CN114770234A - Laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and machining method - Google Patents
Laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114770234A CN114770234A CN202210369097.8A CN202210369097A CN114770234A CN 114770234 A CN114770234 A CN 114770234A CN 202210369097 A CN202210369097 A CN 202210369097A CN 114770234 A CN114770234 A CN 114770234A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
Abstract
The invention provides a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and a machining method. The composite machining device comprises a machine body, a fixing frame, a workbench, a composite machining main shaft and a servo driving module, wherein the fixing frame is arranged on the machine body, the composite machining main shaft is movably connected to the fixing frame, the workbench is movably connected to the machine body, the servo driving module is used for adjusting the position of the composite machining main shaft relative to the workbench, a laser head is rotatably connected to the composite machining main shaft, and optical path transmission systems are uniformly distributed in multiple directions around the composite machining main shaft. The laser steering driving device is arranged at the tail end of the composite processing main shaft, and can drive the laser head to rotate around the main shaft, so that the laser focusing point is always kept at the front end of the grinding tool, the laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding moving along the four feeding directions of the X axis and the Y axis is realized, and the processing time of a complex processing path is saved while the processing quality is ensured by carrying out zigzag track processing on a workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of special machining, in particular to a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and a machining method.
Background
Ultrasonic-assisted grinding is a method of machining materials by applying ultrasonic frequency of small amplitude vibration to a conventional grinding wheel. The existence of vibration causes the grinding wheel and the workpiece to be intermittently separated, the processing condition of the workpiece is changed by changing the motion mode of the processing tool, and the single grinding action is changed into mechanical grinding action, high-frequency micro-impact action, ultrasonic cavitation action and the like. Ultrasonic vibration assistance can increase the critical depth of cut for a material to transition from a brittle to ductile domain when cutting a brittle material. In the ultrasonic auxiliary grinding process, the high-frequency ultrasonic vibration can generate cavitation and spalling effects, so that the grinding wheel can be prevented from being blocked, and the grinding efficiency is improved.
The laser auxiliary processing uses high-energy laser beams as a heat source to heat a processing area of a workpiece material, so that the temperature of the processing area of the workpiece material is rapidly increased, and the purposes of softening the workpiece material and reducing the hardness and brittleness of a surface layer are achieved. In the laser-assisted grinding process, the brittleness of the material can be reduced by grinding after laser is added, the removal mode of the material is changed, the plasticity removal performance of the workpiece is enhanced, the grinding force can be reduced, the grinding vibration is slowed down, the abrasion degree of a grinding tool is reduced, and the surface quality of the processed workpiece is improved.
Silicon carbide belongs to the third generation semiconductor material, and is widely applied to space optical systems and laser components because of a series of advantages of moderate density, small thermal expansion coefficient, wide band gap, thermal shock resistance, strong radiation resistance and the like. However, since silicon carbide is a hard and brittle material, it is easily brittle and broken during processing, resulting in poor final processing quality. Research shows that when the plane grinding of the silicon carbide material is carried out, the cutting force can be effectively reduced and the processing quality can be improved by adopting ultrasonic auxiliary grinding processing; in addition, in the laser-assisted grinding process of the silicon carbide material, the temperature of the material to be removed is increased, the material is softened, the hardness is reduced by laser-assisted heating, the fluidity of the material is increased, the removal mode of the material is changed from brittle fracture into plastic removal, the processing difficulty of the material is reduced, and the quality of the processed surface is improved.
The processing method has the following defects:
aiming at the laser composite auxiliary grinding of hard and brittle materials (microcrystalline glass, silicon carbide and the like) and composite materials (particle reinforced metal matrix composite, fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite and the like) which are difficult to machine, the existing laser head is only arranged on one side of a main shaft, the machining can be carried out only along one feeding direction, and the machining has limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
In light of the above-mentioned technical problems, a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine and a processing method are provided. The invention can focus the laser in front of the grinding tool, solves the problem of processing in a single feeding direction, realizes high-quality processing and shortens the processing time of a complex path. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
the utility model provides a supplementary grinding lathe of compound supersound of laser, includes lathe bed, mount, workstation, combined machining main shaft and servo drive module, the mount is installed on the lathe bed, the movably connection of combined machining main shaft is in on the mount, ultrasonic auxiliary machining system and laser beam machining system are equipped with on the combined machining main shaft, can realize the supplementary grinding of supersound and the synchronous auxiliary machining of laser, the movably connection of workstation is on the lathe bed, servo drive module is used for adjusting the position of combined machining main shaft for the workstation, the last laser head that is connected with laser beam machining system of rotating of combined machining main shaft, it has the light path transmission system to divide cloth equally to a plurality of directions around the combined machining main shaft, still includes control system, control system is used for controlling the motion of combined machining main shaft, workstation and laser head around the combined machining main shaft, and focusing laser in front of the feeding direction of the grinding wheel at the output end of the composite processing spindle, and performing laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding on the workpiece. During processing, the laser can modify the region of the workpiece to be processed, so that the brittleness of materials can be reduced, the processability of the workpiece can be improved, and the ultrasonic-assisted grinding processing quality can be improved; the ultrasonic auxiliary processing system and the laser processing system are arranged on the same composite processing main shaft, so that synchronous auxiliary grinding of laser and ultrasonic is realized.
