5+选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多孔氮掺杂碳负载的双晶相钴基费托合成催化剂及其制备方法和应用。更具体地,涉及一种以ZIFs材料为前体的双晶相钴氮掺杂碳催化剂,活性组分为hcp Co和fcc Co的纳米复合颗粒。
背景技术
随着世界原油价格不断波动,石油资源日益匮乏,对于从煤,天然气,生物质生成的合成气转化成高质量燃料及高附加值化学品的费托合成反应越来越被人们广泛关注。金属Co具有良好的费托合成催化活性以及稳定性,被应用于实际工业生产中。金属Co的催化活性与Co晶相结构密切相关。实现从fcc Co到hcp Co的转变可以进一步大大提高催化活性。
沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIFs)具有良好的多孔结构,其有机连接体和金属节点高度有序排列,是空间限域金属纳米颗粒的理想载体。将ZIFs材料用作自牺牲模板在惰性气体中煅烧可以生成多孔限域的金属基材料,同时衍生的材料继承了原有ZIFs的多孔性能。含有丰富的氮元素,有利于煅烧过程形成氮掺杂结构且稳定金属纳米颗粒。对比传统浸渍法制备的催化剂,Co分散度更高,颗粒大小更均匀,负载量更高(30-50wt%左右),还原率更高(70-95%左右)。因此有很高的应用前景。
金属Co的催化活性与Co的晶相结构密切相关,hcp Co对比fcc Co有更好的催化合成气转化的活性,现在普遍认为是由于hcp Co可以直接解离CO促进碳链生长成烷基链,而fcc Co需要氢辅助解离,所以催化活性明显低于hcp Co。以往通过碳化还原碳化的方式使钴的氧化物首先转化成fcc Co进而通过碳化渗碳生成Co2C中间物种,再次还原由于渗碳改变了晶体结构,从而成功生成hcp Co。ZIF-67热解后发生自还原,主要以金属Co形式存在,只需要碳化还原即可。
沸石咪唑骨架热解并通过碳化还原制备的氮掺杂碳载双晶相钴催化剂具有特点:(1)金属Co大小更均一,分散度更好,自还原度更高;(2)该类材料上钴的负载量较高,可达25-60%左右;(3)具有fcc Co和hcp Co两种Co晶相。
发明内容
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在惰性气氛下下对ZIF-67进行焙烧,获得多孔氮掺杂碳材料载钴基催化剂前驱体;
(2)将孔氮掺杂碳材料载钴基催化剂前驱体装入固定床反应,在纯CO气氛下碳化,气体空速为500-10000h-1(优选范围为1000-6000h-1),温度为190-250℃,从室温至碳化温度的升温速率不超过5℃/min(优选范围为1-5℃/min),压力为1-3Mpa,保持5-120h(优选48-120h)后自然降温到室温;
随后在纯氢气气氛下还原,气体空速为500-10000h-1(优选范围为1000-6000h-1),温度为350-450℃,从碳化温度至还原温度的升温速率不超过5℃/min(优选范围为1-5℃/min),压力为1-3Mpa,保持5-120h(优选48-120h);即得到孔氮杂碳材料载fcc Co和hcp Co共存的双晶相钴基催化剂。
本发明制备方法简单,获得的材料中各元素分布均匀,活性中心双晶相Co,分散度高,负载量高。
步骤(1)含钴沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料ZIF-67制备方法具体如下:将可溶性钴盐与2-甲基咪唑溶于甲醇溶液中,超声静置,离心分离,固体产物洗涤,干燥,得到ZIF-67。
可溶性钴盐包括可溶性盐为甲酸钴、乙酸钴、硝酸钴、草酸钴、硫酸钴、柠檬酸钴、苹果酸钴中的一种或二种以上;可溶性钴盐、2-甲基咪唑及甲醇用量比为0.03-0.2mol:0.1-0.5mol:100-600ml(优选0.05-0.15mol:0.2-0.4mol:200-500ml);超声0.5-5h(优选1-4h);,静置20-60h(优选范围为30-50h),离心速率7000-13000r/min(优选范围为9000-12000r/min),用甲醇洗涤3-5次,干燥温度50-100℃。
步骤(2)具体如下:在氩气、氮气或氦气一种或两种以上惰性气氛下,于500-1000℃(优选范围为700-1000℃)下对ZIF-67进行1-5h焙烧,气体空速为500-10000h-1(优选范围为1000-6000h-1);焙烧获得的材料降温后得到前驱体;焙烧前升温速率不超过5℃/min(优选范围为1-5℃/min)。
所述的制备方法制备的多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂在费托合成中的应用。
催化剂应用于以合成气为原料制备汽油柴油为主的C5+烷烃(5个原子以上的烯烃和/或烷烃)的费托合成反应中,其特征在于,合成气中H2与CO进料体积比为1-3,反应温度为200-300℃,反应压力为1-5MPa,反应总空速为2000-6000h-1。
该催化剂以钴为活性组分,以含钴沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料为前体模板,通过在惰性气氛下焙烧生成含钴多孔氮杂碳材料前驱体,通过碳化还原的转晶预处理方式,得到fcc和hcp晶相钴共存的双晶相钴基催化剂。用于费托合成反应时,具有较高的活性和良好的C5+烃选择性。
附图说明
图1催化剂的XRD谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明,但本发明不限于所列举的实例。
