CN114790521A - 一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件，属于金属材料技术领域，该金属部件的工作环境为侵泡于金属熔液中，该金属部件为由碳化钨、碳化钼或碳化硅中一种或多种的组合作为基体制备而成的合金部件，其中，碳化钨、碳化钼或碳化硅中一种或多种的组合的总质量为65％～96％。本发明可以在高温熔体中使用，使用温度高达1000摄氏度；在高温熔体中摩擦磨损性能好，可以作为高温熔体中的耐磨件使用；该金属件在高温下不与金属熔液发生化学侵蚀反应，并有自我修复保护功能。所提供的金属部件可以应用于压射室(筒)、冲头部件、金属模具等直接与高温金属熔体接触的领域，主要应用于铝及铝合金、锌及锌合金、铜及铜合金等金属熔体的生产制造设备中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料技术领域，具体涉及一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件及其制备方法。
背景技术
在压力铸造、金属型铸造等特种铸造生产中，压射室(筒)、冲头部件、金属模具等设备零部件直接与高温金属熔体接触，会导致高温强度、硬度、耐磨性等性能下降，以及高温氧化、热循环疲劳、高温金属熔体侵蚀等一些列问题，大大降低了这些部位零部件的使用性能和使用寿命，显著增加了压力铸造、金属型铸造等特种铸造生产的整体成本及设备维护费用。
经研究发现，在上述这些生产过程中，工作环境中对与金属熔体直接接触的压铸机部件、金属型部件等材料的要求为：具有良好的可锻性和切削性能；高温下具有较高的红硬性、高温强度、高温硬度、抗回火稳定性和冲击韧度；具有良好的导热性和抗热疲劳性；具有足够的高温抗氧化性；膨胀系数小；具有高的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性；具有良好的淬透性和较小的热处理变形率。
鉴于压铸模具所要承受的严苛工作环境，目前我国普遍使用的与金属液接触的压铸机部件、金属型部件等材料主要有：高合金热作模具钢3Cr2W8V、4Cr3Mo3W2V，中合金热作模具钢4Cr3Mo3SiV、4Cr5MoSiV1，低合金热作模具钢5CrNiMo，碳素工具钢T8A、T10A等。然而，随着科技与经济不断发展，压力铸造、金属型铸造等特种铸造生产中急需提高设备零部件的使用性能及寿命，从而降低生产成本、减少设备维护费用。以上传统模具材料已经无法满足现代工业化生产所提出的耐高温、耐磨损、耐金属熔体侵蚀等要求。
专利公开号为CN 103695679 B的专利公开了“一种耐高温腐蚀冲击合金合成工艺”，其特征在于按质量百分比将48％粒度为2.0～3.0μm的碳化钨粉、12.8％粒度为1.20～1.30μm的钴粉、8％粒度为1.20～1.30μm的羰基镍粉混合，研磨6h；然后向研磨后的料浆中加入1.2％粒度为1.0～1.2μm的碳化铬、30％粒度为20～30μm的碳化钨粉，采用可倾式球磨机进行湿磨24h；然后按照通常硬质合金制备工艺将混合料进行压力烧结成形。该合金具有较好的高温冲击韧性、耐磨性及抗高温氧化能力，然而其耐金属熔体侵蚀能力差，无法在侵泡于金属熔液的工作环境中工作，难以满足压力铸造、金属型铸造等特种铸造生产对金属零部件性能的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题，提供了一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件，该金属部件的工作环境为侵泡于金属熔液中，该金属部件为由碳化钨、碳化钼或碳化硅中一种或多种的组合作为基体制备而成的合金部件，其中，碳化钨、碳化钼或碳化硅中一种或多种的组合的总质量为65％～96％。
碳化钨和碳化钼都具有极高的熔点和硬度、良好的热稳定性和机械稳定性、极好的高温抗腐蚀性等特点，并且，经研究发现，碳化钨及碳化钼在高温下与铝及铝合金、锌及锌合金、铜及铜合金等金属熔体不发生反应。这些特性使得它们成为应用于压射室(筒)、冲头部件、金属模具等直接与高温金属熔体接触的优良基体材料。
