CN114733497A - 一种光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜及其制备方法和应用,属于膜材料制备技术领域。采用静电纺丝的方法合成光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜。该膜材料能够高效去除水环境中的有机污染物,并通过在可见光下降解污染物的方式实现再生和循环利用,为环境中有机污染物的去除提供了一种潜在的解决方案。该膜材料的合成方法简单便捷,适用范围广,具有较大的应用潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于膜材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
20 世纪以来,随着制造业的快速发展和农业的工业化,地表和地下水资源中发现了多种有机污染物,如农用化学品、染料和药品等。这些有机污染物在环境中大多具有持久性和生物毒性,可能对生态系统的平衡和人类的健康造成影响。因此,从环境中去除这些有机污染物具有重要的意义。金属有机框架是一类具有周期性网络结构的多孔晶体材料,受到了研究者们的广泛关注。这类材料是利用有机配体和过渡金属阳离子或者金属离子团,通过配位键合形成的、具有高度啮合结构的配位聚合物。高比表面积、规则的多孔结构和可修饰的特点使金属有机框架在应用于有机污染物的吸附去除方面显示出巨大的潜力。
目前也存在一些金属有机框架,其具有高效去除水环境中有机污染物的能力,并可以在可见光下通过降解污染物的方式实现材料的原位再生。然而,材料通常以粉末的形式存在,使用时分散在水溶液中难以回收。这增加了材料的使用成本,是实际应用中急需解决的问题。
针对材料在使用后难以分离的问题,我们提出了通过静电纺丝技术将金属有机框架负载到膜上的改性策略。合成的金属有机框架复合膜,具有在水环境中易于分离的优势,使材料具备实际应用的潜力。同时,由于金属有机框架的负载,复合膜能够高效去除水环境中的有机污染物并可以在光再生后循环利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜及其制备方法和应用。该膜材料能够高效去除水环境中的有机污染物,并通过在可见光下降解污染物的方式实现再生和循环利用,同时该膜材料的制备不需要复杂的工艺流程且适用范围广,有良好的应用前景。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明采用静电纺丝的方法合成光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜。该膜材料可应用于水环境中有机污染物的高效去除。
所述的高效去除有机污染物的可光再生的金属有机框架复合膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)金属有机框架的制备:
在 60 mL 玻璃瓶中加入 30 mL DMF,称取 100-110 mg 四氯化锆,70-80 mg 对苯二甲酸和 10-30 mg 四-羧基苯基-卟啉加入其中,超声 10-20 分钟。然后,将 0.7-1.0mL 乙酸加入到上述混合物中,并在 120 ℃ 下加热 18-24 小时。离心分离收集紫色固体,并用丙酮离心洗涤两遍。最后,将样品在 120 ℃ 下真空干燥 10-12 小时,得到金属有机框架。
(2)金属有机框架复合膜的制备:
首先,在 20 mL 烧杯中加入 10 mL DMF,称取 400 mg 金属有机框架、400 mg 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和 400 mg 聚丙烯腈加入烧杯中,并在 60 ℃ 的油浴锅中剧烈搅拌 5-6 小时。然后,将搅拌后的混合溶液作为静电纺丝液,在 22-24 V 的电压下,以 0.6-0.8 mL/h的进料速度静电纺丝 10-12 小时。之后,将静电纺丝所形成的膜浸于 50 % 的乙醇水溶液中加热 18-24 小时,以去除其中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。最后,将样品在 100 ℃ 下真空干燥10-12 小时,得到金属有机框架复合膜。
所述光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜能够高效去除水环境中的有机污染物,并通过在可见光下降解污染物的方式实现再生和循环利用。
