CN111567349A - Cigar tobacco field shading device and using method thereof - Google Patents

Cigar tobacco field shading device and using method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111567349A
CN111567349A CN202010600972.XA CN202010600972A CN111567349A CN 111567349 A CN111567349 A CN 111567349A CN 202010600972 A CN202010600972 A CN 202010600972A CN 111567349 A CN111567349 A CN 111567349A
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China
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shading
cigar
tobacco
net
shading net
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贺远
刘好宝
高华军
马兴华
林北森
邵雨
吕洪坤
向小华
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Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/45Tobacco
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0206Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of cigar cultivation, and particularly relates to a cigar field shading device and a using method thereof. Comprises a fixing frame consisting of a supporting rod and a cross rod, and also comprises a shading net and a retracting and pulling mechanism; receive on drawing mechanism locates the mount, receive drawing mechanism and include pulley, wiring collude and retrieve the mechanism, retrieve the mechanism and include fixing base, spool, bearing frame and crank. The utility model provides a cigar tobacco field device of shading receive and draw lightly, utilize the pulley to reduce the friction between shading net and the shed roof steel wire, add on the receipts pull rod simultaneously and have had recovery unit to pile up folding irregular difficult problem when having solved shading net recovery, the reinforcement equipment on the shading net, the effectual shading net deformation that has prevented to bring because of the weather of strong wind destroys, the service life of having prolonged shading net has reduced the maintenance cost. The method realizes the remarkable improvement of the yield of the eggplant by matching shading with a cultivation method, and improves the yield by about three times compared with the 7.9 percent contrast yield.

Description

Cigar tobacco field shading device and using method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cigar cultivation, and particularly relates to a cigar field shading device and a using method thereof.
Background
Cigars are a highly profitable tobacco variety, and in recent years, cigars account for a larger proportion of the tobacco consumption market, but the raw material gap is large, so tobacco multinational companies of various countries in the world are invested in the agriculture and industrial research of cigars for a continuous year. The cigar industry in china is still in the beginning stage compared with countries in europe, america and the like. Cigar leaves can be divided into a jacket (outer wrapper), a jacket (inner wrapper) and a core (core) according to their use in products. The high quality cigar coating is smooth in structure, good in toughness and elastic, and the cigar coating is a symbol of quality. Shading has an important influence on the structural development of the tobacco leaves of the cigar coat, and is very important for forming high-quality cigar coat tobacco leaves with thin leaves, fine tissues, strong toughness, good elasticity, fine leaf veins and loose structures, so shading treatment is generally adopted to obtain high-quality cigar coats.
The researchers designed the 4 treatments of the shading rate of 38 percent, the shading rate of 57 percent and the shading rate of 81 percent and the full-exposure treatment, and further researches show that the stem circumference of the tobacco plants gradually becomes thinner along with the increase of the shading rate, and the difference among the treatments reaches a remarkable level. Studies have shown that as light transmittance decreases, the net photosynthetic rate tends to increase and then decrease. It has been shown that shading causes a decrease in net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. Shading can also obviously reduce the transpiration rate, so that the local environment of the tobacco field is changed, the humidity of the field is increased, and the growth of cigars is facilitated. Patent 201620110503.9 discloses a cigar leaf shading shed, which is made by fixing a shading net on a ring body on a rope body, and then pulling the shading net to contract under the drive of the ring body, but this structure easily causes the situation that a clamping shell is not pulled to be fixed when the rope body is long, which causes inconvenience in use, and the shading net only has the effect of shading, and cannot cause great influence on the yield of cigars in the use process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cigar field shading device and a using method thereof, and solves the technical problems of irregular stacking and folding and low cigar coat tobacco leaf yield during the recovery of a shading net.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a cigar field shading device comprises a fixing frame consisting of a supporting rod and a cross rod, and further comprises a shading net and a drawing mechanism; receive on drawing mechanism locates the mount, receive drawing mechanism and include pulley, wiring collude and retrieve the mechanism, retrieve the mechanism and include fixing base, spool, bearing frame and crank.
The shading net is a white gauze net, the light transmittance of the white gauze net is 60-70%, the left side of the shading net is provided with a sliding rod, the right side of the shading net is connected with a scroll, and the middle part of the shading net is provided with a net surface support rod.
Fixing seats are arranged at two ends above the cross rod on the right side, the fixing seats and the cross rod on the right side form an included angle of 30-60 degrees, bearing seats are arranged above the fixing seats, the scroll penetrates through the bearing seats and is fixed with bearings in the bearing seats, and a crank is arranged at one end of the scroll.
