CN114793797A - Planting method for reducing heavy metal cadmium content of rice - Google Patents
Planting method for reducing heavy metal cadmium content of rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793797A CN114793797A CN202210258839.XA CN202210258839A CN114793797A CN 114793797 A CN114793797 A CN 114793797A CN 202210258839 A CN202210258839 A CN 202210258839A CN 114793797 A CN114793797 A CN 114793797A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice, and relates to the technical field of rice planting. The method comprises the following steps: s1, pre-fertilizing: applying base fertilizer to the soil for planting rice, wherein the base fertilizer comprises quicklime, organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer; s2, transplanting rice seedlings and planting: and carrying out water layer irrigation on the soil for planting the rice, and then carrying out shallow water rice transplanting. Harvesting the upper end of first season ensiling, keeping the pile for 20-30 cm, then fertilizing the rice, fertilizing 5KG of pure nitrogen per mu and 3KG of K20 per mu to ensure that the rice normally germinates in the regeneration season, topdressing tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer on the rice in the regeneration season, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in the whole growth period of the rice, harvesting the rice after 95% of the rice in the regeneration season is yellow, and promoting the yield of the regenerated rice by utilizing the characteristics that the root system absorption capacity of the regeneration season is weak, the growth period is short, the heavy metal cadmium accumulation amount of the rice is low, and the taste quality of the rice is superior to that of one season rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice.
Background
The rice is a crop with strong cadmium enrichment capacity, and the problem of cadmium pollution in the rice field makes the safe production of the rice become the most concerned problem for people. Therefore, researchers at home and abroad develop researches in various fields such as soil, biology, cultivation and the like, and provide a plurality of heavy metal rice field treatment technologies. A relatively mature rice cadmium pollution control mode, namely a rice cadmium pollution control technical system of 'low cadmium variety + full-growth-period flooding irrigation + soil pH value adjustment by applying quicklime + auxiliary measures' is gradually formed in China.
However, in the prior art, the problems of complex operation, large cost investment, poor production adaptability and the like in the prior art are solved, and the application of the method to large-area paddy field heavy metal treatment is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice, which has the advantages of reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice and the like, and solves the problem that the method is difficult to be applied to large-area rice field heavy metal treatment.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the purpose of applying the heavy metal treatment to the large-area paddy field, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-fertilizing: applying base fertilizer to the soil for planting rice, wherein the base fertilizer comprises quicklime, organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
s2, transplanting rice seedlings and planting: carrying out water layer irrigation on the soil for planting the rice, and then carrying out shallow water rice transplanting;
s3, first season silage management: in the early stage of planting the rice, raising seedlings and transplanting in the field or performing direct seeding management and field production, and then fertilizing the rice;
s4, pest control: reasonably treating the rice in the early stage of rice planting, preventing and treating rice diseases by using medicines, then scientifically using water to prevent and treat deep water flood irrigation, and keeping the field dry;
s5, harvesting in first season silage: in order to ensure the yield of rice in the regeneration season, harvesting silage within 14 days after the rice is aligned with ears, and reserving piles for 20-30 cm;
s6, rehydration and topdressing: after ensiling and harvesting, topdressing the rice, applying 5KG to each mu of pure nitrogen and applying 3KG to each mu of K20 so as to ensure that the rice sprouts normally in the regeneration season;
s7, regeneration season management: after the rice seedlings emerge in the regeneration season, additional tillering fertilizer can be applied according to the situation, spike fertilizer can be applied in the later period, and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are well carried out in the field;
s8, timely harvesting: harvesting the rice after 95% of the rice in the regeneration season is yellow and ripe;
s9, ensiling: cutting silage, fermenting by anaerobic lactobacillus under sealed anoxic condition, and inhibiting reproduction of various bacteria by the anaerobic lactobacillus to obtain silage for feeding animals.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pure nitrogen is one of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate.