本发明的显著优点在于:
(1)本发明首次通过静电纺丝技术将光可再生的金属有机框架(TCPP@UiO-66)负载于聚丙烯腈纤维膜上,合成一种光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜。
(2)本发明制备方法简单便捷,能够快速合成该膜材料。
(3)本发明制备的膜材料兼具静电纺丝膜和金属有机框架材料的优点,具有较高的孔隙率,能快速吸附去除有机污染物。
(4)本发明制备的膜材料在吸附去除污染物后,能在可见光的照射下产生单线态氧和空穴,通过单线态氧和空穴对所吸附污染物的降解,使材料具备再生和循环利用的能力,为环境中有机污染物的去除提供了一种潜在的解决方案,具有较高的实用价值。
附图说明
图 1 为实例 1 所得的金属有机框架与金属有机框架复合膜的 X 射线粉末衍射图;
图 2 为实例 1 所得的金属有机框架复合膜的扫描电镜图;
图 3 为实例 1 所得的金属有机框架复合膜对代表性有机污染物双氯芬酸钠的吸附等温线(由 Langmuir 模型拟合);
图 4 为实例 1 所得的金属有机框架复合膜对双氯芬酸钠的再生效率图;
图 5 为实例 1 所得的金属有机框架复合膜在不同自由基淬灭剂存在下对双氯芬酸钠的再生效率图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例 1
一种光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜,其制备过程包括以下步骤:
(1)金属有机框架的制备:
在 60 mL 玻璃瓶中加入 30 mL DMF,称取 100 mg 四氯化锆, 70 mg 对苯二甲酸和 10 mg 四-羧基苯基-卟啉加入其中,超声 20 分钟。然后,将 0.7 mL 乙酸加入到上述混合物中,并在 120 ℃ 下加热 24 小时。离心分离收集紫色固体,并用丙酮离心洗涤两遍。最后,将样品在 120 ℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时,得到金属有机框架,记为 MOF-1。
(2)金属有机框架复合膜的制备:
首先,在 20 mL 烧杯中加入 10 mL DMF,称取 400 mg 金属有机框架、400 mg 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和 400 mg 聚丙烯腈加入烧杯中,并在 60 ℃ 的油浴锅中剧烈搅拌 6 小时。然后,将搅拌后的混合溶液作为静电纺丝液,在 22 V 的电压下,以 0.6 mL/h 的进料速度静电纺丝 10 小时。之后,将静电纺丝所形成的膜浸于 50 % 的乙醇水溶液中加热 24小时,以去除其中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。最后,将样品在 100 ℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时,得到金属有机框架复合膜,记为 MOF-1/PAN。
实施例 2
具体步骤参考实施例 1,区别在于:所述步骤(1)金属有机框架的制备中四-羧基-苯基卟啉的投加量为 30 mg;所述步骤(1)中所得的金属有机框架记为 MOF-2;所述步骤(2)中所得的金属有机框架复合膜记为 MOF-2/PAN。
产品表征
图 1 为实施例 1 所得的金属有机框架与金属有机框架复合膜的 X 射线粉末衍射图。从图中可以看出,金属有机框架复合膜的主体衍射峰与金属有机框架几乎一致,表明金属有机框架成功负载于膜上,且负载不会改变金属有机框架的晶型结构。此外,金属有机框架复合膜的衍射图谱在 2θ = 20°左右有一个宽峰,属于载体(膜)的组成物质聚丙烯腈。
图 2 为实施例 1 所得的金属有机框架复合膜的扫描电镜图。从图中可以看出,金属有机框架复合膜在显微镜下,是长而连续的纤维,相互堆叠在一起,而金属有机框架纳米颗粒嵌入其中。纤维之间的大孔,可以为吸附溶液提供更多的空间,降低传质阻力。
性能测试
双氯芬酸钠属于非甾体抗炎药,是环境中常见的一种有机污染物。选用双氯芬酸钠作为代表污染物,通过金属有机框架复合膜对双氯芬酸钠的吸附等温线实验和再生实验,研究膜材料对污染物的去除性能。
