CN114747580B - 4-hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用 - Google Patents
4-hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了4‑hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用,本发明属于农药技术领域。本发明提供了一种4‑hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用。4‑hydroxylonchocarpin对豌豆修尾蚜、麦长管蚜和豌豆蚜等多种蚜虫具有较理想的触杀活性,杀蚜谱广,且从中草药荸荠皮中分离得到,具有环境友好、选择性强、害虫较不易产生抗药性等优点,可作为植物源杀蚜先导化合物来开发。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域,具体涉及4-hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用。
背景技术
蚜虫是半翅目(Hemiptera)是球蚜总科和蚜总科昆虫的统称,具有种类广、数量多、繁殖力强、世代周期短的特点。蚜虫可直接危害玉米、小麦等粮食作物以及蔬菜、花卉等经济作物;并且蚜虫可通过分泌蜜露导致煤污病等多种植物病害的发生,对农作物的产量和质量造成重大影响。
目前,国内外对蚜虫的防治主要依赖于化学药剂,化学农药的长期大量使用不仅导致蚜虫对有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类等农药产生了较高抗性,而且带来一系列环境生态问题。植物源农药具有不易产生抗药性、对环境相对安全等特点,是促进农药减量控害的有效途径,可为蚜虫的抗性治理及生物防治提供参考和依据。
4–hydroxylonchocarpin是豆科、桑科和莎草科植物的主要成分之一,具有抗菌、抗癌、抗氧化、抗炎和抗逆转录酶活性等。目前关于4-hydroxylonchocarpin医药活性关注较多,主要是因为其不仅可以抑制癌细胞系的增殖,且由于其抗逆转录酶活性,可能是新型抗结核病药物的潜在来源。尽管近年来关于4-hydroxylonchocarpin的医药活性研究报道较多,但在农药活性研究方面,特别是作为杀蚜活性物质目前尚未见报道。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种4-hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用,不但可以防治蚜虫等农业害虫,而且具有安全无污染的优点。
本发明提供了结构式如式I所示的4-hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用,
优选的,所述蚜虫包括蚜科昆虫。
优选的,所述蚜科昆虫包括以下一种或几种属的蚜虫:无网管蚜属(Acyrthosiphon)、修尾蚜属(Megoura)和Sitobion。
优选的,所述蚜虫包括豌豆修尾蚜(Megoura japonica)、麦长管蚜(Sitobionavenae)和豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)。
优选的,所述4-hydroxylonchocarpin的提取方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将荸荠皮用无水乙醇提取,提取液经浓缩,得到荸荠皮乙醇浸膏;
2)将所述荸荠皮乙醇浸膏用极性较低的有机溶剂萃取,得到萃取液;
3)将所述萃取液经硅胶柱层析,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合液梯度洗脱,收集石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为30:1的洗脱液,得到4-hydroxylonchocarpin。
优选的,所述荸荠皮和无水乙醇的质量体积比为8~12kg:9~11L。
优选的,所述极性较低的有机溶剂选自以下溶剂中的一种:石油醚、异戊烷、正戊烷和己烷。
优选的,所述硅胶柱层析时硅胶柱的规格为直径20cm,长度为1m;
硅胶的粒径为200~300目。
优选的,所述梯度洗脱时,使用的石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合液的体积比依次为100:0、100:1、50:1、30:1、20:1、10:1、5:1、3:1和1:1。
优选的,所述药物中4-hydroxylonchocarpin的浓度为10%~98%。
本发明提供了4-hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用。实验证明,4-hydroxylonchocarpin对多种蚜虫均有较理想的触杀活性,在1mg/mL处理剂量下,对豌豆修尾蚜、麦长管蚜和豌豆蚜48h的校正死亡率分别为88.27%、84.06%和80.25%,显著高于植物源杀蚜化合物苦参碱;杀蚜毒力测定表明,化合物对对豌豆修尾蚜、麦长管蚜和豌豆蚜48h的LC50分别为97.24mg/L、140.63mg/L和112.31mg/L。本发明所述化合物4-hydroxylonchocarpin具有较强的杀蚜活性且杀蚜谱广,可有效应用于农业蚜虫的防治,还可作为植物源先导化合物创制新型杀蚜剂。同时4-hydroxylonchocarpin来源于荸荠皮的天然化合物,对人畜毒性低,对环境友好。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了结构式如式I所示的4-hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用,