As a preferred technical scheme, the application amount of quicklime in the base fertilizer is 80-120 KG/mu, the application amount of organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 150-250 KG/mu, the application amount of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 20-40 KG/mu, and the application amount of potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 10-20 KG/mu.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the thickness of the water layer is maintained at 3 to 5 cm.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, compared with the conventional planting production, the use amount of the fertilizer in S3 is increased by 20-30%.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in S4 and S7, the main rice pests to be controlled by rice pest control are rice planthopper, rice leafhopper, stem borer, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee, rice thrips and rice gall midge pests; the rice diseases comprise rice blast, sheath blight, leaf blight, cloud disease, small-particle sclerotinia rot, false smut, basal rot and leaf sheath putrefaction disease.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice, which has the following beneficial effects:
the planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice of rice comprises the steps of harvesting the upper end of first-season silage, keeping a pile for 20-30 cm, applying 5KG of pure nitrogen and 3KG of K20 per mu of rice, enabling the rice to normally bud in a regeneration season, applying tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer to the rice in the regeneration season, well preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in the whole growth period of the rice, applying corresponding pesticide according to the diseases and insect pests, harvesting the rice after 95% of the rice in the regeneration season is yellow, and improving the yield of the regenerated rice and facilitating the development of high-quality rice industry by utilizing the characteristics that the root system absorption capacity is weak, the growth period is short, the heavy metal cadmium accumulation amount of the rice is low, and the rice taste quality is superior to that of the rice in one season.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-fertilizing: applying a base fertilizer to soil for planting rice, wherein the base fertilizer comprises quicklime, an organic fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the application amount of the quicklime in the base fertilizer is 80 KG/mu, the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 150 KG/mu, the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 20 KG/mu, and the application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 10 KG/mu;
s2, transplanting rice seedlings and planting: irrigating the soil for planting rice by a water layer, keeping the thickness of the water layer at 3cm, and then transplanting rice seedlings in shallow water;
s3, first season silage management: in the early stage of planting rice, seedling raising and transplanting in the field or direct seeding management and field production are carried out, the rice is subsequently fertilized, and the material consumption of the fertilizer is improved by 20 percent compared with that of the conventional planting production;
s4, pest control: reasonably treating the rice in the early stage of rice planting, wherein the main rice pests needing to be controlled by rice pest control are rice planthopper, rice leafhopper, stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice thrips and rice gall midge pests; the rice diseases comprise rice blast, sheath blight, leaf blight, cloud disease, small-particle sclerotinia, false smut, basal rot and sheath rot, the rice diseases are prevented and treated by using medicines, then scientific water is used for preventing and treating deep water flood irrigation, and the field is kept dry;
s5, harvesting in first season silage: in order to ensure the yield of the rice in the regeneration season, harvesting silage within 14 days after the rice is aligned with ears, and reserving a pile for 20 cm;
s6, rehydration and topdressing: after ensiling and harvesting, topdressing the rice, applying 5KG urea per mu and 3KG K20 per mu so as to ensure that the rice sprouts normally in the regeneration season;
s7, regeneration season management: after the rice seedlings emerge in the regeneration season, additional tillering fertilizer can be applied according to the situation, ear fertilizer is applied in the later period, and pest control is performed in the field, wherein the main rice pests needing to be controlled by the rice pest control are rice planthopper, rice leafhopper, stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice thrips and rice gall midge pests; the rice diseases comprise rice blast, sheath blight, leaf blight, cloud disease, small-particle sclerotinia rot, false smut, basal rot and leaf sheath putrefaction diseases;
s8, timely harvesting: harvesting the rice after 95% of the rice in the regeneration season is yellow and ripe;
s9, ensiling: cutting silage, fermenting by anaerobic lactobacillus under sealed anoxic condition, and inhibiting reproduction of various bacteria by the anaerobic lactobacillus to obtain silage for feeding animals.