The fixing frame is composed of four supporting rods, two cross rods and a plurality of steel wires connected with the two cross rods, the binding ropes are hooked on the supporting rods, pulleys are arranged on the side edges of the cross rods and are in one-to-one correspondence with the binding ropes, and a three-fork base is arranged at the bottom of each supporting rod.
The method for improving the yield of the eggplant by using the cigar field shading device comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out floating seedling culture and strong seedling transplantation, and shading when the cigar leaves grow to the late stage of mass;
(2) shading treatment is carried out until the tobacco leaves are harvested, and if the tobacco leaves meet rainy days, a shading net is pulled open and is not shaded;
(3) the application of fertilizer and water is strictly controlled during the shading treatment period, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented;
(4) shading treatment is carried out in a shading treatment mode of shading for four days and three days one week before the tobacco leaves are harvested so as to ensure the maturity of the tobacco leaves and enrich the content of the tobacco leaves;
(5) and (4) airing the harvested tobacco strictly according to an airing mode of cigar industry standard.
(6) The aired tobacco leaves are stacked and fermented strictly according to the cigar industry standard so as to ensure the yield of the cigar wrappers.
The planting density of the strong seedling transplanting in the step (1) is 1800 plants per mu, the row spacing is 110cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm.
The application amount of the fertilizer in the step (3) is 250 kilograms per mu of applied organic fertilizer, all the organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is applied to soil once during tobacco field cultivation, and after tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 15 kilograms of potassium nitrate is applied in two times; the time for adding potassium nitrate was: the first time is carried out 15-16 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, and the second time is carried out 40-42 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted.
And (3) applying water to ensure that the humidity of the tobacco field soil is 50-70%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the utility model provides a cigar tobacco field device of shading receive and draw lightly, utilize the pulley to reduce the friction between shading net and the shed roof steel wire, add on the receipts pull rod simultaneously and have had recovery unit to pile up folding irregular difficult problem when having solved shading net recovery, the reinforcement equipment on the shading net, the effectual shading net deformation that has prevented to bring because of the weather of strong wind destroys, the service life of having prolonged shading net has reduced the maintenance cost.
2. The method realizes the remarkable improvement of the yield of the eggplant by matching shading with a cultivation method, and improves the yield by about three times compared with the 7.9 percent contrast yield.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a shading shed according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a drawing mechanism of the shade shed of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The cigar field shading device comprises a fixing frame consisting of a support rod 5 and a cross rod 11, and further comprises a shading net 1 and a drawing mechanism; receive and draw the mechanism to locate on the mount, receive and draw the mechanism to include pulley 8, wiring collude 10 and retrieve mechanism 4, retrieve mechanism 4 and include fixing base 40, spool 41, bearing frame 42 and crank 43.
The shading net 1 is a white gauze, the light transmittance of the white gauze is 60-70%, the left side of the shading net 1 is provided with a sliding rod 7, the right side is connected with a scroll 41, and the middle part is provided with a net surface support rod 3.
Fixing seats 40 are arranged at two ends above the cross rod 11 on the right side, an included angle of 30-60 degrees is formed between each fixing seat 40 and the cross rod 11 on the right side, a bearing seat 42 is arranged above each fixing seat 40, a scroll 41 penetrates through each bearing seat 42 and is fixed with a bearing in each bearing seat 42, and a crank 43 is arranged at one end of each scroll 41.
The fixing frame is composed of four supporting rods 5, two cross rods 11 and a plurality of steel wires 6 connecting the two cross rods 11, a rope binding hook 10 is arranged on the supporting rods 5, pulleys 8 are arranged on the side edges of the cross rods 11, the pulleys 8 and the rope binding hook 10 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, a three-fork base is arranged at the bottom of each supporting rod 5, and the height of each supporting rod 5 is 4-4.5 m.
Examples
The seedling raising mode is floating seedling raising, tobacco seeds are soaked, sterilized and disinfected, then are subjected to germination acceleration under the dark condition of 28 ℃, are moved into a floating seedling raising culture medium after exposure to white and are cultured in an illumination artificial climate box, the temperature is controlled to be 28 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night, seedling thinning is carried out two weeks after seedling emergence, namely the tobacco seedling small cross period, and the tobacco seedlings are enabled to grow to 6 leaves and 1 heart in a floating seedling raising pool for later use. And controlling water and fertilizer in one week before transplanting, training tobacco seedlings, enhancing resistance and ensuring consistent seedling age. During transplanting, the tobacco seedlings are guaranteed to be consistent in size, uniform in leaf color, free of diseases and toxicity, rich in inclusions, the survival rate in the field is guaranteed, and the seedlings are timely replenished.
