CN104429460B - A kind of tobacco leaf is cultivated collecting method - Google Patents
A kind of tobacco leaf is cultivated collecting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104429460B CN104429460B CN201410606170.4A CN201410606170A CN104429460B CN 104429460 B CN104429460 B CN 104429460B CN 201410606170 A CN201410606170 A CN 201410606170A CN 104429460 B CN104429460 B CN 104429460B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
- A01D45/16—Harvesting of standing crops of tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention has disclosed a kind of tobacco leaf and has cultivated collecting method, beats the leaf stage, by tobacco leaf numerical control built in 12-14 sheet, the harvesting stage, point three harvesting tobacco leaves. control effective blade number of the present invention is within the scope of 12-14 sheet, the number of times of gathering is reduced to 3 times from 6-7 time, the front complement of the gathering foster cigarette of pouring water, easy grasp simple to operate, greatly reduce the recruitment cost of gathering, expand the interval time of gathering, thereby having extended tobacco leaf supports the ripe time in field, improve upper smoke identity partially thick, the deficiency that institutional framework is stiff, having changed in the past tobacco leaf in picking methods does not support ripe, peasant household and operating personnel hold the inadequate problem of harvest maturity inaccurate and that cause to maturity, cured tobacco leaf hierarchical organization and quality level are promoted, promote peasant household to plant the lifting of cigarette comprehensive benefit, well meet the demand of cigarette industry to tobacco material. owing to having reduced dose, reduce peasant household's fertilizers input cost in addition, reduced the pollution to environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco leaf planting field, relate in particular to a kind of cultivation that can promote tobacco leaf hierarchical organization and adoptThe method of receiving.
Background technology
Along with leaf tobacco production is optimized moving forward steadily of hierarchical organization strategy, cigarette brand has proposed tobacco materialHigher quality and structural requirement. " tobacco leaf picking is bad, and angle is also difficult roasting ", has absolutely proved that tobacco leaf maturation adoptsReceive the important function that baking quality is promoted.
In leaf tobacco production, individual plant stays number of sheets 16-18 sheet, carries out and gather for 6-7 time, the ubiquity number of blade at presentWith gather number of times too much, tobacco leaf support in field the ripe time not, gather personnel to maturity grasp inaccurate,Harvest maturity does not meet technical standard, the problems such as recruitment high cost of gathering, and causes and the cigarette ratio mistake such as bends downGreatly, not high, the tobacco leaf hierarchical organization of first-class cigarette ratio and quality on the low side, be not well positioned to meet cigarette industry enterpriseIndustry raw materials requirement, causes imbalance between supply and demand.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be realize a kind of simple to operation, subtract work and fall this, promote cigaretteLeaf hierarchical organization and quality level, increase peasant household plant the tobacco leaf of cigarette income and cultivate collecting method.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of tobacco leaf is cultivated collecting method,Beat the leaf stage, by tobacco leaf numerical control built in 12-14 sheet; The harvesting stage, point three harvesting tobacco leaves.
Described while beating the leaf stage the flowers are in blossom 65-70 days, Yan Zhu center after tobacco leaf transplanting unconventional and unrestrained 50% ratio, in conjunction withCigarette strain is pinched and is destroyed 2-3 sheet upper leaf and 2-3 sheet bottom leaf, reduces and stays number of sheets 4-6 sheet.
Described beating after the leaf stage, the plant height of having pinched is controlled at 110cm-130cm, and sprays in first 1 day beating leafVirus disease control medicament, fills with one time dome water beating, and smears and press down bud medicament in 1-2 days after leaf.
The foster cigarette of pouring water before gathering for the second time and for the third time, and gather for the first time, for the second time after finishing and carry outStop a heatable brick bed and support cigarette.
The described harvesting stage, 3 of the bottoms of gathering for the first time, for the second time gather middle part 3, for the third time concentrateThe top 6-8 sheet of gathering.
