CN114766221A - Economical cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba - Google Patents
Economical cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba Download PDFInfo
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- CN114766221A CN114766221A CN202210330300.0A CN202210330300A CN114766221A CN 114766221 A CN114766221 A CN 114766221A CN 202210330300 A CN202210330300 A CN 202210330300A CN 114766221 A CN114766221 A CN 114766221A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saving type cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba, which comprises the following operation steps: (1) selecting a proper environment as a planting field according to the habit of the litsea cubeba; (2) topping and shaping in the first year of planting, applying a compound fertilizer, topping and shaping again when newly germinated shoots on the trunk grow to 4-5.5 cm, applying the compound fertilizer, and repeating the topping operation for 1-2 times; (3) grafting, wherein the grafting scion is from an adult male litsea cubeba, and the grafting stock is a branch at the upper part of a female litsea cubeba; (4) trimming and shaping the grafted male branches to enable the grafted male branches to grow vertically upwards; (5) other field management is the same as the conventional operation. According to the invention, the male litsea cubeba branches are grafted on the female plants, so that the planting quantity of the male plants is reduced, the planting space is saved, the economic benefit is improved, the pollination efficiency is greatly improved, the yield is further improved, and the pollination requirements of the female litsea cubeba in different flowering stages are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a saving type cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba.
Background
The litsea cubeba is also called litsea cubeba, saffron, bay leaves and litsea cubeba, is one of the Chinese spice plant resources, and the flowers, the leaves and the pulp can be steamed to extract aromatic oil. The fruit is ripe and then distilled by water vapor to obtain light yellow transparent volatile aromatic oil which is commonly called litsea cubeba oil. 2-3.5 kg of oil can be produced from 50kg of fresh litsea cubeba. It is an important raw material for extracting citral, which is a main raw material for preparing special essence, ionone, methyl ionone and alpha vitamin, and is used in cosmetic crystal, food and medicine industries. The annual output of litsea cubeba oil in China reaches more than 2000 tons, the litsea cubeba oil is the largest producing country and export country in the world, the annual output reaches about 3500 tons, and the products are sold in America, Japan, English, French, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands and other countries, and are reputed at home and abroad.
At present, the litsea cubeba is planted mainly by adopting a method of planting female plants and male plants in a matching way. The male plants are mainly used for pollination, the result quantity is low, but a large amount of area is occupied, and the economic benefit is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the flowering season of the litsea cubeba is 2-3 months, so that long-time overcast and rainy days often occur, and pollination among the litsea cubeba is seriously influenced. Therefore, how to develop an economical cultivation method capable of promoting high yield of the litsea cubeba becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the production link of the litsea cubeba.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a saving type cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba, thereby overcoming the defects of low litsea cubeba planting yield, low economic benefit and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a conservation-oriented cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting a proper environment as a planting field according to the habit of the litsea cubeba, preparing soil, digging holes, planting and the like before planting according to the same convention, and completely selecting female litsea cubeba seedlings as planting seedlings;
(2) topping and shaping seedlings when the seedlings are planted in the first year and the heights are 48-55 cm, then applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, topping and shaping again when newly-germinated tips on the trunk grow to 4-5.5 cm, then applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and subsequently repeating the topping operation for 1-2 times;
(3) grafting the litsea cubeba seedlings shaped in the step (2), wherein the grafting time is 2-3 months in spring, the grafting scions come from adult male litsea cubeba plants, the grafting rootstocks are branches at the upper part of female litsea cubeba, the grafted scions are divided into 3 types of early maturity, middle maturity and late maturity according to early stage marks, and the repeated sequencing is carried out according to the sequence of 'early-middle-late' during grafting;
(4) subsequently, pruning and shaping the grafted male branches to enable the grafted male branches to grow vertically upwards;
(5) other field management is the same as the conventional operation.
Preferably, each plant in step (2) is subjected to nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer.
Preferably, grafting the litsea cubeba seedlings shaped in the step (2) according to the ratio of 9:1 in the step (3); the grafting method is T-shaped bud grafting.
