CN110692478B - Cigar tobacco cultivation method for one-plant production of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant-cored tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Cigar tobacco cultivation method for one-plant production of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant-cored tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cigar tobacco cultivation method for producing same-strain eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and cigar-core tobacco leaves, which belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting and comprises the following steps: preparing cigar tobacco variety seeds; seedling raising, tobacco plant transplanting and fertilizing in an environment with illumination intensity of 70% of natural light, wherein the fertilizing amount is between that required by only cultivating eggplant and that required by only cultivating eggplant core; after transplanting, when the dark green of the bottom leaves subsides, the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves at the bottom begin to be picked, the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves are picked from bottom to top in sequence, and the top is not dug after the buds of the tobacco plants appear; after the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves are picked, topping tobacco plants, increasing the illumination intensity of the environment, increasing the illumination intensity to 100% of natural light, and starting to pick the tobacco leaves when the upper eggplant core tobacco leaves turn white; the tobacco leaves of the eggplant coat produced by the method for cultivating the cigar tobacco are complete and fine and smooth in tissue, and the cigar evaluation style of the produced cigar core tobacco is outstanding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a cigar tobacco cultivation method for co-production of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant core tobacco leaves.
Background
The cigar is a high-grade tobacco product, and with the improvement of the living standard of people in China, the annual average consumption of the cigar is increased by more than 40 percent in recent years. The rolled cigar needs three tobacco leaf raw materials of a cigar core, a cigar sleeve and a cigar coat, wherein the quality requirement of the cigar coat tobacco leaf is extremely high, the cigar coat tobacco leaf mainly depends on import at home, and the international high-end tobacco leaf is difficult to be imported, so that the development of the cigar industry in China is limited.
At present, the production trial work of cigar coat tobacco leaf raw materials is developed in part of domestic production areas, and some progress is made, for example, the application numbers are as follows: CN201010269800.5, a method for cultivating cigar wrapper tobacco leaves: sowing seeds, transplanting tobacco seedlings, topping when the tobacco seedlings grow to be flower axis emergence, and harvesting according to parts after tobacco leaves are properly ripe; the method only prepares the outer wrapper tobacco leaves, so the eggplant core tobacco leaves need to be prepared additionally.
The cigar coat tobacco leaves require complete, soft and fine leaves, the cigar core tobacco leaves generally require outstanding cigar style characteristics, high-quality cigar coat tobacco leaves are generally produced at the middle lower part of a tobacco plant, the quality and the output proportion of the cigar coat tobacco leaves produced at the middle lower part can be ensured according to the cigar coat tobacco leaf cultivation technology (shading and no topping), the residual upper tobacco leaves and the top tobacco leaves are influenced by the cultivation technology, the style characteristics of the cigar tobacco leaves are not outstanding enough, the usability of the cigar core tobacco leaves is not high, the output ratio is reduced, the cigar tobacco leaf production cost is increased, and the treatment cost unsuitable for the tobacco leaves is increased; according to the eggplant core cultivation technology (shading is avoided, topping is achieved, fertilization is different from eggplant coats), the style characteristics of cigars produced by tobacco leaves can be guaranteed, but high-quality eggplant coat tobacco leaves are difficult to produce, so that the tobacco leaves at the middle and lower parts are large in thickness, the selection proportion of the eggplant coat tobacco leaves is low, the nicotine content of the tobacco leaves is high, the economic benefit of cigar tobacco leaf production is low, and replacement of imported tobacco leaves is difficult to achieve. Therefore, it is difficult to simultaneously produce high-quality eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant-cored tobacco leaves on the same tobacco plant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that high-quality cigar wrapper tobacco leaves and high-quality cigar core tobacco leaves are difficult to be produced simultaneously on the same tobacco plant, and waste is caused.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cigar tobacco cultivation method for the same-plant production of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant-cored tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing seeds of a suitable cigar variety;
s2: seedling raising and tobacco plant transplanting in an environment with illumination intensity of 70% natural light, and applying fertilizer in the transplanting process, wherein the fertilizer application amount is between the fertilizer application amount required by only culturing eggplant coats and the fertilizer application amount required by only culturing eggplant cores;
s3: after transplanting, when the dark green of the bottom leaves fades, beginning to collect the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves at the bottom, collecting 3-4 pieces of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves each time, wherein the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves are picked from bottom to top in sequence at intervals of 5-8 days each time, only collecting the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves at the middle part and the lower part of a tobacco plant, airing the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves in time according to an eggplant-coated tobacco leaf airing method, and not topping the tobacco plants after budding;
s4: after the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves are picked, topping the tobacco plants, increasing the illumination intensity of the environment, increasing the illumination intensity to 100% of natural light, starting to pick the eggplant core tobacco leaves when the upper eggplant core tobacco leaves turn white, airing according to the method for airing the eggplant core tobacco leaves, and picking the eggplant core tobacco leaves from the upper parts to the tops in sequence.
