CN114793725A - Planting and beach surface repairing method for low-tide beach mangrove plant Kandelia candel - Google Patents
Planting and beach surface repairing method for low-tide beach mangrove plant Kandelia candel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793725A CN114793725A CN202110069212.5A CN202110069212A CN114793725A CN 114793725 A CN114793725 A CN 114793725A CN 202110069212 A CN202110069212 A CN 202110069212A CN 114793725 A CN114793725 A CN 114793725A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/18—Reclamation of land from water or marshes
Abstract
The invention provides a method for planting a mangrove plant Kandelia candel at a low tide level and repairing a beach surface, which improves the elevation of the low tide level beach by a soil filling measure, controls the elevation to be within the range of 2:00-2.42 m, and controls the components of filling mud used for filling soil, the mud hardness of the beach at the elevation and other conditions, thereby obviously improving the survival rate of a Kandelia candel mangrove forest; and the planting density and the light beach retention proportion of the Kandelia candel are controlled to improve the biological diversity of the beaches, and the seabirds can keep a certain number, so that the ecological benefit of the Kandelia candel forest is further improved, and the beach surface restoration of the low-tide muddy beaches in the northern region of the Chinese mangrove forest is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and particularly relates to a planting and beach surface repairing method for a mangrove plant Kandelia candel at a low tide level.
Background
Mangrove forest has important and irreplaceable effects in the aspects of wind prevention, wave dissipation, dike strengthening, silt promotion, coast beautification, biological diversity maintenance, sea area purification, aquatic product quality improvement, maintenance of ecological balance of coastal zones and the like, is called as coast guard and kidney of the earth, and has important ecological value.
CN102619192A discloses a method for forming a suitable forest land of a mangrove forest by increasing elevation of a tidal flat, which provides that target elevation can be judged by comparing 3 ways of adjacent mangroves, reference existing documents or field experiment summary and the like, but the survival rate of the mangrove forest is closely related to various indexes of the tidal flat, such as mud hardness, mud quality, insect pest situation and the like of the tidal flat, and has a larger relation with the planting situation of the mangrove forest, and the survival rate of the mangrove forest still cannot be ensured by only depending on the increase of elevation.
Therefore, effective methods for repairing the low-tide beach surface of the mangrove afforestation land and planting the Kandelia candel mangrove forest are urgently needed to build a stable brown-bean-containing Kandelia mangrove forest ecological system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for repairing the low-tide-level mud beach surface and planting the Kandelia candel suitable for the northern region of the China mangrove forest.
On one hand, the invention provides a method for planting a mangrove plant Kandelia candel at a low tide level, which fills up the elevation of the low tide level beach for planting the Kandelia candel to 2.00-2.42 meters by filling soil; the filling mud used for filling is as follows: the content ratio of the clay to the sandy soil is more than or equal to 1: 1; the mud flat is a muddy mud flat or a muddy sand mud flat.
The elevation of the invention is based on the national 85 elevation.
The low tide intertidal zone of the invention refers to the low tide intertidal zone in the northern region of mangrove forest, in particular to the estuary intertidal zone in the south of the Leqing Bay of Zhejiang and the northern region of Min.
A large number of experiments prove that when the elevation of the low tide level beach is controlled to be 2.00-2.42 meters, the average biomass of the Kandelia candel reaches 129-160g, and at the moment, compared with the elevation below 2.00 meters, the situation of barnacle insect damage is reduced, and the survival rate of the Kandelia candel mangrove forest is more than 30%. When the elevation of the tidal flat reaches 2.52 meters, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel is greatly reduced to only 6 percent, which is mainly because the Kandelia candel mangrove forest is most suitable for growing in the middle tidal flat after long-term experimental evolution, and the survival rate is rapidly reduced because the high tide is stressed by drought or the tender bud is frozen.
Research proves that the survival rate of the Kandelia candel forest is also related to the average biomass of the Kandelia candel, and the planting of the Kandelia candel is not favored when the average biomass is too high or too low. When the average biomass of Kandelia candel is 160g and the height of the beach is 2.00-2.42 m, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel mangrove can be obviously improved.
The invention also provides the components of the filling mud used for filling, which has great influence on the storage rate of the autumn eggplant, and when the filling mud is: when the content ratio of the clay to the sandy soil is more than or equal to 1:1, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel can be further ensured, and the mud surface repair of the mud flat is promoted.
Further, the elevation of the low tide beach for planting Kandelia candel is filled to 2.21-2.42 m.
Research proves that when the elevation of the low tide level beach is increased to 2.21-2.42 m, the average biomass of Kandelia candel reaches 150-.