在本发明中,所述4-hydroxylonchocarpin的来源可以商品化产品,也可以从莎草科荸荠属植物荸荠(Eleocharis dulcis)皮中分离得到,具体提取方法,优选包括以下步骤:
1)将荸荠皮用无水乙醇提取,提取液经浓缩,得到荸荠皮乙醇浸膏;
2)将所述荸荠皮乙醇浸膏用极性较低的有机溶剂萃取,得到萃取液;
3)将所述萃取液经硅胶柱层析,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合液梯度洗脱,收集石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为30:1的洗脱液,得到4-hydroxylonchocarpin。
在本发明中,所述荸荠皮和无水乙醇的质量体积比优选为8~12kg:9~11L,更优选为1kg:1L。所述提取的温度优选为20~27℃,更优选为25℃。所述提取的次数优选为2~3次。提取后,固液分离,收集液相部分。在本发明实施例中,采用过滤方法分离提取液。
在本发明中,萃取前,优选将所述荸荠皮乙醇浸膏用水溶解。所述极性较低的有机溶剂优选选自以下溶剂中的一种:石油醚、异戊烷、正戊烷和己烷。在本发明实施例中,以石油醚为例说明提取过程。所述荸荠皮和石油醚的质量体积比优选为8~12kg:30L。萃取液优选进行减压浓缩,去除萃取剂,得到粗提物。
在本发明中,所述粗提物利用硅胶柱层析进行纯化。所述硅胶柱层析时硅胶柱的规格优选为直径20cm,长度为1m。所述硅胶的粒径优选为200~300目。
在本发明中,所述梯度洗脱时,使用的石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合液的体积比依次优选为100:0、100:1、50:1、30:1、20:1、10:1、5:1、3:1和1:1。梯度洗脱的流速优选为4~6秒/滴,更优选为5秒/滴。采用上述方法提取的化合物的得率为0.00098%。
在本发明中,对提取的化合物进行高分辨质谱、核磁技术表征,鉴定该化合物为4-Hydroxylonchocarpin(3):C20H18O4,obtained as yellow needles.EI-MS m/z(%):322.12[M]+.1H NMR(Chloroform-d,600MHz)δ7.78(1H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-β),7.71(1H,d,J=15.4Hz,H-6),7.65(1H,d,J=15.4Hz,H-2’,6’),7.44(1H,d,J=15.2Hz,H-α),6.88(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,H-3’,5’),6.63(1H,d,J=10.1Hz,H-4”),6.08(1H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-5),5.62(1H,d,J=10.1,1.0Hz,H-5”),1.46(6H,s,CH3×2).13C NMR(Chloroform-d,151MHz)δ192.18(CO),160.92(C-4),159.67(C-2),159.31(C-4’),144.50(C-β),130.61(C-2’,6’),128.12(C-6),128.57(C-5”),128.33(C-1’),117.38(C-α),116.11(C-4”),115.97(C-1),114.18(C-3),109.48(C-1),108.22(C-5),77.81(C-6”),28.37(CH3×2)。
在本发明中,所述药物中4-hydroxylonchocarpin的浓度为10%~98%。
在本发明中,所述蚜虫优选包括蚜科昆虫。所述蚜科昆虫优选包括以下一种或几种属的蚜虫:无网管蚜属、Megoura和Sitobion。为了举例说明本发明应用的广泛性,本发明实施例中分别以豌豆修尾蚜、麦长管蚜和豌豆蚜三种蚜虫为实验对象,验证4-hydroxylonchocarpin的杀虫功效。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的4-hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
4-hydroxylonchocarpin的提取方法
将10kg的荸荠皮粉碎,用10L的95%的工业级无水乙醇室温提取3次;用布氏漏斗过滤后,将滤液合并减压浓缩(减压浓缩的温度为45-60℃,压力:在真空环境下,时间一般是半小时,使用旋转蒸发仪)得荸荠皮乙醇浸膏;将浸膏用水捏溶后,用30L石油醚萃取,进一步减压浓缩得石油醚萃取物156g;将石油醚萃取物进行硅胶柱层析(柱子的规格是长1m,直径为20cm的硅胶是200-300目),依次用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=100:0、100:1、50:1、30:1、20:1、10:1、5:1、3:1、1:1洗脱(5秒一滴);收集30:1的洗脱液,最终获得本专利所涉及的化合物98.31mg。
