CN114749210A - 室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法及应用,属于有机硅材料技术领域。其技术方案为:一种室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1)将磷酸加入水中,升温,在搅拌下加入有机醇进行反应;2)配置活性有机物的饱和水溶液,滴加入步骤1)的反应液中,继续反应;3)反应结束后,升温真空脱低,得固体产物催化剂。本发明制备的可室温封端107催化剂,制备工艺简单,原料易得,环境友好,适于大规模工业化生产,应用前景广泛。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机硅材料技术领域,具体涉及一种室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
脱醇型室温硫化硅橡胶由于释放小分子的甲醇或乙醇,对环境比较友好,对金属无腐蚀,不出现刺激性气味,广泛应用在电子、建筑、汽车等行业。脱醇型室温硫化硅橡胶通常是以α,ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(又称为107胶)为基胶,通过添加增塑剂、交联剂、偶联剂、填料、催化剂进行调节后,经真空搅拌制得。其中,催化剂通常为钛酸酯类催化剂。但由于在制备过程中钛酸酯容易导致胶料出现粘度高峰,严重时会造成仪器的损害,给生产造成危害。将107硅橡胶进行烷氧基封端后可以有效解决粘度高峰的问题,因此烷氧基封端107的制备工艺成为研究人员十分关心的研究课题。
烷氧基封端107主要有催化剂直接封端、单体水解缩聚等。例如发明专利(CN104479132B)提供了一种烷氧基封端107胶及其制备方法,先由二甲基二氯硅烷与107胶反应得二氯聚二甲基硅氧烷,除氯化氢后,再由烷氧基硅烷与二氯聚二甲基硅氧烷反应,得烷氧基封端107,需要除去副产物Hcl,后处理步骤繁琐。发明专利(CN110878142A)提供了一种烷氧基封端聚硅氧烷的合成方法及烷氧基封端聚硅氧烷,使用乙烯基硅油和烷氧基氢硅烷为原料,加入铂催化剂,通过硅氢加成反应,制得烷氧基封端聚硅氧烷,制备过程需要用到贵金属,制备成本高。发明专利(CN104231275B)提供了一种烷氧基封端硅油的制备,使用端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷和烷氧基硅烷,加入催化剂,升温反应,中和过滤,减压蒸馏,得烷氧基硅油,反应结束后还需要中和、过滤,工艺复杂,操作繁琐。此外,现有技术的封端工艺,需要等到封端107降至室温后才能作为脱醇型室温硫化硅橡胶的基础胶使用,导致工艺流程变长,能耗增加。因此,目前急需可以在室温下实现将107进行封端的催化剂。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,以解决上述问题。
本发明的技术方案为:
第一方面,提供了一种室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将磷酸加入水中,升温,在搅拌下加入有机醇进行反应;
2)配置活性有机物的饱和水溶液,滴加入步骤1)的反应液中,继续反应;
3)反应结束后,升温真空脱低,得固体产物催化剂。
优选地,步骤1)中有机醇为丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇中的一种或多种。
优选地,步骤2)中活性有机物为氨基苯甲酸、氨基苯磺酸、氨基苯硼酸和氨基水杨酸中的一种,优选为氨基苯甲酸。
优选地,步骤1)中反应温度为40℃-160℃;反应时间为0.5h-4h。
优选地,步骤1)中反应温度为60℃-140℃;反应时间为1h-3h。
优选地,步骤2)中反应时间为0.5h-4h,优选为1h-3h。
优选地,步骤3)中真空条件为-0.05MPa--0.1MPa,优选为-0.06MPa--0.09MPa。
优选地,磷酸:活性有机物:有机醇:水(摩尔比)=1:(1-2):(0.5-2):(10-50)。
另一方面,公开了催化剂在脱醇型硫化硅橡胶制备中的应用。