Preferably, the grafting density of the scion in the step (3) is 1 plant grafted with 1-2 branches of male branches.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the male litsea cubeba branches are grafted on the female plants, so that the planting quantity of the male plants is reduced, the planting space is saved, and the economic benefit is improved;
(2) according to the invention, the male litsea cubeba branch is grafted on the female plant and is positioned at the upper part of the female branch, so that the pollination efficiency is greatly improved, and the yield is further improved;
(3) according to the invention, the male litsea cubeba branches are grafted on female plants at different intervals according to the mature period, so that the pollination requirements of the female litsea cubeba at different flowering periods are met.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is to be read in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. The raw materials and reagents used in the examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified. The litsea cubeba is locally collected in Guilin or locally bred seeds.
Example 1
A saving type cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting a proper environment as a planting field according to the habit of the litsea cubeba, preparing soil, digging holes, planting and the like before planting according to the same convention, and completely selecting female litsea cubeba seedlings as planting seedlings;
(2) topping and shaping when the seedlings are planted in the first year and the height is about 50cm, and then applying nitrogen to each plant: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, topping again and shaping when newly germinated shoots on the trunk grow to 5cm, and then applying nitrogen to each plant: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, and subsequently repeating the topping operation for 2 times;
(3) grafting the litsea cubeba seedlings shaped in the step (2) according to a ratio of 9:1, namely grafting 1 female litsea cubeba in 9 female litsea cubeba, wherein the grafting time is 3 months in spring, the grafting method is T-shaped bud grafting, the grafting scion is from an adult male litsea cubeba, the grafting stock is a branch at the upper part of the female litsea cubeba, taking 3 early, middle and late litsea cubeba varieties as scions, prolonging the flowering time of male flowers, the grafted scion is divided into 3 early, middle and late maturing according to early marking, repeatedly sequencing is carried out according to the sequence of early, middle and late during grafting, and only 1-2 male branches are grafted on 1 plant;
(4) subsequently, pruning and shaping the grafted male branches to enable the grafted male branches to grow vertically upwards;
(5) other field management is the same as the conventional operation.
Example 2
A saving type cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting a proper environment as a planting field according to the habit of the litsea cubeba, preparing soil, digging holes, planting and the like before planting according to the same convention, and completely selecting female litsea cubeba seedlings as planting seedlings;
(2) topping and shaping when the seedlings are planted in the first year and the height is about 50cm, and then applying nitrogen to each plant: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, topping again and shaping when newly germinated shoots on the trunk grow to 5cm, and then applying nitrogen to each plant: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, and subsequently repeating the topping operation for 1 time;
(3) grafting the litsea cubeba seedlings shaped in the step (2) according to a ratio of 9:1, namely grafting 1 female litsea cubeba in 9 female litsea cubeba, wherein the grafting time is 3 months in spring, the grafting method is T-shaped bud grafting, the grafting scion is from an adult male litsea cubeba, the grafting stock is a branch at the upper part of the female litsea cubeba, taking 3 varieties of the litsea cubeba, namely early, middle and late as the scion, prolonging the flowering time of male flowers, dividing the grafted scion into 3 varieties of early maturity, middle maturity and late maturity according to early-stage marks, repeatedly sequencing according to the sequence of 'early-middle-late' during grafting, and grafting 1 plant with 1-2 male branches;
(4) subsequently, pruning and shaping the grafted male branches to enable the grafted male branches to grow vertically upwards;
(5) other field management is the same as the conventional operation.
