CN114793725B - Planting and beach repair method for mangrove plant Kandelia candel in low-tide-level beach - Google Patents
Planting and beach repair method for mangrove plant Kandelia candel in low-tide-level beach Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793725B CN114793725B CN202110069212.5A CN202110069212A CN114793725B CN 114793725 B CN114793725 B CN 114793725B CN 202110069212 A CN202110069212 A CN 202110069212A CN 114793725 B CN114793725 B CN 114793725B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/18—Reclamation of land from water or marshes
Abstract
The invention provides a planting and beach repair method of a low-tide-level mangrove plant Kandelia candel, which improves the low-tide-level beach elevation through soil filling measures, controls the elevation to be in the range of 2:00-2.42 meters, controls the components of soil filling mud used for filling soil, and controls the conditions of the muddy hardness of the elevation beach, and the like, thereby obviously improving the survival rate of Kandelia candel mangrove forests; the biological diversity of the beach is improved by controlling the planting density and the light beach retention proportion of the Kandelia candel, and the seabirds can also keep a certain quantity, so that the ecological benefit of the Kandelia candel mangrove forest is further improved, and the beach repair of the low-tide-level muddy beach in the northern area of the Kandelia candel is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and particularly relates to a planting and beach repair method of mangrove plant Kandelia candel in low tide level beach.
Background
The mangrove forest has important and irreplaceable functions in the aspects of wind prevention, wave elimination, dyke fixation, siltation promotion, coastal beautification, biodiversity maintenance, sea area purification, aquatic product quality improvement, coastal zone ecological balance maintenance and the like, and is called as a coastal guard and a kidney of the earth, and has important ecological value.
CN102619192a discloses a method for improving the elevation of a beach to form a suitable forest land of a mangrove, which provides a method for judging the elevation of the target by comparing 3 approaches such as adjacent mangrove, referring to the existing literature or field experimental summary, etc., but the survival rate of the mangrove is closely related to a plurality of indexes of the beach, such as the mud hardness, the mud quality, the insect damage condition, etc., and has a larger relation with the planting condition of the mangrove itself, and the survival rate of the mangrove still cannot be ensured by simply improving the elevation.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an effective method for repairing the beach surface of mangrove forestation sites at low tide level and planting the autumn eggplant mangrove forests so as to realize the establishment of a stable ecological system of the autumn eggplant mangrove forests.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for repairing low-tide-level muddy beach surface of northern areas of mangrove forests in China and planting mangrove plants in Kandelia, which mainly controls the beach elevation through soil filling measures, so that the beach achieves muddy hardness and muddy quality suitable for planting in Kandelia, ensures the average biomass of Kandelia and reduces the occurrence of barnacle insect pests, and simultaneously controls the planting density of Kandelia, thereby controlling the number of seabirds, obviously improving the survival rate of the mangrove forests in the northern areas of mangrove forests in China and realizing the repair of the beach surface of the low-tide-level muddy beach in the northern areas of the mangrove forests in China.
In one aspect, the invention provides a planting method of a mangrove plant Kandelia candel in low tide level beaches, wherein the height of the low tide level beaches for planting Kandelia candel is filled up to 2.00-2.42 meters through filling soil; the filling mud used for filling is as follows: clay and sand content ratio is more than or equal to 1:1; the mud flat is a muddy mud flat or a muddy mud flat.
The elevation of the invention is based on the national 85 elevation.
The low-tide-level mud flat refers to low-tide-level mud flat located in northern areas of mangrove forests in China, and particularly refers to estuary mud flat in southern and northern areas of Qing Bay of Zhejiang river.