进一步地，该金属部件中还添加了Co、Ni、Mo、Cr、Al中的一种或多种的组合作为合金粘结剂，粘结剂的总质量为2％～10％。
传统WC-Co粉末冶金材料具有强度及硬度高、耐磨性好、热膨胀系数小、红硬性好、弹性模量高和化学稳定性好等优良的性能，然而，钴是储量有限的战略资源，并且价格昂贵。由于金属Ni、Mo、Cr、Al等在自然界中储存量相对较高，且Ni、Mo、Cr具有比Co更好的化学稳定性。本发明所提供的耐高温耐磨损金属部件中以Co、Ni、Mo、Cr、Al中的一种或多种的组合作为金属粘结相，不仅节约了国家珍惜资源，降低了部件成本，还有望具有优良的抗氧化性能和耐高温腐蚀性能，增加了该金属部件在高温下对金属熔液的抗腐蚀能力。
进一步地，所述合金粘结剂的总质量为4～8％。
进一步地，所述合金粘结剂在该金属部件中的分布形式为由表及里浓度增高的梯度分布，其表面粘结剂浓度为2％～6％，芯部粘结剂浓度为8％～10％。
组合作为粘结剂的总质量为4％～8％。
在金属部件制造过程中，由于金属Co、Ni、Mo、Cr、Al等的特殊晶体结构，它们在球磨过程中经常发生晶体的变形和团聚，这会在烧结时带来微孔，造成部件致密度差；因此，只有采用合适的球磨工艺、烧结方法及烧结制度才能得到高性能的耐高温耐磨损金属部件。并且，使用Co、Ni、Mo、Cr、Al等做金属粘结剂时，耐高温耐磨损金属部件中的碳化钨、碳化钼晶粒容易发生快速长大，必须通过有效选择晶粒抑制剂的种类及添加比例，才能有效抑制这些基体晶粒的快速长大，从而提高部件强度。
进一步地，该金属部件中还添加了TiN、TiC、立方BN、碳纳米管中一种或多种微粉或晶须或纳米管线的组合作为增硬、增韧及晶粒抑制成份，该组合的总质量为0.1％～35％。
进一步地，该金属部件中还添加了0～1％的稀土金属元素。
进一步地，所述金属溶液为铝、铝合金、锌、锌合金、铜、铜合金熔液中的一种。
一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件的制备方法，具体工艺流程为：混料-球磨-干燥-成型-真空烧结-表面处理。
进一步地，在混料时，外加0～8％的有机分散剂和粘接剂，以有利于浆料分散和样品压制过程中成型，并且在混料过程中，将原料按照碳化钨与碳化钼粉、金属粘结剂粉、晶粒长大抑制剂粉、增硬剂、增韧剂顺序依次加入、分阶段球磨；所述球磨过程采用湿式球磨技术，其中溶剂为无水乙醇或者溶剂汽油；所述球磨过程中，碳化钨与碳化钼粉、金属粘结剂粉、晶粒抑制剂粉混合后球磨20～40h，然后加入增硬剂球磨1～2.5h，之后加入增韧剂球磨30～70min。
进一步地，所述烧结过程可以采用热压烧结、热等静压烧结、放电等离子体烧结或中频感应加热烧结等技术；具体的工艺参数为，初压12～40Mpa，升温速率10～350℃/min，烧结温度850～1500℃，保温时间5～25min，保温压力20～70Mpa。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：
1、本发明可以在高温熔体中使用，使用温度高达1000摄氏度；在高温熔体中摩擦磨损性能好，可以作为高温熔体中的耐磨件使用；该金属件在高温下不与金属熔液发生化学侵蚀反应，并有自我修复保护功能。
2、本发明所提供的金属部件可以应用于压射室(筒)、冲头部件、金属模具等直接与高温金属熔体接触的领域，主要应用于铝及铝合金、锌及锌合金、铜及铜合金等金属熔体的生产制造设备中。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实例对本发明提供的耐高温耐磨损金属部件及其制备方法进行详细介绍，本发明的保护范围不受以下实例限制。
本发明提出一种新型高性能WC基硬质合金材料及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述高性能硬质合金材料配方，以WC为基质，以高温化学稳定性优异的金属Mo、Ni和稀土金属中的一种或者多种为粘结剂，以TaC、VC、Cr3C2、NdC、TiC中一种或者多种为晶粒抑制剂，以高硬材料金刚石、立方氮化硼(c-BN)微粉或者表面镀制了一层高温化学稳定性优异的金属Mo、Ni或者稀土金属薄膜的微粉为增硬剂，以为碳纳米管/线、SiC纳米线/棒、TiC纳米线/棒以及表面镀制了一层高温化学稳定性优异的金属Mo、Ni或者稀土金属薄膜的纳米结构材料中的一种或者多种为增韧剂；
