CN1147344C - 从液体中滤出微粒的方法和装置 - Google Patents
从液体中滤出微粒的方法和装置Info
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Abstract
一种从液体中滤出微粒的方法和装置,其中含有微粒的液体加到沉淀容器(12)中,液体由容器的静压流过一过滤构件(18),该过滤构件安装在容器(12)内的鼓的壳表面上。当容器中的液体由于过滤构件(18)的阻塞而上升到鼓(14)上方的预定高度时,起动容器内的过滤构件(18)的清洁工作。
Description
本发明关于从液体中滤出微粒、尤其是关于通过作用在沉浸在容器的液体中的过滤构件上的静压、从液体中滤出微粒的方法和装置。
为了从液体中滤出固态微粒,在加工工业中已知有多种不同的过滤原理,它们用于过滤各种微粒和各种过滤液的过滤程度。由于很多过滤器的价格相当高,人们已研制了多种过滤器结构,其中鼓式过滤器、砂式过滤器、涂层式过滤器等等的过滤构件以某种方式自清洗、如采用回流冲洗或采用刮片或刷子类工具等来清除积累在过滤器上的滤饼的过滤表面。然而这种自清洗过滤器的缺点是它们会产生将来必须进行进一步处理的废物。在砂式过滤器中,废水流亦即冲洗水约占总水流的5~10%。采用如刮片和刷子之类的机械方式来清洁过滤器表面通常与空气发生接触,这会阻塞过滤表面。
EP-0 848 977 A2描述了一种从液体中滤出微粒的方法和装置,其中含有微粒的液体供到清洁容器中,由容器中的静态液压产生液体,该液体流过在容器中连续转动的鼓壳表面上的微粒收集过滤构件,然后,鼓内的清洁液由一出口排出。鼓在其2/3的高度上沉浸在液体中时操作,它的壳表面的内侧上的过滤器由鼓转动时来自鼓内侧的压缩空气产生的回冲洗来连续进行清洁,过滤器的清洁工作发生在液面上方的空气中。
本发明的目的在于消除已知过滤系统中的缺点,并提供一种从液体中过滤微粒的方法和装置,其中自清洁过滤系统并不消耗过滤物,也不会产生来自液体混合物的除污泥外的其它废物,污泥由过滤构件收集、其中清洁系统在液面下方操作,从而避免过滤构件的阻塞、并可增大清洁装置的过滤能力。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种从液体中过滤微粒的方法,其中含有微粒的液体供到沉淀容器中,该液体在容器的静态液压下流过微粒收集过滤构件,该过滤构件安装在鼓上,鼓可转动地安装在容器内,此后鼓内的清洁后的液体通过出口排出,其特征在于:当容器中的液体由于过滤构件的阻塞上升到鼓上方的预定高度时,开始对容器中的过滤构件的清洁工作,本发明还提供了一种从液体中过滤出微粒的装置,包括一个具有待过滤液体的入口的容器,一个在容器内可绕水平轴转动地安装的鼓,一个在鼓的壳表面上的过滤构件,液体可通过该构件从外向内流入鼓内,以从液体中分离出微粒;一个用作清洁液的鼓中的过滤物出口,一个用作过滤分离出的和沉淀的微粒污泥的下部出口,和一个用以清洁过滤构件的构件,其特征在于:一个高度监视器安置成在到达容器中的鼓上方的预定液面高度时,起动过滤构件的清洁工作。
在附图中:
图1是本发明过滤装置的第一个实施例的侧视图,它由静压操作,污泥容器连到它上;
图2是图1过滤装置的端视图,
图3是过滤鼓的透视图,该鼓形成图1和2的过滤装置的一部分,该图示出过滤构件安装在它的壳表面时的情况;
图4示出一过滤装置,它包括装在一个共用容器中的多个过滤鼓,
图5是本发明过滤装置的替换实施例的侧视图,
图6是图5装置的端视图,
图7是类似于图5的视图,但是对图1~3的发明的第一实施例的装置的改型,
图8是图7装置的端视图。
图1表示本发明的由静压操作的过滤装置的第一个实施例。通常以10代表的过滤装置包括一个沉淀容器12,其中装有过滤鼓14,它绕着水平轴转动,并具有开孔的壳表面16,最好是金属网形式的过滤构件18(图3)夹在壳表面16的上方。图3表示过滤网18安装在开孔的壳表面16上的情形,过滤网18的一端边缘20固定壳表面的纵向边缘或槽中,而另一个端边缘22固定到鼓14的壳部26的相应边缘24上,该边缘24可绕着铰链28转动。壳部26除了形成过滤网的固定件外,还形成一个开口,通过该开口可接近鼓14的内部。
鼓14通过枢轴30、32安装在容器12内,至少一个枢轴30可做成中空的,从而形成鼓14内过滤物的出口31。一个电动马达36安置成能使鼓14转动,以清洁过滤网18,下面将详细描述这一点。
连到容器12上的是待过滤的液体如含有微粒的油的入口34。在容器12的底部,有一个可打开和可关闭的污泥出口38,该出口连到下方的污泥容器40上。
为了清洁过滤网18,当它被外部污泥微粒阻塞时,刮片或刷子类构件42由臂44装到靠近鼓14的外侧。
图1~3所示的过滤装置的实施例以下列方式操作:
当过滤过程开始时,空的容器12被含有微粒的液体通过入口34逐渐填满,液体可流过过滤网18并进入鼓14,较大的微粒直接落入容器12的底部,较小的微粒附着到过滤网18上。