The described harvesting stage:
Gather for the first time: within after pinching 7-10 days, gather, 3 of the bottoms of gathering, it is yellow that harvest maturity is that 7-8 becomes;
Gather for the second time: after adopting for the first time roasting end, stop supporting for a heatable brick bed 15-20 days ripe middle part cigarette, 25-30 after pinchingIt is gathered for the second time, 3, the middle part of gathering, and it is yellow that harvest maturity is that 8-9 becomes, and gathers and fill with one in first 2 daysInferior water, water irrigating depth is 1/3 of ridge height;
Gather for the third time: after adopting for the second time roasting end, stop supporting for a heatable brick bed 20-25 days ripe upper smoke, 45-55 after pinchingIt is gathered for the third time, concentrates the top 6-8 sheet of gathering, and harvest maturity is that 9-10 becomes Huang, 2-3 before gatheringIt fills with a water, and water irrigating depth is the 1/3-1/2 of ridge height.
In the tobacco leaf planting stage, every mu is reduced the dose of 1 jin of purity nitrogen.
Control effective blade number of the present invention is within the scope of 12-14 sheet, and the number of times of gathering is reduced to 3 from 6-7 timeInferior, the front complement of the gathering foster cigarette of pouring water, easy grasp simple to operate, greatly reduces the recruitment cost of gathering,Expand the interval time of gathering, supported the ripe time in field thereby extended tobacco leaf, improved upper smoke identityThe deficiency partially thick, institutional framework is stiff, has changed in the past in picking methods tobacco leaf and has not supported ripe, peasant household and operationPersonnel hold the inadequate problem of harvest maturity inaccurate and that cause to maturity, have promoted cured tobacco leaf etc.Level structure and quality level, promote peasant household to plant the lifting of cigarette comprehensive benefit, well met cigarette industry pairThe demand of tobacco material. Owing to having reduced dose, reduce peasant household's fertilizers input cost in addition, reducedTo the pollution of environment.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is on conventional plantation and harvesting technique basis, changes beating leaf stage and harvesting stageEnter, beat the leaf stage by tobacco leaf numerical control built in 12-14 sheet, the harvesting stage divide three times pluck tobacco leaf.
Process foundation: flue-cured tobacco bottom 2-3 sheet leaf is because ventilation and penetrating light condition is poor, dry-matter accumulation is not enough, onThe 2-3 of portion sheet top is bad owing to hacking, institutional framework is tight, cured tobacco leaf substantially belong to below average cigarette, inSecond-rate, all can not meet the requirement that cigarette brand structure promotes, in addition along with labor cost and coalThe increase of charcoal goods and materials cost, the price of paying of bottom 2-3 sheet and top 2-3 sheet tobacco leaf (is used with baking costWork, coal etc.) substantially suitable, tobacco grower does not have any profit to throw, and has a strong impact on peasant household and plants cigarette enthusiasm.In leaf tobacco production, be badly in need of easy and simple to handle, subtract the skill of gathering that work is fallen this, promoted tobacco leaf hierarchical organization and quality levelArt.
Owing to improving beating leaf stage and harvesting stage, every mu is reduced the dose balance of 1 jin of purity nitrogenTobacco plant nutrition, effectively reduces production costs, and destroys 2-3 sheet upper leaf and 2-3 sheet by beating leaf (doubles)Bottom leaf, reduces and stays number of sheets 4-6 sheet, controls effective blade number in 12-14 sheet left and right, and the number of times of gathering is from 6-7Inferior being reduced to 3 times, and fill with and become together boiled water before the 2nd, 3 times are gathered, support ripe in land for growing field crops to extend tobacco leafTime, improve tobacco leaf picking maturity.