反应机理为:降低磷酸的酸性,利用醇类与磷酸之的反应生成相应的酯。这不仅加强了产物的结构稳定性,也进一步降低了产物的酸性,避免封端过程中出现胶凝的情况。再利用磷酸与活性有机物中的氨基进行反应,将活性有机物接枝到磷酸上,并保留有机物中的活性基团(羧基基团、磺酸基基团、硼酸基基团)。本发明的产物催化剂利用结构中的酸性基团与烷氧基硅烷封端剂反应,脱除甲醇或乙醇,并与硅烷的硅原子配位。产物结构中的氨基基团会与107的端羟基作用,并将其与硅烷的硅原子成键,完成封端过程。并且,由于活性有机物中的苯环结构促进了催化剂与107胶之间的相容性,加强了反应物之间的活性,避免了其他类型催化剂由于相不兼容导致的催化活性低和分散不均匀的缺点。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明制备的可室温封端107胶的催化剂,制备工艺简单,原料易得,环境友好,适于大规模工业化生产,应用前景广泛;
2.本发明制备的可室温封端107胶的催化剂,用于107胶的封端性能优异,可实现室温封端效果,解决了封端成本高昂,需要高温等技术难题;
3.利用本发明催化剂制备的烷氧基封端107胶,作为脱醇型硅橡胶的基础胶使用,可将储存期延长至18个月。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1制备的产物催化剂的红外谱图。
图2是本发明实施例6制备的改性107胶的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例制备了一种室温封端107催化剂,具体步骤如下:
1)称取5g磷酸加入到20g纯水中,升温至85℃,并滴加6.6g正己醇,反应2小时;
2)将对氨基苯甲酸的饱和水溶液(对氨基苯甲酸含量8.5g)滴加到上述溶液中并继续反应2小时;
3)反应结束后,升温至120℃,抽真空-0.098MPa,脱除未反应的醇和水,得固体产物催化剂,催化剂的红外谱图如图1所示。
实施例2
如实施例1所述,实施例2与实施例1不同的是步骤2)中加入氨基水杨酸的饱和水溶液(氨基水杨酸含量7.6g),其他反应条件均相同。
实施例3
如实施例1所述,实施例3与实施例1不同的是步骤2)中加入氨基苯硼酸的饱和水溶液(氨基苯硼酸含量为6g),其他反应条件均相同。
实施例4
如实施例1所述,实施例4与实施例1不同的是步骤1)中加入2g 1,3-丙二醇,其他反应条件均相同。
实施例5
如实施例1所述,实施例5与实施例1不同的是步骤1)中反应温度为160℃,其他反应条件均相同。
实施例6-10
应用实施例1-5制备的催化制备改性107胶的方法如下:
称取20000mPa·s端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(107胶)300g,乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷2.0g,分别添加实施例1-5制备的产物催化剂0.1g,常温搅拌一小时制得改性107胶,对实施例6制备的改性107胶进行红外光谱测定,结果如图2所示。
对比例1
称取20000mPa·s端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(107胶)300g,乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷2.0g,常温搅拌一小时制得改性107胶。
实施例6-10制备改性107胶以及对比例1制备的,通过加入钛酸四异丙酯,测试是否存在粘度高峰。在快速搅拌条件下,将1mL钛酸四异丙酯加入到10g改性107胶中,观察是否会出现改性107胶粘度迅速增加的现象,以此来判断粘度高峰的存在。测试结果如表1所示,
表1
实施例 | 粘度/mPa·s | 粘度高峰 |
实施例6 | 18000 | 无 |
实施例7 | 17500 | 无 |
实施例8 | 18600 | 无 |
实施例9 | 17000 | 无 |
实施例10 | 17700 | 无 |
对比例1 | 20000 | 高峰 |
实施例11
应用实施例6制备的1000g粘度为18000mPa·s的改性107胶,800g活性纳米碳酸钙,50g二甲基硅油加入到分散制胶机中得预混料。加入30g甲基三甲氧基硅烷、5g KH-560、10g钛酸酯螯合物、0.5g有机锡催化剂,抽真空搅拌30分钟后得到脱醇型硅橡胶。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例11不同的是选用对比例1制备的粘度为20000mPa·s的107胶,其余反应条件均相同。
对硅橡胶的常规(室温硫化)和老化(90℃老化3天)后的表干消粘性能进行了测试,按照GB16776-2005试验,标准条件下(温度(23±2)℃,相对湿度(50±5)%),单组分硅橡胶的表干时间在3小时内,消粘时间在24小时内即为合格。脱醇型硅橡胶在胶瓶中密封保存后,置于90℃老化3天,相当于室温存储18个月。实施例11以及对比例2制备的硅橡胶性能对比如表2所示:
表2