A large number of experiments prove that when the low tide level beach elevation is controlled to be 2.00-2.42 meters, the average biomass of the Kandelia candel reaches 129-160g, and compared with the elevation below 2.00 meters, the pest situation of the barnacle is reduced, and the survival rate of the Kandelia candel mangrove is more than 30%. When the beach elevation reaches 2.52 meters, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel is greatly reduced by only 6 percent, which is mainly due to the fact that the Kandelia candel mangrove forest is most suitable for growing on the middle tidal beach through long-term experimental evolution, and the survival rate is rapidly reduced due to drought or the freezing stress of tender buds at the high tide level.
Studies have shown that the survival rate of Kandelia candel mangrove is also related to the average biomass of Kandelia candel, which is too high and too low to be beneficial for Kandelia candel planting. When the beach is at the elevation of 2.00-2.42 m, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel mangrove forest can be obviously improved when the average biomass of Kandelia candel is 120-160 g.
The invention also provides the composition of the filling mud for filling, which has great influence on the preservation rate of the Kandelia candel, and when the filling mud is: when the clay-sand content ratio is more than or equal to 1:1, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel can be further ensured, so that the beach repair of muddy beach is promoted.
Further, the elevation of the low tide level beach for planting Kandelia was filled up to 2.21-2.42 meters.
Researches prove that when the low-tide beach elevation is filled up to 2.21-2.42 meters, the average biomass of the Kandelia candel reaches 150-160g, the pest situation of the barnacles is obviously reduced, and the survival rate of the Kandelia candel mangrove reaches 86-100%.
Further, the beach is preferably a muddy beach.
Further, the hardness requirements of the mud flat are: when the Kandelia candel is planted, the weight of a planting worker is calculated by 75kg and the height is calculated by 170cm, and the depth of the shank of the worker sinking into the silt is not more than 70cm.
In the research process, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel is also related to the mud hardness of the low-tide tidal flat, when the control of the low-tide tidal flat height is 2.00-2.40 m, the hardness of the mud of the tidal flat needs to be controlled, when the Kandelia candel is planted, the weight of a planted worker is calculated by 75kg and the height of the planted worker is 170cm, and the depth of the lower leg of the planted worker sunk into the mud is not more than 70cm. Research shows that when the mud hardness of the beach is low and the Kandelia candel is planted, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel is lower than 14% when workers sink into mud with a depth of more than 70cm.
Further, when planting Kandelia candel, the worker falls into the silt to a depth of not more than 50cm.
When the low tide level mud flat height is controlled to be 2.00-2.42 m, mud hardness of mud flat is required to be kept in a proper range, and when the Kandelia candel is planted, the depth of the worker immersed in the mud is not more than 50cm, so that the survival rate of the Kandelia candel is ensured to be more than 30%.
Further, the planting density of the Kandelia candel is 300-600 plants per mu, and the plant row spacing is 0.5-1m X1-1.5 m.
With proper planting density, mangrove can grow for 5 years and the coverage can reach over 75%. The crown width of the Dimethoate Bay is about 0.3-0.5m according to the density of 200 plants per mu with the lowest density, and the coverage reaches 65%; and the crown width after 20 years reaches 3-5m, the number of plants per mu is 60, and the coverage is more than 95%.
Experiments prove that the preservation rate of mangrove forests with the height of more than 2.00m for 5 years is more than 30 percent. Thus, forestation density recommendations are about 300-600 strains, based on 20 years of storage rate of 10-20%.
Experiments prove that the planting density of the Kandelia candel also affects the preservation rate of the Kandelia candel, and the selection of proper planting density and plant row spacing is beneficial to further improving the survival rate of the Kandelia candel.
Further, the planting density of the Kandelia candel is 300-550 plants per mu or 15-25% of the light beach is reserved.
In order to maintain a proper open space, forestation density of 300-550 plants is suggested.
The method can be used for birds to eat by keeping proper open space, such as 15-25% of the light beach.