当液面升到过滤液出口31的高度的上方时,由于作用在过滤网18上的静压引起在出口31上方的液柱而使过滤后的液体开始离开鼓14的内部。当过滤表面由下方的附着到它上的微粒和已积累的污泥微粒阻塞时,容器12中的液面上升,新的、较高的过滤网18的过滤表面用来过滤微粒。当自由液面46在过滤表面微粒积累的情况下上升到鼓14上方的某一预定高度时,该高度被容器中的高度监视器48测出,就开始过滤器清洁过程,为了使过滤鼓14转几转,起动电动马达36,在此期间,刮片或刷子类构件42刮掉聚集在过滤网18外侧上的过滤污泥,然后这些污泥沉积在容器12的底部,通过污泥出口38送到下方的污泥容器中。另外,污泥可用泵(未示出)或如图4所示刮片机构50从容器底部送出,在图4中,多个过滤鼓14安装在一个和同样的容器中,以此增大过滤能力。
在上述过滤过程中鼓14最好是静止不动的,而仅在清洁过滤网18时鼓14才转动。
对某些类型的污泥来说,在过滤网清洁时并不要求具有刮片或刷子类构件42,仅通过迅速转动时的离心力和鼓表面上出现的剪切力就足以使污泥脱落。在合适的情况下,在鼓14的内和/或外侧可安装片状驱动器52,它可从内向外产生对过滤网18的回流冲洗,或者在鼓14的外侧安装一制动器53,在鼓转动时在液体中产生涡流,从而使污泥脱落。
在该过滤过程中,污泥容器40中的污泥如图1所示由来自容器12和容器40的导流54汇聚,该导流54再由泵56重新循环到容器12中,而在容器40中的污泥在微粒流动期间一直在容器40中。
例子:
上述过滤装置已进行了试验,用来分离不锈钢的研磨油。这种油的粘度为30cSt,污染的油所含的微粒尺寸约为10~5000μm。该过滤器的直径为955mm,长度为1200mm,过滤表面面积为3.4m2,尼龙滤网的滤目宽度为50μm,自由过滤面积为0.42m2。
清洗装置包括30mm宽的刷子42,它沿整个过滤器的长度轴向安置。该刷子42固定在沉淀容器12内并贴靠着过滤表面。过滤器装填流速约为1000升/分钟。试验结果表明:滤出物差不多是大于100μm的微粒。在大约30分钟内,液体高度在过滤器正上方保持为常数,此后就迅速上升。这意味着大于500μm的微粒在过滤表面上的覆盖过程约要1分钟,此后主要的过滤是通过滤饼本身进行的。在大约30分钟的操作后,滤饼完全被阻塞。当液面高度到达监视器48监视的高度时,起动清洁系统,即起动电动马达36,鼓形过滤器贴靠静止的刷子42转动2~3圈。然后,液面高度迅速降到过滤物出口正上方的原来位置,此后再次开始过滤过程。在上述相同的运行中,还能通过使鼓14转动较长时间(6~8圈)来简单地除去滤饼和清洁过滤构件18。在此情况下,液面高度迅速落到过滤物出口高度,以后的清洁所需的时间保持常数,这表明清洁是有效的。
图5和6表示本发明过滤装置的替换实施例。与图1~3的实施例不同,图5和6的实施例中的过滤构件包括如砂子那样的自由过滤颗粒的滤床58,滤床的密度大于液体的密度,滤床58位于过滤鼓14内侧,并由鼓14在某一速度上转动而形成,在过滤过程中速度产生稍大于1g的力。在此情况下安装在鼓14的壳表面内侧的是带开孔的滤网板,其孔径小于形成滤床58的最小的自由过滤微粒的直径。在静止状态下,鼓14可用如砂子之类填充到过滤物出口31的正下方的高度上,在过滤物出口同样也装有滤网板31,以防止过滤颗粒(如砂子)通过过滤物出口31流出。在该实施例中,鼓14的相对的过滤物出口的枢轴32形成污泥出口62。
在该实施例的过滤过程开始时,污泥出口阀38和64、以及过滤物阀66保持关闭,过滤物泵75仍然关闭,同时进口阀68打开,容器12填充悬浮液,此后关闭阀68。起动鼓14,鼓转动到宜使如砂子之类的过滤颗粒均匀地分布在壳表面上的滤网内侧,形成均匀厚度的均匀的过滤床58。此后起动过滤泵75,再打开入口阀68,并起动该过滤过程。污泥阀64适当地打开一较短时间,从而排出未过滤的液体,此后关闭污泥阀64、打开过滤物阀66、起动过滤物泵75。然后入口阀68以这样的方式调节流到鼓式过滤器的液流,使液面46的高度基本保持为常数。当滤床58被阻塞时,滤床中的压力增大,容器12中液面高度上升到高度监视器48的高度,然后关闭入口阀68和过滤物阀66,过滤物泵75和电动马达36停止,因此鼓14转动停止。污染了的过滤床58破碎了,比液体重的过滤颗粒(如砂子)落在鼓14中。当鼓14停止转动时,产生的涡流有效地清洗并除去过滤颗粒中的污泥。然后在沉淀的过滤颗粒上方的鼓中的污泥流通过打开污泥阀64排放出去,此后再短期地打开下方的污泥出口阀38,以排出沉淀的污泥,然后再重复该过滤过程。
颗粒床58可包含同样密度的均匀颗粒或不同密度的颗粒,这样可形成不同颗粒厚度和性质的不同的层。通过采用图5和6的实施例中描述的这种类型的过滤床58来进行过滤,就可进行深度过滤,这在很多应用中是必须的。