Further, the cigar tobacco cultivation method further comprises the step of S5: after the eggplant core tobacco leaves are picked, additional fertilization is carried out, a tobacco branch is cultivated on the tobacco plant, the top is cut when the leaves on the tobacco branch grow to 5-7 effective leaves, and the branch tobacco can be picked leaf by leaf or cut once after being mature.
Further, the cigar tobacco cultivation method further comprises the step of S6: repeating the step S52-3 times.
Further, in the step S4, when the tobacco is harvested to the top of the tobacco plant and only 4-5 pieces of eggplant core tobacco leaves are left at the top, the tobacco can be cut and harvested with stems at one time.
Further limiting, in step S2, a rooting fertilizer is applied when the tobacco plants are transplanted.
Further limiting, in the step S2, the environment with the illumination intensity of 70% of natural light is formed by building a sunshade in the open air, and the height of the sunshade is 45-55 cm higher than that of the tobacco plant; the method of increasing the light intensity to 100% of the natural light in step S4 is to remove the sunshade.
Further defined, the sunshade is a white or blue shade net.
Further, each time interval in step S3 is 6 days.
Further, the tobacco variety in step S1 is chuanxue No. 1 or chuanxue No. 2.
Further limiting, in the fertilizing process in the step S2, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 1:0.5:1, the plant spacing of the transplanted tobacco plants is 90cm multiplied by 50cm, the seedling raising mode is floating seedling raising, and the transplanting mode is seedling transplanting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cigar wrapper tobacco leaves produced by the cigar tobacco cultivation method are complete in leaf and fine and smooth in tissue, the cigar evaluation style characteristics of the produced cigar core tobacco leaves are outstanding, the inapplicability of upper tobacco leaves or lower tobacco leaves is avoided, the output ratio is increased, the raw material cost of cigars and the processing amount of the inapplicable tobacco leaves are reduced, the cost is reduced, and the cigar tobacco production benefit is improved.
The method for cultivating the cigar tobacco is used for controlling the maturity time of the tobacco leaves on tobacco plants by respectively controlling the illumination intensity, the topping time and the fertilizing amount in the transplanting process in the process of producing the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and the process of producing the eggplant core tobacco leaves, thereby achieving the purposes of controlling the integrity and the fine degree of tissues of the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and the synthesis and the synthetic amount of effective components with flavor characteristics in the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves.
In the fertilizing process in the step S2, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 1:0.5:1, the plant spacing of the transplanted tobacco plants is 90cm multiplied by 50cm, the seedling raising mode is floating seedling raising, and the transplanting mode is seedling transplanting; the obtained eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant core tobacco leaves have better performance.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Step one, building a shade shed in the field, wherein the shed frame is of a bamboo-wood structure and is provided with a white net, the height of the shade shed is 3m, and the periphery of the shade shed is shaded;
secondly, selecting the superior cigar variety Chuanxue No. 2 (selected from the Guba variety havana 92), and applying pure nitrogen 180kg/hm2(the fertilizer amount for producing eggplant core is 150kg/hm2The production of eggplant is 240kg/hm2) The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5: 1. The seedling culture mode is floating seedling culture, the transplanting mode is well cellar type transplanting, and the row spacing is 90cm multiplied by 50 cm;
thirdly, harvesting when the dark green of the lower leaves subsides 45 days after transplanting, harvesting 3-4 pieces each time, airing according to the cigar coat leaf airing technology, and enabling the tobacco plants to bud 50 days after transplanting but not removing the top flowers of the tobacco plants;
fourthly, after 8 th harvesting, topping tobacco plants (removing flower buds and small leaves at the top), and removing a field shading net; and 7 days after topping, harvesting upper leaves after the tobacco leaves are whitened, cutting and harvesting 4 top leaves with stems at one time, and modulating according to the eggplant core tobacco leaf air-curing technology.
Fifthly, after the top leaves are harvested, cultivating a tobacco branch on the tobacco plant, topping the tobacco branch when the tobacco branch leaves grow to 5-7 effective leaves, and harvesting the branch tobacco leaves one by one after the branch tobacco is mature.