By using a comparative method in which the light-shielding material is a white gauze, shading treatments were performed as described in table 1 using 4 kinds of shading nets having different transmittances of 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%, respectively, and a blank was left without shading as a control. Each treatment regime was set to 3 replicates. The measurement of each index was carried out 15d after transplantation, 20d after transplantation, 25d after transplantation, 30d after transplantation, and 35d after transplantation, respectively. In the later period of growth, shading treatment is carried out. 1800 plants (the row spacing is 110cm, the plant spacing is 35 cm) per mu, 250 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu to be used as base fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is applied to soil once during cultivation of tobacco fields, 15 kilograms of potassium nitrate is additionally applied twice after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted (the first time of potassium nitrate is applied about 15 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the second time of potassium nitrate is applied about 40 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted), and water is applied to ensure that the humidity of the tobacco field soil is 50-70%.
TABLE 1 four treatment conditions
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Examples of the effects of the invention
At present, the yield of the cigar coat tobacco leaves in China is generally about 15 percent and does not exceed 20 percent, according to the test result of the application, relevant data are measured in the mature and harvesting period of the cigar tobacco leaves, and the obtained data result is shown in a table 2:
Figure 606899DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the data in table 2 can be analyzed by comparison: the influence of shading nets with different light transmittance on the shape index and the photosynthetic performance index of the tobacco plant shows that: with the increase of the light transmittance, the plant height of the tobacco plants is increased. The tobacco plant thickness gradually becomes thinner along with the reduction of the light transmittance, and the maximum leaf length and leaf width of the tobacco plant are increased along with the reduction of the light transmittance, which is adaptive growth of the tobacco plant to the reduction of the light intensity. The weight of the above-ground dry matter does not change greatly in a certain illumination interval, and if the weight of the above-ground dry matter exceeds the interval, the weight of the above-ground dry matter changes obviously. The photosynthetic rates were all maximized under the 60% transmittance shading treatment with chlorophyll SPAD. By comparing the forms and light and performance indexes of tobacco plants treated by different light transmittances, the following conclusion is drawn: under the treatment of a shading net with 60 percent of light transmittance, the plant height is high, the effective leaf number is more, the maximum leaf length and leaf width are also maximum, the tobacco leaf thickness is moderate, and the chlorophyll SPAD value is maximum, which shows that the chlorophyll of the leaves is sufficient under the treatment, and the sufficient photochemical reaction can be ensured to occur in the later growth stage of the tobacco plants. Also, the tobacco plants had the highest photosynthetic rate under this treatment.
Analysis of the yield index and the yield of the eggplant coats shows that the total yield is reduced after shading treatment by using the shading equipment, but the shading cultivation mainly aims to improve the yield of the cigar coats, and the cigar yield is higher and the yield of the eggplant coats is the maximum under the shading treatment of a white gauze with 60 percent of light transmittance by combining the data of the yield of the eggplant coats, so that the requirement of actual production is met.
In summary, when the shading treatment is performed by using the shading device and the shading method of the present application, the leaf blade of the cigar is thinned (thickness of 0.29 mm), the excellent cigar coat needs to be thin and flexible, and the cigar feel and appearance quality are affected if the cigar coat is too thick. Under the shading treatment, the yield of the eggplant is increased, and the shading equipment is proved to meet the requirement of actual production. The white gauze with 60 percent of light transmittance is adopted for shading treatment, the tobacco plant height is high, the number of effective leaves is large, the obtained tobacco leaves are thin, the leaves are large, the toughness is strong, the yield of the eggplant is highest, and the tobacco leaf most meets the field growth requirement of high-quality cigar coats.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a cigar tobacco field shading device, includes the mount that bracing piece (5) and horizontal pole (11) are constituteed, its characterized in that: also comprises a shading net (1) and a drawing mechanism; receive and draw the mechanism to locate on the mount, receive and draw the mechanism to include pulley (8), wiring collude (10) and retrieve mechanism (4), retrieve mechanism (4) and include fixing base (40), spool (41), bearing frame (42) and crank (43).
