CN114736020A - 一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,包括以下步骤:备料:碳质原料包括有石油焦、针状焦与煤沥青,在高温下进行热处理,温度为:1250℃‑1350℃,排除所含水分和挥发分,提高原料理化性能,磨粉:热处理后的石油焦和针状焦进行粉碎处理工作,并对石油焦进行筛分处理,混捏:将重量为10%~20%石油焦粉与粒度为D85~D95μm的60%~90%煤沥青进行充分混合,粉料混合时间为50~100分钟,轧片:将混捏好的碳质糊料在成型设备施加外部作用力下产生塑性变形制成生坯;本发明具有结构强度高、结构成型均匀、提高成品率、减少气孔、灰分较低的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石墨制造技术领域,尤其是涉及一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法。
背景技术
石墨具有耐高温性、导电性、导热性、润滑性和化学稳定性等特点,广泛应用于冶金、机械、环保、化工、耐火、电子、医药和军工等领域,在国民经济中的地位越来越重要,随着科技发展,各个应用领域对石墨材料性能提出了更高的要求,石墨材料通常采用煅烧焦作为骨料炭、改性沥青作为粘结剂,经机械混合后成型,石油焦按热处理温度分为:生焦和煅烧焦两种,前者由延迟焦化所得的石油焦,含有大量灰分,机械强度低,煅烧焦是生焦经煅烧而得;
在石墨生产过程中石油焦经热处理后纯度较低,生产出的产品因为纯度较低导致经高温处理后气孔率高,导致结构性能较差,无法满足市场的需要,不能满足使用要求,为此,我们提出一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有结构强度高、结构成型均匀、提高成品率、减少气孔、灰分较低的一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,解决了现有技术中的问题。
本发明的上述发明目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,步骤1,备料:碳质原料包括有石油焦、针状焦与煤沥青,在高温下进行热处理,温度为:1250℃-1350℃,排除所含水分和挥发分,提高原料理化性能;
步骤2,磨粉:热处理后的石油焦和针状焦进行粉碎处理工作,并对石油焦进行筛分处理;
步骤3,混捏:将重量为10%~20%石油焦粉与粒度为D85~D95μm的60%~90%煤沥青进行充分混合,粉料混合时间为50~100分钟;
步骤4,轧片:将混捏好的碳质糊料在成型设备施加外部作用力下产生塑性变形制成生坯;
a)模压成型:将粉状,粒状或纤维状的塑料放入成型温度下的模具型腔中,然后闭模加压而使其成型并固化的作业;
b)等静压:把被加工物体放置于盛满液体的密闭容器中,通过增压系统进行逐步加压对物体的各个表面施加以相等的压力,使其在不改变外观形状的情况下缩小分子间的距离增大密度而改善物质的物理性质;
步骤5,焙烧:碳制品生坯在填充料包装入加热炉内进行高温热处理,焙烧温度为1000-1250℃,使生坯中的煤沥青炭化,煤沥青炭化后形成的沥青焦将炭质骨料和粉料颗粒固结在一起;
步骤6,浸渍:将炭材料置于压力容器中,在温度800-1000℃,压力:3.0MPa-4.0MPa条件下将液态浸渍剂沥青浸入渗透到制品空隙中;
步骤7,石墨化:通过电加热方式对浸渍后的碳材料进行高温处理,将碳材料置于内热串接炉加热9-15小时进行石墨化处理;
步骤8,通气提纯:炉底放置若干通气管,温度上升达到2800度时通入氯气,与石墨产品中氧化物反应,转化为氯化物从而降低沸点,杂质受热分解气化,随后通入氮气吹扫炉内和管道内的残留物,净化产品;
步骤9,机械加工:碳石墨依靠切削加工达到所需尺寸、形状、精度等符合实用规格的制品。
本发明进一步设置为:所述步骤1中热处理后的石油焦真密度≥2.07g/cm3,电阻率≤550μΩ·m,针状焦真密度≥2.12g/cm3,电阻率≤500μΩ·m。
本发明进一步设置为:所述步骤2中,粉碎处理采用磨粉机将碳质原料磨细到粒径≤0.075mm,所述磨粉机采用球磨机或环辊辊磨粉机。