Table 1 comparison of the quality of the lower leaf obtained in example 1 with that of a control tobacco leaf; wherein: control 1 is the method of culturing eggplant-coated tobacco leaves in the whole growth period (without topping, shading, fertilizer consumption of 300 kg/hm)2) Reference 2 is the method of culturing eggplant core tobacco leaves in the whole growth period (top-cutting, without shading, fertilizer consumption 100 kg/hm)2)。
TABLE 1 comparison of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves
TABLE 2 comparative results for eggplant core tobacco leaves
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the tobacco plants obtained by the cultivation in example 1 have the same nicotine content, leaf thickness and eggplant leaf yield as those of the tobacco plants produced by comparison 1, but the fertilizer application amount is obviously reduced, so that the cost of raw materials of cigars is reduced, the phenomenon of lodging of the tobacco plants caused by excessive fertilizer application in the later period is avoided, the land for planting the tobacco plants is reduced, and the cigar style degree and the smoking quality score of the eggplant core tobacco leaves produced by the tobacco plants are obviously better; compared with the control 2, the nicotine content, leaf thickness and eggplant yield of the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves produced by the tobacco plants are obviously superior, the cigar style degree and the quality score of smoking evaluation of the eggplant-core tobacco leaves produced by the tobacco plants are equivalent, but the nicotine content of the eggplant-core tobacco leaves is obviously reduced, which is beneficial to the health of smokers.
The invention is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and any other various forms of products can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in shape or structure thereof, which fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cigar tobacco cultivation method for the same-plant production of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant-cored tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing cigar tobacco variety seeds;
s2: seedling raising and tobacco plant transplanting are carried out in the environment with the illumination intensity of 70% of natural light, root setting fertilizer is applied during tobacco plant transplanting, and the fertilizing amount is between the fertilizing amount required by only cultivating the eggplant coats and the fertilizing amount required by only cultivating the eggplant cores;
s3: after transplanting, when the dark green of the bottom leaves fades, beginning to collect the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves at the bottom, collecting 3-4 pieces of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves each time, wherein the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves are picked from bottom to top in sequence at intervals of 5-8 days each time, only collecting the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves at the middle part and the lower part of a tobacco plant, airing the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves in time according to an eggplant-coated tobacco leaf airing method, and not topping the tobacco plants after budding;
s4: after the eggplant-coated tobacco leaves are picked, topping the tobacco plants, increasing the illumination intensity of the environment, increasing the illumination intensity to 100% of natural light, starting to pick the eggplant core tobacco leaves when the upper eggplant core tobacco leaves turn white, airing according to the method for airing the eggplant core tobacco leaves, and picking the eggplant core tobacco leaves from the upper parts to the tops in sequence.
2. The cigar tobacco cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising step S5: after the eggplant core tobacco leaves are picked, additional fertilization is carried out, a tobacco branch is cultivated on the tobacco plant, the top is cut when the leaves on the tobacco branch grow to 5-7 effective leaves, and the branch tobacco can be picked leaf by leaf or cut once after being mature.
3. The cigar tobacco cultivation method according to claim 2, further comprising step S6: repeating the step S52-3 times.
4. The cigar tobacco cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting with stem in step S4 is performed once when the top of the tobacco plant is harvested and only 4 to 5 pieces of eggplant core tobacco leaves remain on the top.
5. The cigar tobacco cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the environment of the natural light with the illumination intensity of 70% in the step S2 is formed by building a sunshade in the open air, the height of the sunshade is 45-55 cm higher than the height of the tobacco plant; the method of increasing the light intensity to 100% of the natural light in step S4 is to remove the sunshade.
6. The cigar tobacco cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the sunshade is a white or blue shade net.
7. The cigar tobacco cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the interval time of each of the steps S3 is 6 days.
8. The cigar tobacco cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco variety in step S1 is chongxue No. 1 or chongxue No. 2.
9. The cigar tobacco cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer in the fertilizing process in the step S2 is 1:0.5:1, the plant spacing of the transplanted tobacco plants is 90cm x 50cm, the seedling raising mode is floating seedling raising, and the transplanting mode is seedling transplanting.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111567349A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-08-25 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Cigar tobacco field shading device and using method thereof |
| CN112841710B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2023-03-17 | 黔南州烟草公司独山县分公司 | Open-air cultivation and modulation method of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves |
| CN113729257B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-04-11 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Cigar tobacco leaf air-curing method |
| CN113974195B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-06-30 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar production method |
| CN114166632A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-11 | 四川省烟草公司达州市公司 | Method for evaluating physical characteristics of cigar coat and cigar core of cigar tobacco |
| CN115250856B (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2023-07-07 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Production method for improving yield of upper cigar coats in cigar tobacco leaves |
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