2. A cigar field shading device according to claim 1, wherein: the shading net (1) is a white gauze, the light transmittance of the white gauze is 60-70%, the left side of the shading net (1) is provided with a sliding rod (7), the right side of the shading net is connected with a scroll (41), and the middle part of the shading net is provided with a net surface stay bar (3).
3. A cigar field shading device according to claim 1, wherein: fixing seats (40) are arranged at two ends above the cross rod (11) on the right side, the fixing seats (40) and the cross rod (11) on the right side form an included angle of 30-60 degrees, bearing seats (42) are arranged above the fixing seats (40), a reel (41) penetrates through the bearing seats (42) and is fixed with bearings in the bearing seats (42), and a crank (43) is arranged at one end of the reel (41).
4. A cigar field shading device according to claim 1, wherein: the fixing frame is composed of four supporting rods (5), two cross rods (11) and a plurality of steel wires (6) connected with the two cross rods (11), a rope binding hook (10) is arranged on the supporting rods (5), pulleys (8) are arranged on the side edges of the cross rods (11), the pulleys (8) and the rope binding hook (10) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and a three-fork base is arranged at the bottom of the supporting rods (5).
5. A method for increasing the yield of eggplant from a cigar field shading device according to claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
(1) carrying out floating seedling culture and strong seedling transplantation, and shading when the cigar leaves grow to the late stage of mass;
(2) shading treatment is carried out until the tobacco leaves are harvested, and if the tobacco leaves meet rainy days, a shading net is pulled open and is not shaded;
(3) the application of fertilizer and water is strictly controlled during the shading treatment period, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented;
(4) shading treatment is carried out in a shading treatment mode of shading for four days and three days one week before the tobacco leaves are harvested so as to ensure the maturity of the tobacco leaves and enrich the content of the tobacco leaves;
(5) airing the harvested tobacco strictly according to an airing mode of cigar industry standard;
(6) the aired tobacco leaves are stacked and fermented strictly according to the cigar industry standard so as to ensure the yield of the cigar wrappers.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the planting density of the strong seedling transplanting in the step (1) is 1800 plants per mu, the row spacing is 110cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein: the application amount of the fertilizer in the step (3) is 250 kilograms per mu of applied organic fertilizer, all the organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is applied to soil once during tobacco field cultivation, and after tobacco seedlings are transplanted, 15 kilograms of potassium nitrate is applied in two times; the time for adding potassium nitrate was: the first time is carried out 15-16 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, and the second time is carried out 40-42 days after the tobacco seedling is transplanted.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein: and (3) applying water to ensure that the humidity of the tobacco field soil is 50-70%.
CN202010600972.XA 2020-06-29 2020-06-29 Cigar tobacco field shading device and using method thereof Pending CN111567349A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115812495A (en) * 2022-12-09 2023-03-21 杭州电子科技大学 Automatic shading device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101946622A (en) * 2010-08-31 2011-01-19 海南建恒哈瓦那雪茄有限公司 Method for cultivating cigar wrapper tobacco leaves
CN105917934A (en) * 2016-05-16 2016-09-07 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 Delayed planting method for temporary planting of tobacco seedlings
CN107503534A (en) * 2017-09-18 2017-12-22 云南三七科技产业发展有限公司 A kind of large automatic notoginseng planting factory structure
CN206866192U (en) * 2017-07-10 2018-01-12 黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院 One kind prevention simple canopy of the western yang disease of black fungus
CN110692478A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-17 四川省烟草公司达州市公司 Cigar tobacco cultivation method for one-plant production of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant-cored tobacco leaves

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101946622A (en) * 2010-08-31 2011-01-19 海南建恒哈瓦那雪茄有限公司 Method for cultivating cigar wrapper tobacco leaves
CN105917934A (en) * 2016-05-16 2016-09-07 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 Delayed planting method for temporary planting of tobacco seedlings
CN206866192U (en) * 2017-07-10 2018-01-12 黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院 One kind prevention simple canopy of the western yang disease of black fungus
CN107503534A (en) * 2017-09-18 2017-12-22 云南三七科技产业发展有限公司 A kind of large automatic notoginseng planting factory structure
CN110692478A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-17 四川省烟草公司达州市公司 Cigar tobacco cultivation method for one-plant production of eggplant-coated tobacco leaves and eggplant-cored tobacco leaves

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115812495A (en) * 2022-12-09 2023-03-21 杭州电子科技大学 Automatic shading device

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