实施例1
1.制备ZIF-67:将Co(NO3)2·6H2O(11.64g,0.04mol)和2-甲基咪唑(16.42g,0.2mol)分别溶解在300mL甲醇中,混合,超声1h,在室温下搅拌25h后,将紫色悬浊物高速离心(10000r/min)并用甲醇洗涤3次,在100℃下干燥,即得到ZIF-67,通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征可观察到其十二面体结构。
2.将5g ZIF-67置于石英管中通过管式炉,于N2气氛中以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至700℃原位焙烧3h,气体空速为1000h-1,得到Co-CN。
3.将1g Co-CN置于固定床不锈钢反应器内,通入纯CO气体,气体空速为1000h-,升压至2MPa,以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至250℃,保持120h,然后降温至室温,随后切换成在H2气氛,气体空速为2000h-1,降压至1MPa,以5℃/min的升温速度从室温升温至400℃,保持10h,得到多孔炭载双晶相钴金属催化剂。
此材料的钴质量百分含量采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)表征测试为35.2%。此材料的XRD谱图见图1,可以看到hcp Co(PDF NO.01-089-4308,2θ=44.3°、47.4°)和fcc Co(PDF NO.01-089-7093,2θ=44.2°)两种特征衍射峰。由物理吸附表征的催化剂比表面积,孔容积,孔径见表2。
此催化剂在反应温度为260℃,H2与CO体积进料比2,进气空速为3000h-1,反应压力为3MPa条件下进行评价,性能评价结果见下表1。
实施例2
1.制备ZIF-67:将Co(NO3)2·6H2O(14.55g,0.05mol)和2-甲基咪唑(16.42g,0.2mol)分别溶解在350mL甲醇中,混合,超声2h,在室温下搅拌30h后,将紫色悬浊物高速离心(10000r/min)并用甲醇洗涤3次,在100℃下干燥,即得到ZIF-67,通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征可观察到其十二面体结构。
2.将5g ZIF-67置于石英管中通过管式炉,于Ar气氛中以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至800℃原位焙烧3h,气体空速为1000h-1,得到Co-CN。
3.将1g Co-CN置于固定床不锈钢反应器内,通入纯CO气体,气体空速为2000h-1,升压至3MPa,以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至220℃,保持50h,然后降温至室温,随后切换成在H2气氛,气体空速为2000h-1,降压至1MPa,以5℃/min的升温速度从室温升温至430℃,保持20h,得到多孔炭载双晶相钴金属催化剂。
此材料的钴质量百分含量采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)表征测试为30.6%。此材料的XRD谱图见图1,可以看到hcp Co(PDF NO.01-089-4308,2θ=44.3°、47.4°)和fcc Co(PDF NO.01-089-7093,2θ=44.2°)两种特征衍射峰。由物理吸附表征的催化剂比表面积,孔容积,孔径见表2。
此催化剂在反应温度为250℃,H2与CO体积进料比2,进气空速为3000h-1,反应压力为3MPa条件下进行评价,性能评价结果见下表1。
实施例3
1.制备ZIF-67:将Co(NO3)2·6H2O(14.55g,0.05mol)和2-甲基咪唑(16.42g,0.2mol)分别溶解在350mL甲醇中,混合,超声2h,在室温下搅拌30h后,将紫色悬浊物高速离心(10000r/min)并用甲醇洗涤3次,在100℃下干燥,即得到ZIF-67,通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征可观察到其十二面体结构。
2.将5g ZIF-67置于石英管中通过管式炉,于He气氛中以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至1000℃原位焙烧3h,气体空速为2000h-1得到Co-CN。
3.将1g Co-CN置于固定床不锈钢反应器内,通入纯CO气体,气体空速为1000h-1,升压至3MPa,以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至220℃,保持50h,然后降温至室温,随后切换成在H2气氛,气体空速为1000h-1,降压至1MPa,以5℃/min的升温速度从室温升温至430℃,保持20h,得到多孔炭载双晶相钴金属催化剂。
此材料的钴质量百分含量采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)表征测试为50.3%。此材料的XRD谱图见图1,可以看到hcp Co(PDF NO.01-089-4308,2θ=44.3°、47.4°)和fcc Co(PDF NO.01-089-7093,2θ=44.2°)两种特征衍射峰。由物理吸附表征的催化剂比表面积,孔容积,孔径见表2。