图7和8表示图1~3实施例中的改型,它能在清洁鼓式过滤器18时部分保留聚集在过滤器表面上的一层微粒污泥。这是因为已经发现,污泥一定程度地覆盖在过滤器外侧能够形成能滤掉非常细小颗粒的过滤器,否则这些细小颗粒就会穿过过滤器18。为了确保在清洁时通过刮片或刷子类构件42的、保留在过滤器18的外侧上的微粒污泥的合适的层厚,设计了两个支臂机构44、45那样的支臂系统,每个臂45的端部装有一个浮球70,从而当液面高度升高时,使刮片或刷子类构件42绕着转轴72朝过滤器18转动,同时微型开关74起动电动马达36,以转动鼓14。这样刷子类构件42可除去大部分聚集在过滤器表面上的污泥,容器12中的自由液面再次下落,该液面作用在浮球上,使刷子类构件转离鼓式过滤器18,同时微型开关74断开电动马达,使鼓14停止转动。留在鼓式过滤器18上的污泥用以协助过滤器18过滤掉可能通过过滤器18的微小的颗粒,这就改进了过滤性能并提高了该装置的过滤能力。
Claims (19)
1.从液体中过滤微粒的方法,其中含有微粒的液体供到沉淀容器(12)中,该液体在容器(12)的静态液压下流过微粒收集过滤构件(18,58),该过滤构件安装在鼓(14)上,鼓(14)可转动地安装在容器内,此后鼓(14)内的清洁后的液体通过出口(31)排出,其特征在于:当容器中的液体由于过滤构件(18,58)的阻塞上升到鼓(14)上方的预定高度时,开始对容器中的过滤构件(18,58)的清洁工作。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:在鼓(14)转动期间,刮片构件(42)刮擦过滤构件(18)的外侧。
3.按照权利要求2的方法,其特征在于:当清洁过滤表面时,刮片构件(42)贴靠成在清洁工作完成时使一些微粒保留在过滤表面上。
4.按照权利要求1~3中任何一个的方法,其特征在于:在过滤过程中鼓(14)保持静止。
5.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:容器(12)中的液体流过鼓壳表面内侧上的过滤构件(58),该过滤构件为由鼓转动形成的过滤颗粒滤床(58)。
6.按照权利要求5的方法,其中过滤颗粒包括砂粒,其特征在于:当过滤液体时,鼓(14)可在其边缘上产生大于1g的离心力的速度上转动。
7.按照权利要求5或6的方法,其特征在于:由颗粒滤床(58)形成的过滤构件通过使鼓(14)转动,以产生使颗粒床(58)被破碎和搅拌的程度,通过污泥出口(62)将自由聚集的污泥排出鼓(14)。
8.一种从液体中过滤出微粒的装置,包括一个具有待过滤液体的入口(34,68)的容器(12),一个在容器(12)内可绕水平轴转动地安装的鼓(14),一个在鼓(14)的壳表面上的过滤构件(18,58),液体可通过该构件从外向内流入鼓内,以从液体中分离出微粒;一个用作清洁液的鼓中的过滤物出口(31),一个用作过滤分离出的和沉淀的微粒污泥的下部出口(38),和一个用以清洁过滤构件的构件(42,52,36),其特征在于:一个高度监视器(48)安置成在到达容器(12)中的鼓(14)上方的预定液面高度时,起动过滤构件(18,58)的清洁工作。
9.按照权利要求8的装置,其特征在于:过滤构件呈金属滤网形式,它夹在鼓(14)的带开孔的壳板的外侧。
10.按照权利要求9的装置,其中鼓(14)具有可转动的壳部(26),用以夹住和释放过滤网(18)。
11.按照权利要求8~10中任何一个的装置,其特征在于:清洁构件包括安置成贴靠过滤构件(18)外侧的刮片构件(42),当鼓(14)转动时,能刮掉过滤表面上的聚集的污泥。
12.按照权利要求11的装置,其特征在于:刮片构件(42)由浮球操作的臂系统(44,45)安置成贴靠过滤构件(18)的外侧。
13.按照权利要求8~10中任何一个的装置,其特征在于:清洁构件包括安置在鼓的壳板(16)内侧上的液体驱动器(52),用以在鼓(14)转动时回流冲洗过滤网(18)。
14.按照权利要求8的装置,其特征在于:过滤构件由过滤颗粒的滤床(58)形成,在鼓转动时,过滤颗粒贴靠鼓(14)壳板(16)的内侧,该颗粒的密度大于要过滤的液体的密度,其中清洁构件包括使鼓(14)产生转动的装置,该装置使鼓转动到使颗粒滤床(58)破碎和搅拌的程度自由聚集的污泥通过污泥出口(62)排出鼓(14)。
15.按照权利要求14的装置,其特征在于:颗粒滤床(58)由砂子组成。
16.按照权利要求14或15的装置,其特征在于:鼓(14)的每个端壁安装在一个具有中空枢轴(30,32)的转轴上,一个中空的枢轴(30)形成过滤物的出口(31),而另一中空转轴(32)形成聚集在滤床中的污泥的出口(62),出口(62)是可关闭的。
17.按照权利要求16的装置,其特征在于:在鼓处于静止状态时,鼓(14)内填充的过滤颗粒高达鼓的出口(31,62)正下方的高度。