Furthermore, the fixed frame comprises a portal frame, a Z-axis servo driving module is mounted on the portal frame, the Z-axis servo driving module is connected with the composite processing spindle and controls the composite processing spindle to move in the Z direction, and an ultrasonic auxiliary processing system and a laser system are mounted at the top of the portal frame.
Furthermore, a Y-axis servo driving module is arranged at the bottom of the lathe bed, connected with the Y-axis platform and used for controlling the Y-axis platform to move in the Y direction, and an X-axis servo driving module is arranged on the Y-axis platform and connected with the workbench and used for controlling the workbench to move in the X direction.
Furthermore, the servo driving module comprises a servo motor, a ball screw and a linear guide rail, and the servo motor is connected with the machine tool control cabinet through a circuit.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic auxiliary processing system comprises an ultrasonic power supply, a spindle motor, an ultrasonic transmission device, an ultrasonic knife handle and a grinding wheel, wherein the ultrasonic power supply is used for generating a high-frequency sine alternating current signal, the spindle motor is used for realizing rotation of the grinding wheel, and the high-frequency sine alternating current signal generated by the ultrasonic power supply is transmitted to the ultrasonic knife handle through the ultrasonic transmission device, so that the grinding wheel generates ultrasonic vibration, and the ultrasonic auxiliary grinding of a workpiece is realized.
Furthermore, the laser processing system comprises an optical fiber laser light source, an optical path steering mechanism, an optical path transmission system, a focusing device and a laser head, wherein the optical fiber laser light source is used for outputting high-intensity laser, the high-intensity laser enters the optical path transmission system through the laser head steering mechanism and is transmitted to the focusing device and the laser head, the high-intensity laser is focused on a workpiece, the workpiece is softened at high temperature, and laser-assisted processing is realized.
Furthermore, the light path steering mechanism comprises a rotating reflector and a rotating motor connected with the rotating reflector, and the rotating motor is used for driving the rotating reflector to steer, so that the laser is reflected to different light paths and is always focused in front of the grinding tool, and the laser auxiliary grinding processing in different feeding directions is realized.
Furthermore, the optical path transmission system is arranged in four directions of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees around the main shaft, the focusing device and the laser head are arranged on a laser steering driving device at the tail end of the composite processing main shaft, and the laser steering driving device comprises a driving motor and a gear adjusting mechanism connected with the driving motor.
The invention also discloses a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and a processing method, which can realize laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding of hard and brittle materials difficult to process and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing the workpiece on the workbench by using a pressing plate clamp and finishing the clamping of the workpiece;
step two: mounting a grinding wheel on an ultrasonic knife handle;
step three: moving the workbench to the position below the composite machining main shaft by driving the Y-axis servo driving module and the X-axis servo driving module, and carrying out tool setting;
step four: adjusting the height of the laser head, and starting the fiber laser light source to focus the laser on the workpiece;
step five: turning on an ultrasonic power supply, and transmitting a signal to the ultrasonic knife handle through an ultrasonic transmission device to enable the grinding wheel to generate axial high-frequency vibration;
step six: starting an ultrasonic machining spindle motor, and driving a grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed through an ultrasonic cutter handle;
step seven: controlling the composite processing main shaft, the workbench and the laser head to move around the composite processing main shaft through a machining program, focusing laser in front of the feeding direction of the grinding wheel, and performing laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding on the workpiece;
step eight: and after the processing is finished, closing the optical fiber laser light source, the ultrasonic power supply and the spindle motor, and taking down the workpiece from the workbench.