Example two:
s1, pre-fertilizing: applying a base fertilizer to soil for planting rice, wherein the base fertilizer comprises quicklime, an organic fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the application amount of the quicklime in the base fertilizer is 100 KG/mu, the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 200 KG/mu, the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 30 KG/mu, and the application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 15 KG/mu;
s2, transplanting rice seedlings and planting: irrigating the soil for planting rice by a water layer, keeping the thickness of the water layer at 4cm, and then transplanting rice seedlings in shallow water;
s3, first season silage management: in the earlier stage of planting rice, seedling raising and transplanting in the field or direct seeding management and field production are carried out, the rice is subsequently fertilized, and the material consumption of the fertilizer is improved by 25 percent compared with that of the conventional planting production;
s4, pest control: reasonably treating the rice in the early stage of rice planting, wherein the main rice pests needing to be controlled by rice pest control are rice planthopper, rice leafhopper, stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice thrips and rice gall midge pests; the rice diseases comprise rice blast, sheath blight, leaf blight, cloud disease, small-particle sclerotinia, false smut, basal rot and sheath rot, the rice diseases are prevented and treated by using medicines, then scientific water is used for preventing and treating deep water flood irrigation, and the field is kept dry;
s5, harvesting in first season silage: in order to ensure the yield of the rice in the regeneration season, harvesting the silage within 14 days after the rice is aligned with the ears, and reserving a pile for 25 cm;
s6, rehydration and topdressing: after ensiling and harvesting, topdressing the rice, applying 5KG urea per mu and 3KG K20 per mu so as to ensure that the rice sprouts normally in the regeneration season;
s7, regeneration season management: after the rice seedlings emerge in the regeneration season, additional tillering fertilizer can be applied according to the situation, ear fertilizer is applied in the later period, and pest control is performed in the field, wherein the main rice pests needing to be controlled by the rice pest control are rice planthopper, rice leafhopper, stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice thrips and rice gall midge pests; the rice diseases comprise rice blast, sheath blight, leaf blight, cloud disease, small-particle sclerotinia rot, false smut, basal rot and leaf sheath putrefaction diseases;
s8, timely harvesting: harvesting the rice after 95% of the rice in the regeneration season is yellow and ripe;
s9, ensiling: cutting silage, fermenting by anaerobic lactobacillus under sealed anoxic condition, and inhibiting reproduction of various bacteria by the anaerobic lactobacillus to obtain silage for feeding animals.
Example three:
s1, pre-fertilizing: applying a base fertilizer to soil for planting rice, wherein the base fertilizer comprises quicklime, an organic fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the application amount of the quicklime in the base fertilizer is 120 KG/mu, the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 250 KG/mu, the application amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 40 KG/mu, and the application amount of the potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 20 KG/mu;
s2, transplanting rice seedlings and planting: irrigating the soil for planting rice by a water layer, keeping the thickness of the water layer at 5cm, and then transplanting rice seedlings in shallow water;
s3, first season silage management: in the early stage of planting rice, seedling raising and transplanting in the field or direct seeding management and field production are carried out, the rice is subsequently fertilized, and the material consumption of the fertilizer is improved by 30 percent compared with that of the conventional planting production;
s4, pest control: reasonably treating the rice in the early stage of rice planting, wherein the main rice pests needing to be controlled by rice pest control are rice planthopper, rice leafhopper, stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice thrips and rice gall midge pests; the rice diseases comprise rice blast, sheath blight, leaf blight, cloud disease, small-grain sclerotinia, false smut, basal rot and leaf sheath rot, the rice diseases are prevented and treated by using the pesticide, then the water is scientifically used for preventing and treating deep water flood irrigation, and the field is kept dry;
s5, harvesting in first season silage: in order to ensure the yield of the rice in the regeneration season, harvesting silage within 14 days after the rice is aligned with ears, and reserving a pile for 30 cm;
s6, rehydration and topdressing: after ensiling and harvesting, topdressing the rice, applying 5KG urea per mu and 3KG K20 per mu so as to ensure that the rice sprouts normally in the regeneration season;
s7, regeneration season management: after the rice seedlings emerge in the regeneration season, additional tillering fertilizer can be applied according to the situation, ear fertilizer is applied in the later period, and pest control is performed in the field, wherein the main rice pests needing to be controlled by the rice pest control are rice planthopper, rice leafhopper, stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice thrips and rice gall midge pests; the rice diseases comprise rice blast, sheath blight, leaf blight, cloud disease, small-particle sclerotinia rot, false smut, basal rot and leaf sheath putrefaction diseases;
s8, timely harvesting: harvesting the rice after 95% of the rice in the regeneration season is yellow and ripe;
s9, ensiling: cutting silage, fermenting by anaerobic lactobacillus under sealed anoxic condition, and inhibiting reproduction of various bacteria by the anaerobic lactobacillus to obtain silage for feeding animals.