18.按照权利要求8的装置,其特征在于:具有过滤构件的多个鼓可转动地安装在同一个容器内。
19.按照权利要求18的装置,其特征在于:刮擦传送器(50)安置在容器的底部,用以将分离的微粒污泥传到污泥出口。
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SE9901577A SE514311C2 (sv) | 1999-05-03 | 1999-05-03 | Förfarande och anordning för filtrering av partiklar ur en vätska |
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AU (1) | AU4791000A (zh) |
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ES (1) | ES2270831T3 (zh) |
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JP4267452B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-18 | 2009-05-27 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | ダイナミック濾過体モジュール |
US6714713B2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2004-03-30 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Optical fiber having a low-shrink buffer layer and methods of manufacturing the same |
SE525213C2 (sv) * | 2003-05-23 | 2004-12-28 | Hyosong M Lee | Förfarande och anordning för kontinuerlig filtrering av partiklar ur en vätska |
US7347933B2 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2008-03-25 | Intake Screens, Inc. | Self-cleaning intake screen |
US20070090041A1 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-04-26 | Berry Russell M Iii | Self-cleaning intake screen |
US8070963B2 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2011-12-06 | Odis Irrigation Equipment Ltd. | Method and system for backwashing a filter |
DE102009010484A1 (de) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-08-26 | Gea Westfalia Separator Gmbh | Filtrationsverfahren und -vorrichtung |
PL395340A1 (pl) | 2011-06-20 | 2013-01-07 | Doe Spólka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Sposób mycia siatki filtracyjnej oraz filtr do stosowania tego sposobu |
US9856151B2 (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2018-01-02 | Fluence Corporation LLC | Multistage filtrating pre-treatment for desalination of oilfield produced water |
NL2012621B1 (nl) * | 2014-04-15 | 2016-05-09 | Van Den Berg Bart | Trommelfilter voor waterfiltratie en werkwijze daarvoor. |