此催化剂在反应温度为270℃,H2与CO体积进料比2,进气空速为4000h-1,反应压力为3MPa条件下进行评价,性能评价结果见下表1。
实施例4
1.制备ZIF-67:将Co(NO3)2·6H2O(14.55g,0.05mol)和2-甲基咪唑(16.42g,0.2mol)分别溶解在400mL甲醇中,混合,超声2h,在室温下搅拌30h后,将紫色悬浊物高速离心(10000r/min)并用甲醇洗涤3次,在100℃下干燥,即得到ZIF-67,通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征可观察到其十二面体结构。
2.将5g ZIF-67置于石英管中通过管式炉,于Ar气氛中以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至800℃原位焙烧3h,气体空速为1000h-1,得到Co-CN。
3.将1g Co-CN置于固定床不锈钢反应器内,通入纯CO气体,气体空速为1000h-1,升压至2MPa,以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至225℃,保持40h,然后降温至室温,随后切换成在H2气氛,气体空速为1000h-1,降压至1MPa,以5℃/min的升温速度从室温升温至440℃,保持40h,得到多孔炭载双晶相钴金属催化剂。
此材料的钴质量百分含量采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)表征测试为42.9%。此材料的XRD谱图见图1,可以看到hcp Co(PDF NO.01-089-4308,2θ=44.3°、47.4°)和fcc Co(PDF NO.01-089-7093,2θ=44.2°)两种特征衍射峰。
此催化剂在反应温度为250℃,H2与CO体积进料比1,进气空速为4000h-1,反应压力为2MPa条件下进行评价,性能评价结果见下表1。
实施例5
1.制备ZIF-67:将Co(NO3)2·6H2O(14.55g,0.05mol)和2-甲基咪唑(16.42g,0.2mol)分别溶解在300mL甲醇中,混合,超声2h,在室温下搅拌30h后,将紫色悬浊物高速离心(10000r/min)并用甲醇洗涤3次,在100℃下干燥,即得到ZIF-67,通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征可观察到其十二面体结构。
2.将5g ZIF-67置于石英管中通过管式炉,于Ar气氛中以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至900℃原位焙烧2h,气体空速为1000h-1,得到Co-CN。
3.将1g Co-CN置于固定床不锈钢反应器内,通入纯CO气体,气体空速为1000h-1,升压至3MPa,以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至220℃,保持50h,然后降温至室温,随后切换成在H2气氛,气体空速为3000h-1,降压至1MPa,以5℃/min的升温速度从室温升温至430℃,保持20h,得到多孔炭载双晶相钴金属催化剂。
此材料的钴质量百分含量采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)表征测试为46.8%。此材料的XRD谱图见图1,可以看到hcp Co(PDF NO.01-089-4308,2θ=44.3°、47.4°)和fcc Co(PDF NO.01-089-7093,2θ=44.2°)两种特征衍射峰。
此催化剂在反应温度为300℃,H2与CO体积进料比2,进气空速为3000h-1,反应压力为3MPa条件下进行评价,性能评价结果见下表1。
实施例6
1.制备ZIF-67:将Co(NO3)2·6H2O(14.55g,0.05mol)和2-甲基咪唑(16.42g,0.2mol)分别溶解在350mL甲醇中,混合,超声2h,在室温下搅拌40h后,将紫色悬浊物高速离心(10000r/min)并用甲醇洗涤3次,在80℃下干燥,即得到ZIF-67,通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征可观察到其十二面体结构。
2.将5g ZIF-67置于石英管中通过管式炉,于Ar气氛中以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至500℃原位焙烧2h,气体空速为1000h-1,得到Co-CN。
3.将1g Co-CN置于固定床不锈钢反应器内,通入纯CO气体,气体空速为3000h-1,升压至3MPa,以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至210℃,保持50h,然后降温至室温,随后切换成在H2气氛,气体空速为3000h-1,降压至2MPa,以5℃/min的升温速度从室温升温至420℃,保持30h,得到多孔炭载双晶相钴金属催化剂。
此材料的钴质量百分含量采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)表征测试为28.6%。此材料的XRD谱图见图1,可以看到hcp Co(PDF NO.01-089-4308,2θ=44.3°、47.4°)和fcc Co(PDF NO.01-089-7093,2θ=44.2°)两种特征衍射峰。