Concrete operation method is as follows:
One, the method for operating of the doubles control number of blade and requirement
Destroy 2-3 sheet upper leaf and 2-3 sheet bottom leaf period at loosening tobacco leaves, control effective blade number and exist12-14 sheet. When unconventional and unrestrained 50% ratio that after tobacco leaf transplanting the flowers are in blossom 65-70 days, Yan Zhu center, pinch in conjunction with cigarette strainDestroy 2-3 sheet upper leaf and 2-3 sheet bottom leaf, control individual plant and stay the number of sheets within the scope of 12-14 sheet, pinchRear plant height is controlled at 120cm left and right, and (dome water is mainly to promote after doubles, in 1-2 days, to fill with a dome waterUpper leaf hacks), to promote upper leaf to hack, improve upper leaf institutional framework. The blade of laying is taken vega out ofPut into sterilization pool, and sprinkle quick lime and concentrate destruction. Doubles spray 20% croak copper acetate 800 for first 1 dayTimes liquid is prevented and treated virosis, carries out chemistry press down bud, one after doubles in 2 days with 100 times of liquid of 37.3% butralin missible oilAs be arranged in fine weather and dew and carry out doubles after dry and be beneficial to diseases prevention.
Method of operating and the requirement of two, gathering for three times
Complete stool 12-14 sheet tobacco leaf divides the end of gathering for three times, 3 of the bottoms of gathering for the first time, gathers for the second time3, portion, concentrate the top 6-8 sheet of gathering for the third time, gather for the first time, for the second time to carry out after finishing and stop a heatable brick bed and supportCigarette, carries out the foster cigarette of pouring water, to improve tobacco leaf picking maturity, concrete operations before gathering for the second time, for the third timeRequire as follows:
The method of operating of 1, gathering for the first time and requirement: within after pinching 7-10 days, gather, 3 of the bottoms of gathering,Harvest maturity is that 7-8 becomes Huang.
The method of operating of 2, gathering for the second time and requirement: adopt for the first time stop supporting for a heatable brick bed 15-20 days after roasting end ripe inPortion's cigarette, gathers for after pinching 25-30 days for the second time, gather middle part 3, harvest maturity be 8-9 becomeHuang, gathers and within first 2 days, fills with primary mature water (in promotion, upper smoke maturation), improves tobacco flue-curing characteristic and roastingRear tobacco leaf structure, color and luster, water irrigating depth is 1/3 of ridge height, notices that water source is clean, irrigation period is upperBefore 10 of noons and after at 4 in afternoon, avoid irrigating under fine day hot conditions at noon.
The method of operating of 3, gathering for the third time and requirement: adopt for the second time stop supporting for a heatable brick bed 20-25 days after roasting end ripe onPortion's cigarette, gathers for after pinching 45-55 days for the third time, concentrates the top 6-8 sheet of gathering, and harvest maturity isIt is yellow that 9-10 becomes, within before gathering 2-3 days, fill with and become together boiled water, with improve the ripe characteristic of upper smoke, baking property andCured tobacco leaf quality, water irrigating depth is the 1/3-1/2 of ridge height, ensures that water source is clean, irrigation period is upperBefore 10 of noons and after at 4 in afternoon, avoid irrigating under fine day hot conditions at noon.
Based on said method, it is as follows that tobacco leaf of the present invention is cultivated the concrete effect of collecting method:
Table 1: different picking methods fresh tobacco leaf harvest maturity qualification rate
Table 1
Table 2: different picking methods hierarchical organization and comprehensive benefit comparison
Table 2
Table 3: different picking methods C3F grade tobacco leaf sensory evaluating smoking score
Table 3
Can find out from the analysis result of above-mentioned 3 forms: picking methods of the present invention is fallen this, carried subtracting workThe successful that high tobacco leaf picking maturity, promotion tobacco leaf hierarchical organization and quality level promote.
Claims (6)
1. tobacco leaf is cultivated a collecting method, it is characterized in that:
Beat the leaf stage, by tobacco leaf numerical control built in 12-14 sheet;
The harvesting stage, point three harvesting tobacco leaves;
Described while beating the leaf stage the flowers are in blossom 65-70 days, Yan Zhu center after tobacco leaf transplanting unconventional and unrestrained 50% ratio, pinch and destroy 2-3 sheet upper leaf and 2-3 sheet bottom leaf in conjunction with cigarette strain, reduce and stay number of sheets 4-6 sheet.