所述制备方法，包括如下工艺步骤和内容：
1)称量：按照所述新型WC基硬质合金设计的组成称取原料，并外加0～10％(质量分数)的有机分散剂和粘接剂；
2)混料：将按比例称取的原料WC粉、金属粘结剂粉、晶粒抑制剂粉加入高能搅拌球磨罐中，并按比例加入有机分散剂和粘接剂、WC磨球和无水乙醇溶剂，搅拌球磨24～48h，然后按比例加入增硬剂球磨0.5～2h，再加入增韧剂再球磨20～60min；
3)干燥：在真空干燥箱中，将磨细混匀的浆料在10～100℃、真空度0～-0.33Pa下干燥6～60h；
4)研磨过筛：将烘干的粉料进行研磨，并选用合适孔径的筛子进行过筛；
5)装料：将称量好的原料放入烧结模具中，并压紧；
6)烧结：在放电等离子体烧结炉中或者中频感应加热烧结炉中按照预先设定的烧结制度进行烧结、成型；
7)后处理：经过适当的机加工和抛光、修磨、装备制备得到所需试验样品或者机具。
实施例1：
本发明实施例的新型WC基硬质合金的制造方法和工艺流程如下：
1)称量；按质量分数79％的亚微米WC粉，7％的Mo粉，12％的表面镀Mo金刚石粉，1％的NdC，1％的镀Mo的SiC纳米晶须，以及外加的5％的有机分散剂和粘接剂称取各试剂
2)混料：将称取的原料WC粉、金属粘结剂粉、晶粒抑制剂粉以及有机分散剂和粘接剂加入高能搅拌球磨罐中，并加入10倍质量的WC磨球和5倍质量的无水乙醇溶剂，搅拌球磨48h，然后加入所称取的增硬剂球磨1h，再加入增韧剂再球磨20min；
3)干燥：在真空干燥箱中，将磨细混匀的浆料在40℃、真空度-0.33Pa下干燥30h；
4)研磨过筛：将烘干的粉料用玛瑙研钵研磨，并选用孔径为1mm的筛子进行过筛；
5)装料：将称量好的原料放入Φ20石墨烧结模具中，并用橡胶锤砸紧；
6)烧结：在放电等离子体烧结炉中烧结、成型，初压为10MPa，升温速率180℃/min，烧结温度850℃，保温时间2min，保温压力40MPa；冷却速率750℃以前与升温速率相同，750℃以后采用炉冷；
7)后处理：经过适当的机加工和抛光制备得到所需试验样品。
本实施例所制备的新型WC基硬质合金平均硬度为2800HV(载荷500g，时间20s)，晶粒大小均匀，强度2100MPa以上，断裂韧性16.5MPa·m1/2以上。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，但本发明不以所示限定实施范围，凡是依照本发明的构想所作的改变，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例，仍未超出说明书所涵盖的精神时，均应在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件，其特征在于，该金属部件的工作环境为侵泡于金属熔液中，该金属部件为由碳化钨、碳化钼或碳化硅中一种或多种的组合作为基体制备而成的合金部件，其中，碳化钨、碳化钼或碳化硅中一种或多种的组合的总质量为65％～96％，所述碳化钨、碳化钼合金粉末的粒度为0.2～4μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件，其特征在于，该金属部件中还添加了Co、Ni、Mo、Cr、Al中的一种或多种的组合作为合金粘结剂，粘结剂的总质量为2％～10％，所述Co、Ni、Mo、Cr、Al中的一种或多种的组合的粉末粒度为1～10μm。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件，其特征在于，所述合金粘结剂的总质量为4～8％。