If the light spread is too much, the space is not good in view; without the beach, the forest is too dense, reducing the variety of benthos under the forest. Through investigation, the number of seabirds is found to be related to how much of the mud flat remains in the light stand: the light beach is 75-85% coverage and the mangrove coverage reaches the beach of 100%, the more the light spreads, the higher the number of seabirds, but when the coverage of 75-85% of the mangrove forest of Kandelia is reached, the highest biodiversity is achieved, so that the coverage of 75-85% of the mangrove forest of Kandelia is preferably maintained, the highest biodiversity is achieved, and the seabirds can also maintain a certain number.
Thus, the planting density of the Kandelia candel is 300-550 plants per mu or 15-25% of the light beach is reserved.
Further, the beach surface of the beach maintains a slope of 3 degrees to 15 degrees, and 1 groove is reserved every 100 meters; the beach is filled up by sand bags, pine or bamboo wood.
In some embodiments, the beach is filled with soil to fill the elevation, and the sea surface is filled with bamboo piles, and the periphery is filled with sand bags, loose wood or bamboo wood to construct the fence, so that the loss of the filled soil is prevented. The diameter of the bamboo pile is 10cm, the length of the single pile is 4m, and one bamboo pile is driven every 2-3 m. The joint surface of the sand bag and the beach is provided with a bamboo fence, the length of the bamboo fence is 100cm, and the width of the bamboo fence is 80cm.
The proper slope of the beach surface is kept, and 1 irregular groove is kept about 100 meters, so that the water can be conveniently drained after the tide is refunded, and the long-term flooding of the Kandelia candel seedlings after the tide is refunded is reduced to influence the growth.
On the other hand, the invention provides a beach repair method of low-tide-level muddy beaches, which is characterized in that beaches with 2.0 meters lower than the national 85 height are tidied to the height of more than 2.0 meters through soil filling measures, 1 groove is reserved every 100 meters, sand bags, pine or bamboo are filled up by sea surface, and Kandelia candel is planted by adopting the method.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides the use of controlling the elevation of a tidal flat, which is a low tide level muddy tidal flat in northern areas of mangrove in China, in increasing the survival rate of Kandelia, or in reducing barnacle insect pests, said Gao Chengxu being controlled in the range of 2.00-2.42 meters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention improves the elevation of the low tide level mud flat by the soil filling measure, strictly controls the elevation, strictly controls the components of the soil filling mud, the mud hardness of the elevation mud flat and the like, thereby obviously improving the survival rate of the Kandelia mangrove forest; the biological diversity of the beach is improved by controlling the planting density and the light beach retention proportion of the Kandelia candel, and the seabirds can also keep a certain quantity, so that the ecological benefit of the Kandelia candel mangrove forest is further improved, and the beach repair of the low-tide-level muddy beach in the northern area of the Kandelia candel is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the beach fixing in example 1
FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing a method for planting mangrove in example 2
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention without any limitation thereto. The reagents used in this example are all known products and are obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
Example 1 beach repair and fixation of Low-tidal-level muddy beach
The test field of the embodiment is a beach, the beach with the height of 2.0 meters lower than the national 85 height is tidied to the height of more than 2.0 meters by the soil filling measure, and the soil filling mud components of the used soil filling are as follows: clay, sand content ratio is 1:1, clay hardness is calculated by weight of a worker at 75kg and height of 170cm, and depth of the lower leg of the worker sinking into the sludge is not more than 70cm; and keep the proper slope (about 10 degrees) of the beach, keep 1 irregular ditch every 100 meters, can facilitate the drainage after the ebb, reduce and move back the long-term flooding of the autumn eggplant seedling that faces the back and influence the growth. The bamboo piles are driven on the sea surface, and sand bags, loose wood or bamboo wood are adopted on the periphery of the sea surface to construct the fence, so that soil filling loss is prevented. The diameter of the bamboo pile is 10cm, the length of the single pile is 4m, and one bamboo pile is driven every 2-3 m. The joint surface of the sand bag and the beach is provided with a bamboo fence, the length of the bamboo fence is 100cm, and the width of the bamboo fence is 80cm. The cross-sectional structure of the beach fixing is shown in figure 1.