Further, the mudflat is preferably a muddy mudflat.
Further, the requirement of the hardness of the mudflat is as follows: when the Kandelia candel is planted, the weight of a planting worker is 75kg, the height of the planting worker is 170cm, and the depth of the lower leg of the planting worker immersed in the sludge is not more than 70 cm.
In the research process, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel is also related to the mud hardness of the low-tide mudflat, when the elevation of the low-tide mudflat is controlled to be 2.00-2.40 meters, the mud hardness of the mudflat is also required to be controlled, when the Kandelia candel is planted, the weight of a planting worker is calculated by 75kg and the height is calculated by 170cm, and the depth of the lower leg of the planting worker immersed in the mud is not more than 70 cm. Research proves that when mud hardness of the mudflat is low and the depth of workers immersed in the mud is more than 70cm when the autumn eggplant is planted, the survival rate of the autumn eggplant is lower than 14%.
Further, when Kandelia candel is planted, workers sink into the sludge to a depth of not more than 50 cm.
When the elevation of the low tide position mud flat is controlled to be 2.00-2.42 meters, the mud hardness of the mud flat is also kept in a proper range, and when the Kandelia candel is planted, workers are sunk into the mud to a depth of not more than 50cm, so that the survival rate of the Kandelia candel is ensured to be more than 30%.
Furthermore, the planting density of the Kandelia candel is 300-600 plants per mu, and the row spacing is 0.5-1m X1-1.5 m.
The planting density is proper, so that the coverage of the mangrove forest can reach over 75 percent after the mangrove forest grows for 5 years. The canopy width of the Loqing bay is about 0.3-0.5m according to the minimum density of 200 plants per mu, and the coverage degree reaches 65%; the crown width after 20 years reaches 3-5m, the number of plants per mu is 60, and the coverage degree reaches more than 95%.
Experiments prove that the 5-year preservation rate of mangrove forest with the elevation of more than 2.00m is more than 30 percent. Therefore, the afforestation density is recommended to be about 300-600 strains in terms of 20-year preservation rate of 10-20%.
Experiments prove that the planting density of the Kandelia candel can also influence the preservation rate of the Kandelia candel, and the selection of the proper planting density and the proper plant spacing is favorable for further improving the survival rate of the Kandelia candel.
Further, the planting density of the Kandelia candel is 300-550 plants per mu or 15-25% of the light beach is reserved.
In order to reserve a suitable open space, the density of the forestation is recommended to be 300-550 strains.
Reserving appropriate open space, such as 15-25% of light beach, for birds to eat.
If the optical stall is kept too much, the space and the landscape are not good; if the beach is not available, the forest is too dense, and the diversity of benthonic organisms under the forest is reduced. Through investigation studies, the number of seabirds is related to how much the beach remains: the beach coverage is 75-85% and the mangrove coverage reaches 100% of the mudflat, the more the light stand, the higher the number of seabirds, but when the coverage reaches 75-85% of the Kandelia mangrove, the highest biological diversity is obtained, so the 75-85% coverage of the Kandelia mangrove is preferably maintained, the highest biological diversity is obtained, and the certain number of seabirds can be maintained.
Therefore, the planting density of the Kandelia candel is 300-550 plants per mu or 15-25% of the beaches are reserved.
Further, the beach surface of the beach keeps a slope of 3-15 degrees, and 1 groove is reserved every 100 meters; and the beach is filled with sand bags and pine or bamboo and wood close to the sea surface.
In some embodiments, the mudflat is filled with soil to achieve high elevation, bamboo piles are arranged on the sea surface, sand bags and pine wood or bamboo wood are arranged on the periphery of the mudflat to achieve enclosure construction, and therefore the filling soil is prevented from losing. The diameter of the bamboo pile is 10cm, the length of the single pile is 4m, and one bamboo pile is driven every 2-3 m. The joint of the sand bag and the beach is provided with a bamboo fence, the length of which is 100cm and the width of which is 80 cm.
The proper slope of the beach surface is kept, 1 irregular groove is reserved for about 100 meters, so that water can be drained after the tide is faded, and the influence of long-term flooding of the autumn eggplant seedlings after the tide is faded back on growth is reduced.
On the other hand, the invention provides a beach surface repairing method for a low-tide-level muddy beach, which is characterized in that the beach with the height of 2.0 meters below the national 85 is finished to the height of more than 2.0 meters through a soil filling measure, a proper slope of the beach surface is maintained, 1 groove is reserved every 100 meters, the sea surface is filled with sandbags and pine or bamboo, and the Kandelia candel is planted by adopting the method.