4.根据权利要求2所述一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件，其特征在于，所述合金粘结剂在该金属部件中的分布形式为由表及里浓度增高的梯度分布，其表面粘结剂浓度为2％～6％，芯部粘结剂浓度为8％～10％。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件，其特征在于，该金属部件中还添加了TiN、TiC、立方BN、碳纳米管中一种或多种微粉或晶须或纳米管线的组合作为增硬、增韧及晶粒抑制成份，该组合的总质量为0.1％～35％，所述SiC、TiN、TiC、立方BN中的一种或多种的组合的粉末粒度为0.05～2μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件，其特征在于，该金属部件中还添加了0～1％的稀土金属元素。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件，其特征在于，所述金属溶液为铝、铝合金、锌、锌合金、铜、铜合金熔液中的一种。
8.一种如权利要求1～7中任意一项所述的耐高温耐磨损金属部件的制备方法，其特征在于，具体工艺流程为：混料-球磨-干燥-成型-真空烧结-表面处理。
9.根据权利要求8所述一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件的制备方法，其特征在于，在混料时，外加0～8％的有机分散剂和粘接剂，以有利于浆料分散和样品压制过程中成型，并且在混料过程中，将原料按照碳化钨与碳化钼粉、金属粘结剂粉、晶粒长大抑制剂粉、增硬剂、增韧剂顺序依次加入、分阶段球磨；所述球磨过程采用湿式球磨技术，其中溶剂为无水乙醇或者溶剂汽油；所述球磨过程中，碳化钨与碳化钼粉、金属粘结剂粉、晶粒抑制剂粉混合后球磨20～40h，然后加入增硬剂球磨1～2.5h，之后加入增韧剂球磨30～70min。
10.根据权利要求8所述一种耐高温耐磨损金属部件的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结过程可以采用热压烧结、热等静压烧结、放电等离子体烧结或中频感应加热烧结等技术；具体的工艺参数为，初压12～40Mpa，升温速率10～350℃/min，烧结温度850～1500℃，保温时间5～25min，保温压力20～70Mpa。
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| US20190136353A1 (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2019-05-09 | H.C. Starck Tungsten Gmbh | Carbide with toughness-increasing structure |
| CN109321802A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-12 | 湖南工业大学 | 一种耐高温高耐磨性硬质合金及其制备方法 |
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| CN111893338A (zh) * | 2020-07-11 | 2020-11-06 | 赣州海创钨业有限公司 | 一种梯度硬质合金及其制备方法 |
| CN113770363A (zh) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-10 | 四川科力特硬质合金股份有限公司 | 一种梯度硬质合金砂磨机零部件的制备方法 |
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| CN115612906A (zh) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-01-17 | 株洲坤锐硬质合金有限公司 | 一种碳纳米管-氧化铝改性的硬质合金 |
| CN115612906B (zh) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-09-05 | 株洲坤锐硬质合金有限公司 | 一种碳纳米管-氧化铝改性的硬质合金 |
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