本发明进一步设置为:所述步骤5中焙烧后的生坯产生2-3%的收缩,质量损失8-10%,体积密降为1.6g/cm3,电阻率为40-50μΩ·m。
本发明进一步设置为:所述步骤6中浸渍分为三次,所述浸渍品增重率:一浸≥14%,二浸≥9%,三浸≥5%。
综上所述,本发明的有益技术效果为:
1.本一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,加入煤沥青后使干料和沥青混合均匀,液态沥青均匀涂布和浸润颗粒表面,形成一层沥青粘接层,把所有物料粘结在一起,进而形成均质的可塑性糊料,更加有利于成型,部分煤沥青浸透到碳质物料内部空隙,进一步提高了糊料的密度和粘结性,焙烧后的碳制品密度降低,减少了气孔率的出现,使得石墨制品具有较高的机械强度、较低的电阻率、较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
具体实施方式:
一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
实施例1:
1)备料:碳质原料包括有石油焦、针状焦与煤沥青,在高温下进行热处理,温度为:1250℃-1350℃,排除所含水分和挥发分,提高原料理化性能,热处理后的石油焦真密度≥2.07g/cm3,电阻率≤550μΩ·m,针状焦真密度≥2.12g/cm3,电阻率≤500μΩ·m;
2)磨粉:热处理后的石油焦和针状焦进行粉碎处理工作,并对石油焦进行筛分处理,粉碎处理采用磨粉机将碳质原料磨细到粒径≤0.075mm,所述磨粉机采用球磨机或环辊辊磨粉机;
3)混捏:将重量为10%~20%石油焦粉与粒度为D85~D95μm的60%~90%煤沥青进行充分混合,粉料混合时间为50~100分钟;
4)轧片:将混捏好的碳质糊料在成型设备施加外部作用力下产生塑性变形制成生坯;
a)模压成型:将粉状,粒状或纤维状的塑料放入成型温度下的模具型腔中,然后闭模加压而使其成型并固化的作业,主要应用产品:电碳、低档次细结构石墨;
5)焙烧:碳制品生坯在填充料包装入加热炉内进行高温热处理,焙烧温度为1000-1250℃,使生坯中的煤沥青炭化,煤沥青炭化后形成的沥青焦将炭质骨料和粉料颗粒固结在一起,焙烧后的生坯产生2-3%的收缩,质量损失8-10%,体积密降为1.6g/cm3,电阻率为40-50μΩ·m;
6)浸渍:将炭材料置于压力容器中,在温度800-1000℃,压力:3.0MPa- 4.0MPa条件下将液态浸渍剂沥青浸入渗透到制品空隙中,步骤6中浸渍分为三次,所述浸渍品增重率:一浸≥14%,二浸≥9%,三浸≥5%;
7)石墨化:通过电加热方式对浸渍后的碳材料进行高温处理,将碳材料置于内热串接炉加热9-15小时进行石墨化处理;
8)通气提纯:炉底放置若干通气管,温度上升达到2800度时通入氯气,与石墨产品中氧化物反应,转化为氯化物从而降低沸点,杂质受热分解气化,随后通入氮气吹扫炉内和管道内的残留物,净化产品;
9)机械加工:碳石墨依靠切削加工达到所需尺寸、形状、精度等符合实用规格的制品。
实施例2:
1)备料:碳质原料包括有石油焦、针状焦与煤沥青,在高温下进行热处理,温度为:1250℃-1350℃,排除所含水分和挥发分,提高原料理化性能,热处理后的石油焦真密度≥2.07g/cm3,电阻率≤550μΩ·m,针状焦真密度≥2.12g/cm3,电阻率≤500μΩ·m;
2)磨粉:热处理后的石油焦和针状焦进行粉碎处理工作,并对石油焦进行筛分处理,粉碎处理采用磨粉机将碳质原料磨细到粒径≤0.075mm,所述磨粉机采用球磨机或环辊辊磨粉机;
3)混捏:将重量为10%~20%石油焦粉与粒度为D85~D95μm的60%~90%煤沥青进行充分混合,粉料混合时间为50~100分钟;
4)轧片:将混捏好的碳质糊料在成型设备施加外部作用力下产生塑性变形制成生坯;
b)等静压:把被加工物体放置于盛满液体的密闭容器中,通过增压系统进行逐步加压对物体的各个表面施加以相等的压力,使其在不改变外观形状的情况下缩小分子间的距离增大密度而改善物质的物理性质,主要应用产品:同性石墨、异性石墨;