The principle and the effect of the invention are as follows: applying base fertilizer to soil for planting rice, wherein the base fertilizer comprises quicklime, organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, then irrigating the soil for planting rice by a water layer, transplanting rice in shallow water, raising seedlings in the field in the early stage of planting rice or performing direct seeding management in the same field, and then applying fertilizer to the rice, wherein the fertilizer consumption is improved by 20-30% compared with that of the conventional planting production, harvesting the upper end of the first-season silage within 14 days after the rice is aligned with ears, keeping piles for 20-30 cm, applying fertilizer to the rice, applying 5KG of pure nitrogen and 3KG of K20 to each mu of rice, so that the rice normally sprouts in the regeneration season, applying additional tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer to the rice in the regeneration season, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in the whole growth period of the rice, applying corresponding pesticide according to the plant diseases and insect pests, harvesting the rice after 95% of the rice in the regeneration season is yellow, and utilizing the weak root system absorption capacity, the soil absorption capacity of the regeneration season, the rice, the soil moisture absorption capacity of the rice in the regeneration season and the rice in the regeneration season, the rice field of the rice are reduced by the rice, and the rice growth period of the rice growth of the rice are improved by the rice growth of the rice growth season, the rice growth of the rice is improved rice growth of the rice growth season, the rice growth of the rice is improved rice growth of the rice is improved by the rice growth of the rice growth, The growth period is short, the accumulation amount of heavy metal cadmium in the rice is low, the taste quality of the rice is superior to that of the rice in one season, the yield of the ratoon rice is improved, and the development of high-quality rice industry is facilitated.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pre-fertilizing: applying base fertilizer to the soil for planting rice, wherein the base fertilizer comprises quicklime, organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
s2, transplanting rice seedlings and planting: carrying out water layer irrigation on the soil for planting the rice, and then carrying out shallow water rice transplanting;
s3, first season silage management: in the early stage of planting the rice, raising seedlings and transplanting in the field or performing direct seeding management and field production, and then fertilizing the rice;
s4, pest control: reasonably treating the rice in the early stage of rice planting, preventing and treating rice diseases by using medicines, then scientifically using water to prevent and treat deep water flood irrigation, and keeping the field dry;
s5, harvesting in first season silage: in order to ensure the yield of rice in the regeneration season, harvesting silage within 14 days after the rice is aligned with ears, and reserving piles for 20-30 cm;
s6, rehydration and topdressing: after ensiling and harvesting, topdressing the rice, applying 5KG to each mu of pure nitrogen and applying 3KG to each mu of K20 so as to ensure that the rice sprouts normally in the regeneration season;
s7, regeneration season management: after the rice seedlings emerge in the regeneration season, additional tillering fertilizer can be applied according to the situation, spike fertilizer can be applied in the later period, and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are well carried out in the field;
s8, timely harvesting: harvesting the rice after 95% of the rice in the regeneration season is yellow and ripe;
s9, ensiling: cutting silage, fermenting by anaerobic lactobacillus under sealed anoxic condition, and inhibiting reproduction of various bacteria by the anaerobic lactobacillus to obtain silage for feeding animals.
2. The planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pure nitrogen is one of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate.
3. The planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of quicklime in the base fertilizer is 80-120 KG/mu, the application amount of organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 150-250 KG/mu, the application amount of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 20-40 KG/mu, and the application amount of potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 10-20 KG/mu.
4. The planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the thickness of the water layer is kept between 3cm and 5 cm.
5. The planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the fertilizer consumption is increased by 20-30% compared with that in conventional planting production.
6. The planting method for reducing the content of heavy metal cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S4 and S7, the main rice pests needing to be controlled by rice pest control are rice planthopper, rice leafhopper, stem borer, cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenee, thrips oryzae and rice gall midge pests; the rice diseases comprise rice blast, sheath blight, leaf blight, cloud disease, small-particle sclerotinia, false smut, basal rot and sheath rot.
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