由图1可知,2929cm-1为亚甲基的特征峰,1700cm-1为C=O的特征吸收峰,1277cm-1为磷酸酯的特征吸收峰,766cm-1为P-O-C特征峰,进一步说明磷酸酯的形成。3132cm-1为NH3 +特征峰,说明氨基酸与磷酸形成配位结构。2658cm-1为P-OH伸缩振动峰,1495cm-1、1528cm-1、1604cm-1为苯环上被氨基和羧基取代后的苯环的特征吸收峰,验证了产物催化剂的成功制备。
从图2可知,2962cm-1为Si-CH3的特征吸收峰,1009cm-1为Si-O-Si的特征吸收峰,1412cm-1为C=C的特征吸收峰,1078cm-1为-OCH3的特征吸收峰,羟基峰基本消失,说明封端成功。
由表1可知,对比例1的粘度高峰仍存在,实施例6-10制备的脱硫醇硅橡胶均不存在粘度高峰,说明实施例6-10制备的改性107胶常温条件下即可封端成功。
从表2中可以看出,实施例11采用本申请催化剂的制备的改性107胶,再由该改性107胶制备的脱硫醇橡胶,在常规条件下和老化后均表现出优异的表干和消粘性能,而对比例2只在常规条件下具有表干和消粘性能,在老化后不表干、不消粘,说明本申请制备的催化剂能够延长脱硫醇性硅橡胶的老化性能,主要是因为该催化剂利用结构中的酸性基团与烷氧基硅烷封端剂反应,脱除甲醇或乙醇,并与硅烷的硅原子配位。产物结构中的氨基基团会与107的端羟基作用,并将其与硅烷的硅原子成键,完成封端过程。并且,由于活性有机物中的苯环结构促进了催化剂与107胶之间的相容性,加强了反应物之间的活性,避免了其他类型催化剂由于相不兼容导致的催化活性低和分散不均匀的缺点。
本发明制备的可室温封端107催化剂,制备工艺简单,原料易得,环境友好,适于大规模工业化生产,应用前景广泛;本发明制备的可室温封端107催化剂,用于107胶的封端性能优异,可实现室温封端效果,解决了封端成本高昂,需要高温等技术难题;利用本发明催化剂制备的烷氧基封端107,作为脱醇型硅橡胶的基础胶使用,可将储存期延长至18个月。
尽管通过参考附图并结合优选实施例的方式对本发明进行了详细描述,但本发明并不限于此。在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的前提下,本领域普通技术人员可以对本发明的实施例进行各种等效的修改或替换,而这些修改或替换都应在本发明的涵盖范围内/任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将磷酸加入水中,升温,在搅拌下加入有机醇进行反应;
2)配置活性有机物的饱和水溶液,滴加入步骤1)的反应液中,继续反应;
3)反应结束后,升温真空脱低,得固体产物催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中有机醇为丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇中的一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1所述的室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中活性有机物为氨基苯甲酸、氨基苯磺酸、氨基苯硼酸和氨基水杨酸中的一种,优选为氨基苯甲酸。
4.如权利要求1所述的室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中反应温度为40℃-160℃;反应时间为0.5h-4h。
5.如权利要求1所述的室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中反应温度为60℃-140℃;反应时间为1h-3h。
6.如权利要求1所述的室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中反应时间为0.5h-4h,优选为1h-3h。
7.如权利要求1所述的室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中真空条件为-0.05MPa--0.1MPa,优选为-0.06MPa--0.09MPa。
8.如权利要求1所述的室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:磷酸:活性有机物:有机醇:水(摩尔比)=1:(1-2):(0.5-2):(10-50)。
9.如权利要求1-8任意一项所述的室温封端107胶的催化剂的制备方法制备出的催化剂在脱醇型硫化硅橡胶中的应用。
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