5)焙烧:碳制品生坯在填充料包装入加热炉内进行高温热处理,焙烧温度为1000-1250℃,使生坯中的煤沥青炭化,煤沥青炭化后形成的沥青焦将炭质骨料和粉料颗粒固结在一起,焙烧后的生坯产生2-3%的收缩,质量损失8-10%,体积密降为1.6g/cm3,电阻率为40-50μΩ·m;
6)浸渍:将炭材料置于压力容器中,在温度800-1000℃,压力:3.0MPa- 4.0MPa条件下将液态浸渍剂沥青浸入渗透到制品空隙中,步骤6中浸渍分为三次,所述浸渍品增重率:一浸≥14%,二浸≥9%,三浸≥5%;
7)石墨化:通过电加热方式对浸渍后的碳材料进行高温处理,将碳材料置于内热串接炉加热9-15小时进行石墨化处理;
8)通气提纯:炉底放置若干通气管,温度上升达到2800度时通入氯气,与石墨产品中氧化物反应,转化为氯化物从而降低沸点,杂质受热分解气化,随后通入氮气吹扫炉内和管道内的残留物,净化产品;
9)机械加工:碳石墨依靠切削加工达到所需尺寸、形状、精度等符合实用规格的制品。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (5)
1.一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,所述该生产方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,备料:碳质原料包括有石油焦、针状焦与煤沥青,在高温下进行热处理,温度为:1250℃-1350℃,排除所含水分和挥发分,提高原料理化性能;
步骤2,磨粉:热处理后的石油焦和针状焦进行粉碎处理工作,并对石油焦进行筛分处理;
步骤3,混捏:将重量为10%~20%石油焦粉与粒度为D85~D95μm的60%~90%煤沥青进行充分混合,粉料混合时间为50~100分钟;
步骤4,轧片:将混捏好的碳质糊料在成型设备施加外部作用力下产生塑性变形制成生坯;
a)模压成型:将粉状,粒状或纤维状的塑料放入成型温度下的模具型腔中,然后闭模加压而使其成型并固化的作业;
b)等静压:把被加工物体放置于盛满液体的密闭容器中,通过增压系统进行逐步加压对物体的各个表面施加以相等的压力,使其在不改变外观形状的情况下缩小分子间的距离增大密度而改善物质的物理性质;
步骤5,焙烧:碳制品生坯在填充料包装入加热炉内进行高温热处理,焙烧温度为1000-1250℃,使生坯中的煤沥青炭化,煤沥青炭化后形成的沥青焦将炭质骨料和粉料颗粒固结在一起;
步骤6,浸渍:将炭材料置于压力容器中,在温度800-1000℃,压力:3.0MPa- 4.0MPa条件下将液态浸渍剂沥青浸入渗透到制品空隙中;
步骤7,石墨化:通过电加热方式对浸渍后的碳材料进行高温处理,将碳材料置于内热串接炉加热9-15小时进行石墨化处理;
步骤8,通气提纯:炉底放置若干通气管,温度上升达到2800度时通入氯气,与石墨产品中氧化物反应,转化为氯化物从而降低沸点,杂质受热分解气化,随后通入氮气吹扫炉内和管道内的残留物,净化产品;
步骤9,机械加工:碳石墨依靠切削加工达到所需尺寸、形状、精度等符合实用规格的制品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中热处理后的石油焦真密度≥2.07g/cm3,电阻率≤550μΩ·m,针状焦真密度≥2.12g/cm3,电阻率≤500μΩ·m。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2中,粉碎处理采用磨粉机将碳质原料磨细到粒径≤0.075mm,所述磨粉机采用球磨机或环辊辊磨粉机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5中焙烧后的生坯产生2-3%的收缩,质量损失8-10%,体积密降为1.6g/cm3,电阻率为40-50μΩ·m。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种石墨舟石墨的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤6中浸渍分为三次,所述浸渍品增重率:一浸≥14%,二浸≥9%,三浸≥5%。
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