此催化剂在反应温度为280℃,H2与CO体积进料比2,进气空速为2000h-1,反应压力为3MPa条件下进行评价,性能评价结果见下表1。
对比例1
1.制备ZIF-67:将Co(NO3)2·6H2O(11.64g,0.04mol)和2-甲基咪唑(16.42g,0.2mol)分别溶解在300mL甲醇中,搅拌,超声1h,在室温下搅拌25h后,将紫色悬浊物高速离心(10000r/min)并用甲醇洗涤3次,在100℃下干燥,即得到ZIF-67,通过扫描电镜(SEM)表征可观察到其十二面体结构。
2.将5g ZIF-67置于石英管中通过管式炉,于Ar气氛中以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至700℃原位热解3h,气体空速为2000h-1,得到Co-CN。
此材料的钴质量百分含量采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)表征测试为34.6%。此材料的XRD谱图见图1,可以看到fcc Co(PDF NO.01-089-7093,2θ=44.2°)特征衍射峰。由物理吸附表征的催化剂比表面积,孔容积,孔径见表2。
此催化剂在反应温度为270℃,H2与CO体积进料比2,进气空速为3000h-1,反应压力为3MPa条件下进行评价,性能评价结果见下表1。
表1
催化剂物性特征及CO加氢反应性能评价与产物分析。
表2
催化剂物性结构表征
从表1中催化剂的性能可以看出:采用本发明方法能够制备多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂,具有很高的Co负载量,较高的比表面积和孔结构,并且具有优异的催化性能。与只含有fcc Co的Co-NC催化剂相比,含有hcp Co和fcc Co两种晶相的双晶相多孔氮掺杂碳材料催化剂的CO转化率有显著提高并且C5+烃选择性更高。
Claims (8)
1.一种多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂制备方法及其在费托合成反应中的应用,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)在惰性气氛下对ZIF-67进行焙烧,获得多孔氮杂碳材料载钴基催化剂前驱体;
(2)将孔氮掺杂碳材料载钴基催化剂前驱体装入固定床反应,在纯CO气氛下碳化,气体空速为500-10000h-1(优选范围为1000-6000h-1),温度为190-250℃,从室温至碳化温度的升温速率不超过5℃/min(优选范围为1-5℃/min),压力为1-3Mpa,保持5-120h(优选48-120h)后自然降温到室温;
随后在纯氢气气氛下还原,气体空速为500-10000h-1(优选范围为1000-6000h-1),温度为350-450℃,从碳化温度至还原温度的升温速率不超过5℃/min(优选范围为1-5℃/min),压力为1-3Mpa,保持5-120h(优选48-120h);即得到孔氮杂碳材料载fcc Co和hcp Co共存的双晶相钴基催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,含钴沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料ZIF-67制备方法如下:将可溶性钴盐与2-甲基咪唑溶于甲醇溶液中,超声静置,离心分离,固体产物洗涤,干燥,得到ZIF-67;
可溶性钴盐包括可溶性盐为甲酸钴、乙酸钴、硝酸钴、草酸钴、硫酸钴、柠檬酸钴、苹果酸钴中的一种或二种以上;可溶性钴盐、2-甲基咪唑及甲醇用量比为0.03-0.2mol:0.1-0.5mol:100-600ml(优选0.05-0.15mol:0.2-0.4mol:200-500ml);超声0.5-5h(优选1-4h);,静置20-60h(优选范围为30-50h),离心速率7000-13000r/min(优选范围为9000-12000r/min),用甲醇洗涤3-5次,干燥温度50-100℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,惰性气氛气体为氩气、氮气或氦气中的一种或两种以上,于500-1000℃(优选范围为700-1000℃)下对ZIF-67进行1-5h焙烧,气体空速为500-10000h-1(优选范围为1000-6000h-1),获得前驱体,从室温至焙烧温度的升温速率不超过5℃/min(优选范围为1-5℃/min)。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一所述的制备方法制备获得的多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂,其特征在于,钴的质量负载量较高,可达25-60%左右。
6.一种权利要求4-5任一所述多孔氮掺杂碳材料载双晶相钴基催化剂在费托合成中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,催化剂应用于以合成气为原料制备C5+烃的费托合成反应中。
8.根据权利要求6-7任一所述的应用,其特征在于,以合成气为原料,合成气中H2与CO进料体积比为1-3,反应温度为200-300℃,反应压力为1-5MPa,反应总空速为2000-6000h-1。
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