SE539965C2 (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2018-02-13 | Veolia Water Solutions & Tech | Filter panel with a controlled liquid lift, and a drum filter for filtering liquid |
CN106731203B (zh) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-09-07 | 李允杰 | 一种固液试剂配置过滤装置 |
SE1751419A1 (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-04-23 | Valmet Oy | Green liquor clarification using sedimentation tank during white liquor preparation |
CN108114528A (zh) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-06-05 | 无锡雪浪环境科技股份有限公司 | 烟气脱酸用石灰浆净化装置 |
CN108671604A (zh) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-10-19 | 苏州新纽顿环保科技有限公司 | 一种智能过滤机及其使用方法 |
US20200078894A1 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Manufacturing Productivity Systems | Coolant filtration system |
DE102018131208A1 (de) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-10 | Mutec-Markgraf Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Trennen von Suspensionen |
CN109603225A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-12 | 安徽普氏生态环境工程有限公司 | 一种便于移动的固液分离设备 |
CN111346410B (zh) * | 2020-03-30 | 2022-07-05 | 广州兴森快捷电路科技有限公司 | 过滤清扫装置 |
CN111906084A (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-11-10 | 哈尔滨鼎智瑞光科技有限公司 | 一种金属烧结过滤器高效清洗装置及清洗方法 |
CN112588179B (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-08-12 | 江西科态新材料科技有限公司 | 一种环保型水性油墨的制备装置 |
US20220355225A1 (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-10 | Lyco Manufacturing Inc. | Externally Fed Screen for Filtration |
CN113582429A (zh) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-02 | 浙江米皇新材股份有限公司 | 一种表面处理废水回收利用装置 |
CN116658131B (zh) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-10-10 | 招远金河石油设备技术开发有限公司 | 振动网筒滤砂筛管装置 |
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ATE337065T1 (de) | 2006-09-15 |
SE514311C2 (sv) | 2001-02-05 |
SE9901577D0 (sv) | 1999-05-03 |
CN1302220A (zh) | 2001-07-04 |
SE9901577L (sv) | 2000-11-04 |
US6500344B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 |
AU4791000A (en) | 2000-11-17 |
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