Example 2 Effect of different elevations, biomass and muddy hardness on Kandelia mangrove preservation
In this example, on the basis of example 1, a mangrove forest was planted in Kandelia candel, and a plan view of a mangrove forest planting method is shown in FIG. 2. The area of the adopted mud flat sample is 10m multiplied by 10m, the original planting quantity is 250 plants, the planting time is 5 months in 2018, the preservation condition of the Kandelia candel mangrove forest is investigated in 10 months in 2020, the muddy hardness, the average biomass, the Kandelia candel survival rate and the barnacle pest situation are investigated, wherein the average biomass is detected by digging and sampling Fang Naqiu eggplant 9 plants, drying and weighing, the barnacle pest is detected by a visual inspection method, and the detection results are shown in table 1. Tender damage was investigated after 2021, 1 and 12 days at low temperature.
TABLE 1 influence of different elevations and of the mud hardness on the preservation rate of Kandelia mangrove forests
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the planted Kandelia candel is closely related to the elevation of the low tide level beach, the mud hardness of the beach, the average biomass of the beach and the conditions of barnacle insect attack, when the elevation control of the low tide level beach is within the range of 2.00-2.42 meters, the survival rate of mangrove reaches 29.2% -95.2%, and as the elevation is raised, the survival rate cannot hear the rising trend, and the insect damage is reduced; meanwhile, the mud hardness of the mud flat is kept in the range of 0-50cm of the depth of mud flat by workers when planting Kandelia candel, and the average biomass of Kandelia candel is 129-160g; when the elevation of the low tide level tidal flat is further increased to 2.62 meters, the survival rate of mangrove forest is reduced to 90.4 percent, and the survival rate is seriously affected by the further increase of the elevation, which is mainly due to the fact that the mangrove forest of Kandelia candel is subjected to long-term experimental evolution, the mangrove forest is most suitable for growing on the medium tide beach, and the high tide level is stressed by drought, so that the survival rate is reduced.
Meanwhile, the survival rate of the autumn eggplants is obviously related to the mud hardness of the low-tide tidal flat, and when the control of the low-tide tidal flat height is 2.00-2.42 m, the hardness of the mud of the tidal flat needs to be controlled, and when the autumn eggplants are planted, workers sink into the mud to a depth of not more than 70cm. When mud quality and hardness of the beach are low, and the autumn eggplant is planted, when the depth of workers sunk into the mud is more than 70cm, the survival rate of the autumn eggplant is lower than 14%.
Meanwhile, table 1 also shows that when the low tide level beach elevation is filled up to 2.21-2.42 m, the average biomass of the Kandelia candel reaches 150-160g, the barnacle pest situation is obviously reduced, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel mangrove is optimal, and 86% -100% is reached, so that the low tide level beach elevation is optimal when 2.21-2.42 m. When the elevation is above 2.52, the cold resistance of the Kandelia candel is reduced, and the tender tips are frozen.
EXAMPLE 3 Effect of different purees on Kandelia mangrove growth and preservation Rate
The land of this example is the mud flat of the pustule area in Zhejiang, zheshan, the planting method is composed of 4 kinds of argillaceous substances, the elevation after the arrangement of the mud flat is 2.2 meters, the planting time is 5 months in 2018, the preservation condition of the Kandelia candel mangrove forest is investigated in 10 months in 2019, the influence of the preservation rate and the elevation of the Kandelia candel composed of different argillaceous substances is investigated, the results are shown in Table 2, the results show that the sand loss of the mud surface of sandy soil is serious, the mud surface is lowered after 1 year, the clay quality is raised, the siltation of the mud flat surface is promoted, and the content of soluble nitrogen and organic matter clay is higher than that of the sandy soil.