图 3 为实施例 1 所得的金属有机框架复合膜对代表性有机污染物双氯芬酸钠的吸附等温线。吸附等温线实验的实验条件:膜材料的用量为 10 mg,反应体系分别为 10、20、40、80、120、160、250 mg/L 的双氯芬酸钠水溶液(50 mL)。实验在恒温摇床中进行(200rpm,25 ℃),振荡反应 6 小时达到吸附平衡后,收集溶液样品并通过高效液相色谱检测双氯芬酸钠的浓度。
吸附等温线实验的实验结果:从图 3 中可以看出,金属有机框架复合膜对双氯芬酸钠的吸附表现为:在较低的初始浓度下,平衡吸附量随初始浓度的升高而迅速增加,在增加到一定值后逐渐趋于平稳。金属有机框架复合膜对双氯芬酸钠具有较强的吸附能力,通过 Langmuir 模型拟合计算,金属有机框架复合膜对双氯芬酸钠的最大吸附量为 202 mg/g。
图 4 为实施例 1 所得的金属有机框架复合膜对双氯芬酸钠的再生效率图。再生实验的实验条件:以 300 W 氙灯作为光源,入射光为可见光(λ≥ 420 nm),膜材料的用量为 10 mg,反应体系为 50 mL 20 mg/L 的双氯芬酸钠水溶液。暗反应 6 小时达到吸附平衡后,使用氙灯照射,在特定的时间间隔,收集溶液样品并通过高效液相色谱检测双氯芬酸钠的浓度。
再生实验的实验结果:金属有机框架复合膜通过对吸附在膜上的双氯芬酸钠的降解,从而实现材料的再生。溶液中双氯芬酸钠的降解效率即为金属有机框架复合膜的再生效率。从图 4 中可以看出,在可见光的照射下,金属有机框架复合膜对吸附在膜上的双氯芬酸钠产生快速降解,随着复合膜上双氯芬酸钠的逐渐减少,复合膜上的可用吸附位点逐渐恢复,进而复合膜得到再生。在可见光照射 4 小时后,复合膜对双氯芬酸钠的再生效率达到 95 %。
图 5 为实例 1 所得的金属有机框架复合膜在不同自由基淬灭剂存在下对双氯芬酸钠的再生效率图。实验条件:使用1 mM 糠醇(FFA)、异丙醇(IPA)、碳酸钠(Na2CO3)和EDTA-2Na 分别作为 1O2、•OH、•O2 - 和 空穴(h+)的淬灭剂,通过在再生实验中添加自由基淬灭剂,研究再生过程(即降解过程)中产生的活性物种。
实验结果:从图 5 中可以看出,当 FFA 或 EDTA-2Na 加入反应体系时,双氯芬酸钠的再生效率显著降低,表明 1O2 和 空穴(h+)在双氯芬酸钠的再生中起主要作用。然而,双氯芬酸钠的再生效率随 IPA 或 Na2CO3 的加入变化不大,表明 •OH 和 •O2 - 不是再生过程中主要的活性物种。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于:采用静电纺丝的方法将金属有机框架负载到聚丙烯腈纤维膜上,合成金属有机框架复合膜;具体包括以下步骤:
(1)金属有机框架的制备:在30 mL DMF中加入100-110 mg四氯化锆、70-80 mg对苯二甲酸和10-30 mg四-羧基苯基-卟啉,超声10-20分钟,再加入0.7-1.0 mL乙酸,并在120 ℃下加热18-24小时,离心分离收集紫色固体,并用丙酮离心洗涤两遍;最后,在120 ℃下真空干燥10-12小时,得到金属有机框架;
(2)金属有机框架复合膜的制备:在 10 mL DMF中加入400 mg 金属有机框架、400 mg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和 400 mg 聚丙烯腈,并在 60 ℃ 的油浴锅中剧烈搅拌 5-6 小时;然后,将搅拌后的混合溶液作为静电纺丝液,在高压下进行静电纺丝;之后,将静电纺丝所形成的膜浸于 50 % 的乙醇水溶液中加热 18-24 小时,以去除其中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;最后,在100 ℃ 下真空干燥 10-12 小时,得到光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)静电纺丝的电压具体为 22-24 V;静电纺丝的进料速率具体为 0.6-0.8 mL/h;静电纺丝的时间具体为 10-12小时。
3.一种如权利要求1-2任一项所述的制备方法制得的光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜。
4.一种如权利要求3所述的光可再生的金属有机框架复合膜在去除水环境中的有机污染物中的应用。
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