In another aspect, the invention provides the application of controlling the elevation of the tidal flat in improving the survival rate of the autumn eggplant or reducing the barnacle pests, wherein the elevation needs to be controlled to be 2.00-2.42 meters, and the tidal flat is a low-tide muddy tidal flat in the northern region of the Chinese mangrove forest.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the elevation of the low-tide-level mudflat is improved through a filling measure, the elevation is strictly controlled, the components of filling mud and the mud hardness of the mudflat at the elevation are strictly controlled, and the like, so that the survival rate of the Kandelia candel forest is obviously improved; and the planting density and the light beach retention proportion of the Kandelia candel are controlled to improve the biological diversity of the beaches, and the seabirds can keep a certain number, so that the ecological benefit of the Kandelia candel forest is further improved, and the beach surface restoration of the low-tide muddy beaches in the northern region of the Chinese mangrove forest is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of the beach face fixing in example 1
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the mangrove forest planting method in example 2
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention without limiting it in any way. The reagents used in this example were all known products and were obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
Example 1 repair and fixation of mudflat of low tide level muddy mudflat
The test site of the embodiment is a tidal flat, the tidal flat which is lower than 85 height of the country by 2.0 m is settled to the height of more than 2.0 m through a soil filling measure, and the soil filling mud of the used filling comprises the following components: the ratio of the content of clay to sand is 1:1, the mud hardness is calculated by the weight of a worker in terms of 75kg and the height of the worker in terms of 170cm, and the depth of the shank of the worker immersed in the mud is not more than 70 cm; and a proper slope (about 10 degrees) of the beach surface is kept, 1 irregular groove is reserved every 100 meters, so that water can be drained after the tide is removed, and the influence of long-term flooding of the autumn eggplant seedlings after the tide is removed on growth is reduced. Bamboo piles are arranged on the sea surface, sand bags and pine or bamboo are arranged on the periphery of the sea surface to construct the fence, and the filling loss is prevented. The diameter of the bamboo pile is 10cm, the length of the single pile is 4m, and one bamboo pile is driven every 2-3 m. A bamboo fence is arranged on the joint of the sand bag and the beach, and the bamboo fence is 100cm long and 80cm wide. The cross-sectional structure of the beach face is shown in figure 1.
Example 2 Effect of different elevations, Biomass and mud hardness on the preservation Rate of Kandelia candel
In this example, based on example 1, mangrove planting in Kandelia candel was performed, and a schematic plan view of the mangrove planting method is shown in FIG. 2. The area of the adopted mudflat sample prescription is 10m multiplied by 10m, the original planting quantity is 250 plants, the planting time is 5 months in 2018, the storage condition of the Kandelia candel mangrove forest is investigated in 10 months in 2020, and the mud hardness, the average biomass, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel and the condition of barnacle insect damage are investigated, wherein the detection method of the average biomass is to dig 9 Kandelia l plants in the sample prescription, dry and weigh the Kandelia l plants, the detection method of the barnacle insect damage is a visual detection method, and the detection results are shown in table 1. The tender injury condition was investigated after cold temperature on 12 days 1 month 2021.
TABLE 1 influence of different elevations and mud hardness on the preservation ratio of Kandelia candel forest
As can be seen from the table 1, the survival rate of the planted Kandelia candel is closely related to the elevation of the low-tide mudflat, the mud hardness of the mudflat, the average biomass of the mudflat and the condition of barnacle insect attack, when the elevation of the low-tide mudflat is controlled within the range of 2.00-2.42 meters, the survival rate of the mangrove forest reaches 29.2% -95.2%, and the survival rate cannot be heard to rise along with the rise of the elevation, so that the insect attack harm is reduced; meanwhile, the mud hardness of the mudflat needs to be kept in the range of 0-50cm when the autumn eggplant is planted, the depth of mud is 0-50cm when workers sink into the mudflat, and the average biomass of the autumn eggplant is 129-160 g; when the elevation of the low tide position beach is further increased to 2.62 meters, the survival rate of the mangrove is reduced to 90.4 percent, and the survival rate is seriously influenced by the further increase of the visible elevation, which is mainly because the Kandelia candel mangrove is most suitable for growing in the medium tide position after long-term experimental evolution, and the high tide position is stressed by drought, so that the survival rate is reduced.
Meanwhile, the survival rate of the Kandelia candel is obviously related to the mud hardness of the tidal flat at the low tide level, when the elevation of the tidal flat at the low tide level is controlled to be 2.00-2.42 meters, the mud hardness of the tidal flat is also required to be controlled, and when the Kandelia candel is planted, workers can sink into the mud to a depth of no more than 70 cm. When mud hardness of the mud flat is low and autumn eggplants are planted, when workers sink into mud to a depth of more than 70cm, the survival rate of the autumn eggplants is lower than 14%.