对所得产物进行鉴定,经高分辨质谱、核磁技术表征,鉴定该化合物为4-Hydroxylonchocarpin(3):C20H18O4,obtained as yellow needles.EI-MS m/z(%):322.12[M]+.1H NMR(Chloroform-d,600MHz)δ7.78(1H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-β),7.71(1H,d,J=15.4Hz,H-6),7.65(1H,d,J=15.4Hz,H-2’,6’),7.44(1H,d,J=15.2Hz,H-α),6.88(2H,d,J=8.6Hz,H-3’,5’),6.63(1H,d,J=10.1Hz,H-4”),6.08(1H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-5),5.62(1H,d,J=10.1,1.0Hz,H-5”),1.46(6H,s,CH3×2).13C NMR(Chloroform-d,151MHz)δ192.18(CO),160.92(C-4),159.67(C-2),159.31(C-4’),144.50(C-β),130.61(C-2’,6’),128.12(C-6),128.57(C-5”),128.33(C-1’),117.38(C-α),116.11(C-4”),115.97(C-1),114.18(C-3),109.48(C-1),108.22(C-5),77.81(C-6”),28.37(CH3×2)。波谱数据与之前文献报告相符。
实施例2
对蚜虫的毒力测定
采用点滴法。将实施例1制备的化合物4-Hydroxylonchocarpin用丙酮溶解,制备得到浓度为50mg/mL的溶液,再用0.1%的吐温-80水稀释成1mg/mL、0.5mg/mL、0.25mg/mL、0.125mg/mL、0.625mg/mL。挑选大小一致、健康无翅的蚜虫,将药液用0.3μL的微量点滴器滴在蚜虫的前胸背板上。处理后将试虫放在具有滤纸的9cm的培养皿中,在皿内放置用湿润棉花包裹的蚕豆叶片上,并用保鲜膜将培养皿封口,并扎孔透气。以丙酮为阴性对照,1mg/mL苦参碱为阳性对照。每个处理3次重复,每个重复20头蚜虫。将处理好的培养皿置于相对湿度为60%~70%,温度为25±1℃,光暗周期为16:8的光照培养箱中。并在24h、48h后观察死亡虫数,计算校正死亡率。
并按照公式I计算校正死亡率,利用SPSS软件计算LC50。
结果见表1和表2。
表1化合物4-hydroxylonchocarpin(1mg/mL)对豌豆修尾蚜、麦长管蚜和豌豆蚜的触杀活性
*代表与苦参碱比,处理组具有差异显著性。
表2 4-hydroxylonchocarpin对豌豆修尾蚜、麦长管蚜和豌豆蚜的杀蚜毒力
由表1数据可知,4-hydroxylonchocarpin对豌豆修尾蚜、麦长管蚜和豌豆蚜均具有较好的触杀活性,在1mg/mL处理剂量下,对豌豆修尾蚜、麦长管蚜和豌豆蚜48h的校正死亡率分别为88.27%、84.06%和80.25%,显著高于植物源杀蚜化合物苦参碱。
表2中杀蚜毒力测定结果表明,化合物对对豌豆修尾蚜、麦长管蚜和豌豆蚜48h的LC50分别为97.24、140.63和112.31mg/L。
综上所述,本发明所述化合物4-hydroxylonchocarpin具有较强的杀蚜活性且杀蚜谱广,可有效应用于农业蚜虫的防治,还可作为植物源先导化合物创制新型杀蚜剂。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.结构式如式I所示的4-hydroxylonchocarpin在制备防治蚜虫的药物中的应用,
2.根据权利要求1所述应用,其特征在于,所述蚜虫包括蚜科昆虫。
3.根据权利要求2所述应用,其特征在于,所述蚜科昆虫包括以下一种或几种属的蚜虫:无网管蚜属(Acyrthosiphon)、修尾蚜属(Megoura)和Sitobion。
4.根据权利要求3所述应用,其特征在于,所述蚜虫包括豌豆修尾蚜(Megourajaponica)、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)和豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)。
5.根据权利要求1~4任意一项所述应用,其特征在于,所述4-hydroxylonchocarpin的提取方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将荸荠皮用无水乙醇提取,提取液经浓缩,得到荸荠皮乙醇浸膏;
2)将所述荸荠皮乙醇浸膏用极性较低的有机溶剂萃取,得到萃取液;
3)将所述萃取液经硅胶柱层析,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合液梯度洗脱,收集石油醚和乙酸乙酯的体积比为30:1的洗脱液,得到4-hydroxylonchocarpin。
6.根据权利要求5所述应用,其特征在于,所述荸荠皮和无水乙醇的质量体积比为8~12kg:9~11L。
7.根据权利要求5所述应用,其特征在于,所述极性较低的有机溶剂选自以下溶剂中的一种:石油醚、异戊烷、正戊烷和己烷。
8.根据权利要求5所述应用,其特征在于,所述硅胶柱层析时硅胶柱的规格为直径20cm,长度为1m;
硅胶的粒径为200~300目。
9.根据权利要求5所述应用,其特征在于,所述梯度洗脱时,使用的石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合液的体积比依次为100:0、100:1、50:1、30:1、20:1、10:1、5:1、3:1和1:1。
10.根据权利要求6~9任意一项所述应用,其特征在于,所述药物中4-hydroxylonchocarpin的浓度为98%。
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