2. tobacco leaf according to claim 1 is cultivated collecting method, it is characterized in that:
Described beating after the leaf stage, the plant height of having pinched is controlled at 110cm-130cm, and sprays virus disease control medicament in first 1 day beating leaf, fills with one time dome water beating, and smear and press down bud medicament after leaf in 1-2 days.
3. tobacco leaf according to claim 1 is cultivated collecting method, it is characterized in that: the foster cigarette of pouring water before gathering for the second time and for the third time, and after the end of gathering for the first time, for the second time, carry out and stop the foster cigarette of a heatable brick bed.
4. tobacco leaf according to claim 1 is cultivated collecting method, it is characterized in that: the described harvesting stage, 3 of the bottoms of gathering for the first time, for the second time gather 3, middle part, concentrate the top 6-8 sheet of gathering for the third time.
5. cultivate collecting method according to the tobacco leaf described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: the described harvesting stage:
Gather for the first time: within after pinching 7-10 days, gather, 3 of the bottoms of gathering, it is yellow that harvest maturity is that 7-8 becomes;
Gather for the second time: after adopting for the first time roasting end, stop supporting ripe middle part cigarette in a heatable brick bed 15-20 days, within after pinching 25-30 days, gather for the second time, 3, the middle part of gathering, it is yellow that harvest maturity is that 8-9 becomes, and gathers and fill with a water in first 2 days, water irrigating depth is 1/3 of ridge height;
Gather for the third time: after adopting for the second time roasting end, stop supporting for a heatable brick bed 20-25 days ripe upper smoke, within after pinching 45-55 days, gather for the third time, concentrate the top 6-8 sheet of gathering, harvest maturity is that 9-10 becomes Huang, within before gathering 2-3 days, fill with a water, water irrigating depth is the 1/3-1/2 of ridge height.
6. tobacco leaf according to claim 1 is cultivated collecting method, it is characterized in that: in the tobacco leaf planting stage, every mu is reduced the dose of 1 jin of purity nitrogen.
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| CN201410606170.4A CN104429460B (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2014-10-31 | A kind of tobacco leaf is cultivated collecting method |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104855105B (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2017-04-12 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Tobacco leaf cultivation method for improving tobacco leaf grade structure |
| CN105191649B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2017-12-19 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | A kind of method for optimizing Flue-cured tobacco Quality |
| CN105815040A (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2016-08-03 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Method for harvesting tobacco leaves difficult in yellowing |
| CN105723934A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-07-06 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Simplified mature flue-cured tobacco harvesting method |
| CN106539117A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-29 | 河南农业大学 | It is a kind of reduce the big gold dollar upper leaf dust of Flos Carthami it is variegated adopt roasting method |
| CN108142975B (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2020-04-14 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Method for collecting and baking flue-cured tobacco of K326 variety with excessive fertilizer |
| CN108523201B (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2021-07-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for improving economic character of Yunyan 99 and quality of upper tobacco leaves |
| CN109770410A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-21 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | A kind of tobacco leaf picking and roasting method |
| CN110692478B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-10-08 | 四川省烟草公司达州市公司 | Cigar tobacco cultivation method for one-plant production of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant-cored tobacco leaves |
| CN111615925A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-04 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Harvesting method for revealing quality style of upper cigarettes of Cubi No. one |
| CN114097564B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-11-25 | 四川农业大学 | Method for controlling consistent maturity of partial tobacco leaves |
| CN115088474A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-09-23 | 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司 | Two-station harvesting method for flue-cured tobacco leaves 4335 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103563603B (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2015-04-01 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Method of planting Zimbabwe KRK26 tobacco in land |
| CN103238919B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-03-18 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Preparation method for cured tobacco leaves |
| CN104055213B (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2015-07-22 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Baking method for reducing chilling damage loss of HD (Honghua Dajinyuan) tobacco leaves in high-altitude areas |
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