TABLE 2 effects of different mud properties on Kandelia mangrove growth and preservation Rate
Example 4 Effect of different planting Density on coverage and preservation Rate of Kandelia mangrove forest
The test sites of this example were the beach of Zhejiang province, leqing and Longkong, respectively, the planting method of Kandelia mangrove provided in example 2 was adopted, the area of the beach sample was 10m×10m, the low tide level beach elevation was 2.2 meters, the muddy hardness was 20-30cm deep into the beach mud for the worker when planting Kandelia, respectively, the planting of Kandelia mangrove was carried out with different planting densities, the planting time was 2009, the preservation condition of Kandelia mangrove was investigated in 2019, and the influence of different planting densities on the coverage and preservation rate of Kandelia mangrove was investigated in 10 months, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 coverage and preservation Rate of Kandelia candel mangrove forest with different planting densities and planting costs
As can be seen from Table 3, when the planting density is in the range of 200-600 plants/mu, the coverage of the Kandelia candel mangrove is in the range of 50% -95%, the preservation rate of the Kandelia candel mangrove is obviously improved at this time, and as the planting density of Kandelia candel is obviously influenced by the coverage and preservation rate of the Kandelia candel mangrove, the coverage of the Kandelia candel mangrove is not increased along with the increase of the density, the more afforestation density is increased, the cost of manual investment is increased, the waste is caused, in addition, when the investigation shows that the coverage of the Kandelia candel mangrove is about 75-85%, the biodiversity is the highest, and the seabirds are controlled within a certain amount, so that the planting density is 300-600 plants/mu is more suitable.
Considering the growth of mangrove in the future 20 years, the coverage will be increased continuously, the proper space is reserved for birds to eat, the planting density will be increased continuously, and therefore, 15-25% of the light beach is reserved for seabirds to find food in advance.
Therefore, the planting density is preferably 300-550 plants/mu.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A planting method of mangrove plant Kandelia candel in low tide level beach is characterized in that the elevation of the low tide level beach for planting Kandelia candel is filled up to 2.21-2.42 m by filling soil; the filling mud used for filling is as follows: clay: the sand content ratio is more than or equal to 1:1; the mud flat is a muddy mud flat or a muddy mud flat; the hardness requirements of the mud flat are as follows: when the Kandelia candel is planted, the weight of a planting worker is calculated by 75kg and the height is calculated by 170cm, and the depth of the shank of the worker sinking into the silt is not more than 70cm; the planting density of the Kandelia candel is 300-600 plants per mu, and the plant row spacing is 0.5-1 mX 1-1.5m.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the beach is a muddy beach.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the worker is sunk into the silt to a depth of not more than 50cm when planting Kandelia candel.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said Kandelia candel is planted at a density of 300-550 plants per mu or retains 15-25% of the beach.
5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the beach surface of the beach maintains a slope of 3 degrees to 15 degrees, with 1 groove per 100 meters; the beach is filled up by sand bags, pine or bamboo wood.
6. A method for repairing the beach surface of a low-tide muddy beach, which is characterized in that the beach with the height of 2.0 meters lower than the national 85 height is tidied to the height of more than 2.0 meters by a soil filling measure, the proper slope of the beach surface is kept, 1 groove is kept every 100 meters, sand bags, pine or bamboo are used for filling up by the sea surface, and the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is used for planting the Kandelia.
7. The use of controlling the elevation of the beach, namely the low tide level muddy beach in northern areas of mangrove forests in China, in the aspect of improving the survival rate of the Kandelia or reducing the barnacle insect pests, wherein Gao Chengxu is controlled to be 2.21-2.42 meters; the filling mud used for filling is: clay: the sand content ratio is more than or equal to 1:1; the hardness requirements of the mud flat are as follows: when the Kandelia candel is planted, the weight of a planting worker is calculated by 75kg and the height is calculated by 170cm, and the depth of the shank of the worker sinking into the silt is not more than 70cm; the planting density of the Kandelia candel is 300-600 plants per mu, and the plant row spacing is 0.5-1 mX 1-1.5m.
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