Meanwhile, the table 1 can also prove that when the elevation of the low tide level beach is filled up to 2.21-2.42 m, the average biomass of Kandelia candel reaches 150-. When the elevation is above 2.52, the cold resistance of the Kandelia candel is reduced, and the young shoots are frozen.
Example 3 Effect of different purees on the growth and preservation of Kandelia candel forests
The soil of the embodiment is a mudflat in Putuo area in Zhoushan of Zhejiang province, 4 kinds of mud are respectively selected to form a planting method, the elevation is 2.2 meters after the mudflat is arranged, the planting time is 5 months in 2018, the storage condition of Kandelia candel mangrove forest is investigated in 10 months in 2019, the influence of the storage rate and the elevation of Kandelia candel formed by different mud is investigated, the results are shown in Table 2, the results show that the storage rate is in an ascending trend along with the increase of the content of the mud clay, the coated surface of sandy soil is seriously lost after 1 year, the coated surface is reduced, the clay is increased, the deposition of the mudflat surface is promoted, and the content of soluble nitrogen and organic matter clay are higher than that of the sandy soil.
TABLE 2 influence of different argillaceous substances on the growth and preservation rates of Kandelia candel forest
Example 4 Effect of different planting Density on coverage and preservation of Kandelia candel forests
The test site of this example is the mudflat of leqing and longgang in zhejiang province, the planting method of the kandelia candel mangrove forest provided in example 2 is respectively adopted, the area of the adopted mudflat sample is 10m × 10m, wherein the height of the low tide position mudflat is 2.2 m, the mud hardness is that when kangaroo is planted, workers sink into the depth of mud of the mudflat by 20-30cm, different planting densities are respectively adopted to plant the kangaroo mangrove forest, the planting time is 5 months in 2009, the preservation condition of the kangaroo mangrove forest is investigated in 10 months in 2019, the influence of the different planting densities on the coverage and the preservation rate of the kangaroo mangrove forest is investigated, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 coverage and preservation rates of Kandelia candel forests and planting costs for different planting densities
As can be seen from table 3, when the planting density is in the range of 200-.
Considering that the mangrove forest grows in the next 20 years, the coverage is increased continuously, the proper space for birds to eat is reserved, the planting density is increased continuously, and therefore, about 15-25% of beaches are reserved in advance for sea bird foraging.
Therefore, the planting density is preferably 300-550 plants/mu.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting a low-tide-level mudflat mangrove plant Kandelia candel is characterized in that the elevation of the low-tide-level mudflat for planting the Kandelia candel is filled up to 2.00-2.42 meters by filling soil; the filling mud used for filling is as follows: clay: the sand content ratio is more than or equal to 1: 1; the mud flat is a muddy mud flat or a muddy sand mud flat.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the elevation of the low tidal flat for the planting of Kandelia candel is filled to 2.21-2.42 meters.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mudflat is preferably a muddy mudflat.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the beach hardness requirement is: when the Kandelia candel is planted, the weight of a planting worker is 75kg, the height of the planting worker is 170cm, and the depth of the lower leg of the planting worker immersed in the sludge is not more than 70 cm.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the worker is sunk into the sludge to a depth of not more than 50cm when Kandelia candel is planted.
6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the Kandelia candel is planted at a density of 300-600 Kandelia candel plants per mu, and the row spacing is 0.5-1m X1-1.5 m.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the Kandelia candel is planted at a density of 300-550 plants per mu or 15-25% of the reserved beach.
8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the beach has a beach face that maintains a slope of 3 to 15 degrees, leaving 1 trench per 100 meters; and the height of the mudflat close to the sea surface is filled by sand bags and pine or bamboo.
9. A beach surface repairing method for a muddy beach at a low tide level is characterized in that the beach with the height of 2.0 meters below the national 85 is finished to the height of more than 2.0 meters through a soil filling measure, a proper slope of the beach surface is kept, 1 groove is reserved every 100 meters, a sea-near surface is filled with sandbags, pine or bamboo, and Kandelia candela is planted by adopting the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The application of controlling the elevation of the tidal flat in the aspects of improving the survival rate of the Kandelia candel or reducing the barnacle insect pests, wherein the elevation needs to be controlled to be 2.00-2.42 meters, and the tidal flat is a low-tide-level muddy tidal flat in the northern region of the Chinese mangrove forest.
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Cited By (1)
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