Example 3
A saving type cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting a proper environment as a planting field according to the habit of the litsea cubeba, preparing soil, digging holes, planting and the like before planting according to the same convention, and completely selecting female litsea cubeba seedlings as planting seedlings;
(2) topping and shaping when the seedlings are planted in the first year and the height is about 50cm, and then applying nitrogen to each plant: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, topping again and shaping when newly germinated shoots on the trunk grow to 5cm, then applying nitrogen to each plant: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer, and subsequently repeating the topping operation for 2 times;
(3) grafting the litsea cubeba seedlings shaped in the step (2) according to a ratio of 9:1, namely grafting 1 female litsea cubeba in 9 female litsea cubeba, wherein the grafting time is 2 months in spring, the grafting method is T-shaped bud grafting, the grafting scion is from an adult male litsea cubeba, the grafting stock is a branch at the upper part of the female litsea cubeba, taking 3 varieties of the litsea cubeba, namely early, middle and late as the scion, prolonging the flowering time of male flowers, dividing the grafted scion into 3 varieties of early maturity, middle maturity and late maturity according to early-stage marks, repeatedly sequencing according to the sequence of 'early-middle-late' during grafting, and grafting 1 plant with 1-2 male branches;
(4) subsequently, pruning and shaping the grafted male branches to enable the grafted male branches to grow vertically upwards;
(5) other field management is the same as the conventional operation.
Comparative example 1
In the step (3), the litsea cubeba seedlings shaped in the step (2) are grafted according to the proportion of 5:1, 10:1 and 15:1 respectively, and the rest of the operation is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
The female flower fruiting rate of the first flowering after grafting of example 1 and comparative example 1 was counted, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Grafting proportion | Percentage of female flowers bearing |
| 5:1 (comparative example 1) | 100 |
| 9:1 (example 1) | 100 |
| 10:1 (comparative example 1) | 95 |
| 15:1 (comparative example 1) | 90 |
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A conservation-oriented cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) selecting a proper environment as a planting field according to the habit of the litsea cubeba, preparing soil, digging holes and planting before planting, and completely selecting female litsea cubeba seedlings as planting seedlings;
(2) topping and shaping seedlings at the height of 48-55 cm in the first year, applying a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, topping and shaping again when newly-germinated shoots on a trunk grow to 4-5.5 cm, applying a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and repeating the topping operation for 1-2 times;
(3) grafting the litsea cubeba seedlings shaped in the step (2), wherein the grafting time is 2-3 months in spring, the grafting scions come from adult male litsea cubeba plants, the grafting rootstocks are branches at the upper part of female litsea cubeba, the grafted scions are divided into 3 types of early maturity, middle maturity and late maturity according to early stage marks, and the repeated sequencing is carried out according to the sequence of 'early-middle-late' during grafting;
(4) trimming and shaping the grafted male branches to enable the grafted male branches to grow vertically upwards;
(5) other field management is the same as the conventional operation.
2. The economical cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (2), nitrogen is applied to each plant: phosphorus: potassium 15: :15: 15 g of compound fertilizer.
3. The economical cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba according to claim 1, characterized in that: grafting the litsea cubeba seedlings shaped in the step (2) according to the ratio of 9:1 in the step (3); the grafting method is T-shaped bud grafting.
4. The economical cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the grafting density of the scion is 1 plant and only 1-2 branches of male branches are grafted.
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| CN202210330300.0A CN114766221A (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Economical cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba |
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| CN202210330300.0A CN114766221A (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Economical cultivation method for promoting high yield of litsea cubeba |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585016A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-06 | 张淑芹 | Method for promoting torreya grandis to be naturally pollinated |
| CN107318481A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-07 | 叶集区鑫隆果业有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of promotion Kiwi berry spontaneous pollination |
| CN107333571A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree engrafting method |
| CN111418368A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-07-17 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Method for grafting male idesia polycarpa into female idesia polycarpa and application of method |
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- 2022-03-28 CN CN202210330300.0A patent/CN114766221A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585016A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-06 | 张淑芹 | Method for promoting torreya grandis to be naturally pollinated |
| CN107318481A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-07 | 叶集区鑫隆果业有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of promotion Kiwi berry spontaneous pollination |
| CN107333571A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-10 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree engrafting method |
| CN111418368A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-07-17 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Method for grafting male idesia polycarpa into female idesia polycarpa and application of method |
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