Further, in the fifth step, the vibration frequency is 20-25kHz, and the amplitude is 5-10 μm.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the laser head is arranged on the composite processing main shaft through the gear, so that the rotation of the laser head around the composite processing main shaft is realized, the processing in four feeding directions (0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees) can be realized, the high-quality processing of hard and brittle materials which are difficult to process can be realized, and the processing time of a complex processing path is saved while the processing quality is ensured.
2. The Y-axis platform, the workbench, the composite machining spindle and the laser head control motor can realize multi-axis linkage through computer programs.
3. The laser auxiliary grinding device overcomes the limitation that hard and brittle materials which are difficult to machine can only feed in one direction during laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding, laser transmission systems are distributed around the main shaft in four directions (0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees), the laser steering driving device is used for realizing the rotation of the laser head around the machining main shaft, the laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding in the four feeding directions (0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees) can be completed, the workpiece can be machined in a zigzag track, and the machining time of a complex machining path is shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser movement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a process in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of laser and ultrasonic hybrid assisted machining according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of four feeding directions in an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a), (b), (c), and (d) are angles of (0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 °).
In the figure: 1. a bed body; 2. a gantry; 3. compositely processing a main shaft; 31. an ultrasonic assisted machining system; 311. an ultrasonic power supply; 312. a spindle motor; 313. an ultrasonic transmission device; 314. an ultrasonic knife handle; 315. a grinding wheel; 32. a laser processing system; 321. a fiber laser light source; 322. rotating the reflector; 323. a rotating electric machine; 324. an optical path transmission system; 325. a focusing device; 326. a laser head; 4. a Z-axis servo drive module; 5. an X-axis servo drive module; 6. a Y-axis stage; 7. a Y-axis servo drive module; 71. a servo motor; 72. a ball screw; 73. a linear guide rail; 8. a work table; 9. a laser steering drive device; 91. a bull gear; 92. a pinion gear; 93. the motor is driven.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool, which comprises a machine body 1, a fixed frame, a workbench, a composite processing spindle 3 and a servo drive module, wherein the fixed frame is installed on the machine body 1, the composite processing spindle 3 is movably connected to the fixed frame, an ultrasonic auxiliary processing system 31 and a laser processing system 32 are installed on the composite processing spindle, the ultrasonic auxiliary grinding and laser synchronous auxiliary processing can be realized, the workbench 8 is movably connected to the machine body, the servo drive module is used for adjusting the position of the composite processing spindle relative to the workbench, a laser head 326 of the laser processing system 32 is rotatably connected to the composite processing spindle, light path transmission systems 324 are uniformly distributed around the composite processing spindle 3 in multiple directions, and the laser auxiliary grinding machine tool further comprises a control system, and the control system is used for controlling the laser head through the servo drive modules and the ultrasonic auxiliary processing systems, The motor in the laser processing system controls the composite processing main shaft 3, the workbench 8 and the laser head 326 to move around the composite processing main shaft 3, so that laser is focused in front of the feeding direction of the grinding wheel 315 at the output end of the composite processing main shaft, and the workpiece is subjected to laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding.
In this embodiment, the mount includes portal frame 2, the left and right sides at the lathe bed is installed at the both ends of portal frame 2, the movably connection of combined machining main shaft 3 is in the Z axle servo drive module 4 that sets up on the crossbeam part of the specific portal frame on the mount, and Z axle servo drive module 4 is connected and controls its Z direction motion with combined machining main shaft 3, supplementary processing system of supersound and laser instrument system are installed at the 2 tops of portal frame.
As an optional implementation mode, a Y-axis servo driving module 7 is mounted at the bottom of the lathe bed, connected with the Y-axis platform 6 and used for controlling the Y-axis platform to move in the Y direction; an X-axis servo driving module 5 is arranged on the Y-axis platform 6, is connected with the workbench and controls the workbench to move in the X direction, so that the workbench 8 can be movably connected to the bed body; in other optional embodiments, the positions of the X-axis servo drive module and the Y-axis servo drive module are exchanged, and the Y-axis platform is used as the X-axis platform, which can also complete the adjustment of the position of the worktable.
In this embodiment, each of the X-axis servo drive module 7, the Y-axis servo drive module 5, and the Z-axis servo drive module 4 includes a servo motor 71, a ball screw 72, and a linear guide rail 73, the servo motor is connected to the machine tool control cabinet through a circuit, and the servo drive module controls the movement of the Y-axis platform 6, the worktable 8, and the composite processing spindle 3 according to a processing program, so as to achieve plane grinding processing.
As shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic auxiliary processing system adopted in this embodiment includes an ultrasonic power supply 311, a spindle motor 312, an ultrasonic transmission device 313, an ultrasonic tool shank 314, and a grinding wheel 315, where the ultrasonic power supply is configured to generate a high-frequency sinusoidal alternating current signal, the spindle motor 312 is configured to rotate the grinding wheel 315, and the high-frequency sinusoidal alternating current signal generated by the ultrasonic power supply is transmitted to the ultrasonic tool shank 314 through the ultrasonic transmission device 313, so that the grinding wheel 315 generates ultrasonic vibration, and the ultrasonic auxiliary grinding of the workpiece is achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the laser processing system includes an optical fiber laser source 321, an optical path steering mechanism, an optical path transmission system 324, a focusing device 325 and a laser head 326, the optical fiber laser source is used for outputting high-intensity laser, the high-intensity laser enters the optical path transmission system through the optical path steering mechanism and is transmitted to the focusing device and the laser head, the high-intensity laser is focused on a workpiece, the workpiece is softened by high temperature, and laser-assisted processing is realized.
The tail end of the composite processing main shaft is provided with a laser steering driving device 9 which can drive a laser head to rotate around the main shaft, so that a laser focusing point is always kept at the front end of a grinding tool, and laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding which moves along four feeding directions of an X axis and a Y axis is realized. In a preferred embodiment, the optical path steering mechanism includes a rotating mirror 323 and a rotating motor 323 connected thereto, both of which are mounted on the top of the composite processing spindle 3, and the rotating motor is connected to the control system, and is configured to drive the rotating mirror to steer, so that the laser is reflected to different optical paths and always focuses in front of the grinding tool, thereby implementing laser-assisted grinding processing in different feeding directions. Light path transmission system installs 0 around the main shaft, 90 °, 180 °, 270 four directions, can realize the transmission of laser in four directions, and focusing device and laser head are installed at the terminal laser of combined machining main shaft and are turned to drive arrangement 9, laser turns to drive arrangement and include driving motor 93 and the gear adjustment mechanism who links to each other with it, gear adjustment mechanism is including connecting pinion on driving motor and rather than the bull gear of meshing, relies on driving motor 93 drive pinion 92 and bull gear 91 to realize focusing device 325 and the rotation of laser head 326 around combined machining main shaft 3, and then realizes the compound ultrasonic auxiliary grinding of laser on four feeding directions 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 as shown in fig. 6.
The invention also discloses a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and a processing method, which can realize laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding of hard and brittle materials which are difficult to process, and as shown in figures 4 and 5, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing the workpiece on the workbench by using a pressing plate clamp and finishing the clamping of the workpiece;
step two: mounting the grinding wheel on an ultrasonic knife handle;
step three: moving the workbench to the lower part of the composite machining main shaft by driving the Y-axis servo driving module and the X-axis servo driving module to perform tool setting;
step four: adjusting the height of a laser head, starting an optical fiber laser light source, focusing laser on a workpiece, heating a part material, and reducing the hardness of the material;
step five: turning on an ultrasonic power supply, and transmitting a signal to the ultrasonic knife handle through an ultrasonic transmission device to enable the grinding wheel to generate axial high-frequency vibration; in this embodiment, the vibration frequency is 20-25kHz, and the amplitude is 5-10 μm.
Step six: starting an ultrasonic machining spindle motor, and driving a grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed through an ultrasonic tool handle;
step seven: controlling the composite processing main shaft, the workbench and the laser head to move around the composite processing main shaft through a machining program, focusing laser in front of the feeding direction of the grinding wheel, and performing laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding on the workpiece;
step eight: and after the processing is finished, closing the optical fiber laser light source, the ultrasonic power supply and the spindle motor, and taking down the workpiece from the workbench.
The rotary reflector is arranged above the main shaft, and can reflect laser to light paths in four directions (0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees) around the main shaft, meanwhile, the laser steering driving device is arranged at the tail end of the processing main shaft, so that the laser head rotates around the processing main shaft, the laser can be focused in four feeding directions (0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees), the advantage of laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary grinding can be fully utilized, the processing quality is ensured, the processing time of a complex processing path is saved, and the limitation of unidirectional feeding processing is made up.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a compound supersound of laser auxiliary grinding lathe, its characterized in that, including lathe bed, mount, workstation, combined machining main shaft and servo drive module, the mount is installed on the lathe bed, the movably connection of combined machining main shaft is in on the mount, be equipped with supersound auxiliary machining system and laser beam machining system on the combined machining main shaft, can realize the synchronous auxiliary machining of supersound auxiliary grinding and laser, the movably connection of workstation is on the lathe bed, servo drive module is used for adjusting the position of combined machining main shaft for the workstation, it has the laser head of laser beam machining system to rotate to be connected with on the combined machining main shaft, it has light path transmission system to equally divide cloth in a plurality of directions around the combined machining main shaft, still includes control system, control system is used for controlling the motion of combined machining main shaft, workstation and laser head around the combined machining main shaft, and focusing laser in front of the feeding direction of the grinding wheel at the output end of the composite processing spindle, and performing laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding on the workpiece.
2. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixed frame comprises a portal frame, a Z-axis servo driving module is mounted on the portal frame, the Z-axis servo driving module is connected with the composite processing spindle and controls the Z-direction movement of the composite processing spindle, and an ultrasonic auxiliary processing system and a laser system are mounted at the top of the portal frame.
3. The composite laser ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein a Y-axis servo driving module is mounted at the bottom of the machine body, connected with the Y-axis platform and used for controlling the Y-axis platform to move in the Y direction, and an X-axis servo driving module is mounted on the Y-axis platform, connected with the workbench and used for controlling the workbench to move in the X direction.
4. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the servo drive module comprises a servo motor, a ball screw and a linear guide rail, and the servo motor is connected with a machine tool control cabinet through a circuit.
5. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic auxiliary processing system comprises an ultrasonic power supply, a spindle motor, an ultrasonic transmission device, an ultrasonic tool shank and a grinding wheel, the ultrasonic power supply is used for generating a high-frequency sine alternating current signal, the spindle motor is used for realizing the rotation of the grinding wheel, the high-frequency sine alternating current signal generated by the ultrasonic power supply is transmitted to the ultrasonic tool shank through the ultrasonic transmission device, so that the grinding wheel generates ultrasonic vibration, and the ultrasonic auxiliary grinding of a workpiece is realized.
6. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser processing system comprises an optical fiber laser light source, an optical path steering mechanism, the optical path transmission system, a focusing device and a laser head, the optical fiber laser light source is used for outputting high-intensity laser, the high-intensity laser enters the optical path transmission system through the laser head steering mechanism and is transmitted to the focusing device and the laser head, the high-intensity laser is focused on a workpiece, and the workpiece is softened by high temperature, so that laser auxiliary processing is realized.
7. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool as claimed in claim 6, wherein the light path steering mechanism comprises a rotary reflecting mirror and a rotary motor connected with the rotary reflecting mirror, and the rotary motor is used for driving the rotary reflecting mirror to steer, so that the laser is reflected to different light paths and is always focused in front of the grinding tool, and laser auxiliary grinding processing in different feeding directions is realized.
8. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool as claimed in claim 6, wherein the optical path transmission system is installed around the main shaft in four directions of 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °, the focusing device and the laser head are installed on a laser steering driving device at the end of the composite processing main shaft, and the laser steering driving device comprises a driving motor and a gear adjusting mechanism connected with the driving motor.
9. The processing method of the laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: fixing the workpiece on the workbench by using a pressing plate clamp and finishing the clamping of the workpiece;
step two: mounting a grinding wheel on an ultrasonic knife handle;
step three: moving the workbench to the lower part of the composite machining main shaft by driving the Y-axis servo driving module and the X-axis servo driving module to perform tool setting;
step four: adjusting the height of the laser head, and starting the fiber laser light source to focus the laser on the workpiece;
step five: turning on an ultrasonic power supply, and transmitting a signal to the ultrasonic knife handle through an ultrasonic transmission device to enable the grinding wheel to generate axial high-frequency vibration;
step six: starting an ultrasonic machining spindle motor, and driving a grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed through an ultrasonic cutter handle;
step seven: controlling the composite processing main shaft, the workbench and the laser head to move around the composite processing main shaft through a machining program, so that laser is focused in front of the feeding direction of the grinding wheel, and the workpiece is subjected to laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding;
step eight: and after the processing is finished, closing the optical fiber laser light source, the ultrasonic power supply and the spindle motor, and taking down the workpiece from the workbench.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the fifth step, the vibration frequency is 20-25kHz and the amplitude is 5-10 μm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115198084A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-18 | 江苏大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted laser shot blasting composite strengthening device and method |
| CN115283996A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-04 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Laser and multi-frequency-band vibration grinding and polishing coaxial composite processing system and processing method |
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