CN1147277A - 直流加热冶金容器的炉底电极 - Google Patents

直流加热冶金容器的炉底电极 Download PDF

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CN1147277A
CN1147277A CN95192838A CN95192838A CN1147277A CN 1147277 A CN1147277 A CN 1147277A CN 95192838 A CN95192838 A CN 95192838A CN 95192838 A CN95192838 A CN 95192838A CN 1147277 A CN1147277 A CN 1147277A
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hearth electrode
metal sheet
refractory
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metal
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CN1041438C (zh
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黑兹·斯塔克
赫里伯特·考尼格
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02Details
    • H05B7/06Electrodes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46Details or accessories
    • C21C5/48Bottoms or tuyéres of converters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C5/5217Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5229Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in a direct current [DC] electric arc furnace
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085Arc furnaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/08Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种特别用来制造铁合金的直流加热冶金容器的炉底电极,该容器的金属外壳衬有耐火材料。为了在熔池与容器底炉的电极装置之间保证面积尽可能大的电接触和可靠的电流传输而电流馈线又不受耐火衬垫热负载的影响,本发明建议,安置于容器内室并装在冶金容器(10)耐火侧壁(12)下面的底板(22)由导电耐火材料构成;导电底板(22)周边环绕金属板(25);各金属板(25)与经由金属外壳(11)引出炉缸(10)的导电棒(31)相连;金属板(25)及导电棒(31)通过电绝缘料(32)与金属外壳(11)隔离。

Description

直流加热冶金容器的炉底电极
本发明涉及直流加热冶金容器的一种炉底电极。该冶金容器特别适用于制造铁合金,其金属外壳衬有耐火材料。
用直流电工作的容器,如熔炉、罐等,除了有伸入容器内的棒状电极通常作阴极外,还有装在底部或底部区域内的阳极。这种接触装置所寻求的目标,是在冶金容器内的金属熔池的周围建立阴极接触。阳极采用穿过容器底部的金属棒,  或者采用亦能导电的耐火捣料(Stampfmassen)或砖。这样我们就从专利文献DE3107454A1看到了沿罐的外缘在一个公共圆上设置成环形或弧形的接触装置。这种接触装置所连接的是也能占用较小一部分容器底的导电衬垫。
对于从该专利文献所看到的炉底电极来说,只是一部分容器底构成了电极。此外,已知的这种电极只适用于较小的容器,这是因为尤其在容器较大时不能预期底部热膨胀是均衡的。
还从DE3534750C2得知一种电热熔炉特别是直流电弧炉的炉底。在该专利中,发明者建议至少电加热熔炉的中央区域要有用作电极的导电材料层,而且在这种场合下使用高熔点非金属材料。该专利未说明馈电线和导电底板之间应如何实现接触。
本发明的任务是提供一种直流加热冶金容器的炉底电极,用以保证面积尽可能大的电接触,并同时保证熔池与位于容器底部的电极装置之间可靠的电流传输,而馈电线不受耐火衬垫热负载的影响。
本发明这样来达到目的:安置于容器内室冶金容器耐火侧壁下面的底板由导电耐火材料构成;导电底板的周边上环绕有金属板;各金属板连接至由金属外壳引出炉缸的导电棒;金属板及导电棒由电绝缘层与金属外壳隔离。
依据发明,配置在耐火侧壁下面的冶金容器底由导电材料构成。容器底的周围配有金属板,它们各自与伸出炉缸的电接点连接。各金属板接连排列而构成与中心轴平行的接触板环。该接触板环无缝隙地靠着导电底板的外缘,因而处在可靠地传输电流的状态。在金属板上紧密地安装与其相接的棒状构件,这些构件以辐射状穿过容器壁而向外引出,并在外面连接一汇流线。由于耐火材料的热膨胀,实现了与最好用铜制造的金属板的可靠接触。在底部内衬内的接触板通过隔绝空气来防止锈蚀。
通过底部采用导电耐火材料实现了金属熔池与铜板之间的高效率接触。通过将整个电极设置在熔池之下做到了接触在最大程度上不受填充系数(Fuellgrad)的影响。这一点在所要生产的众多金属的电导率很不相同时在生产工艺技术上起到显著的积极作用。这里把炉底电极接成阳极,因而电流的流通促进了熔池受热产生的流动。
一种进一步的改进是一半金属板连接单独的一根导线。如若用电弧作电能传输,这种方法便避免了伸入冶金容器的电极与连接导电容器底的金属熔池之间不可控制的电弧偏转。
建议把用作结构材料的约含15%碳的精制镁砖(Feinmagnesitstein)作为炉底电极材料。这种材料的热导率低而电导率高。此外,它对要在冶金容器中制备或熔炼的一系列合金,尤其对铁合金是化学稳定的。
但是,也可以用大型板状碳砖作炉底电极,此外,建议用捣料制作容器底,这时可通过增加金属夹杂物对这种捣料的电导率产生良好影响。
导电耐火材料制成的电极是在受保证的状态下安装在冶金容器耐火侧壁的下面。金属外壳和炉底电极之间有缓冲与绝缘料,它为使接触可靠,把金属板压在炉底电极的周边上而不损坏耐火材料。
为避免不确定的电流流过炉缸的金属外壳,将电流从耐火炉底电极传输到馈电线的金属部是对金属容器隔离而不通电的。
为能在馈电线与连接导电板的棒之间无损害地承受任何移动,这些连接线被安排成柔性电缆。
实施本发明的示例见图所示,并将在后文中加以介绍。所示为:
图1为冶金容器截面图。
图2为导电零部件电路。
图1示出炉缸10,其中插入一接成阴极的棒状电极21。炉缸10有金属外壳11,并具有耐火侧壁12和耐火炉底13。紧靠耐火侧壁12的下面装有耐火材料制成的炉底电极22。在图的左部,炉底电极22用捣料23制造。在本示例中,捣料23中有金属夹杂物27。在图的右侧,炉底电极被绘成碗形,另外是由两层砖24和28所构成。
在炉底电极22的周边上装有金属板25,它们通过缓冲材料26支撑在金属外壳11上。金属板25上固定有导电棒31,它穿过缓冲材料26和金属外壳引出容器10。同时,导电棒31有一绝缘体32用于隔断电流。导电棒31经由柔性电缆35与一馈电线33或34连接。阴极21和阳极22连接由整流器36、变压器37和扼流圈38构成的供电设备。
图2概略示出靠在炉底电极22上的各个金属板25与接成阴极的棒状电极的电路。在上图中,各个金属板25分成两半,使半个容器11的相邻金属板25经由导电棒31连接第一馈电线33,而另一半以同方式连接馈电线34。在下图中,各相邻金属板分别连接馈电线33或馈电线34。
明细表:10炉缸11金属外壳12耐火侧壁13耐火底板14支撑砖20电极21棒状电极(阴极)22炉底电极(阳极)23捣料24砖25金属板26缓冲和绝缘料27金属夹杂物28第二耐火层30导电件31导电棒32电绝缘33第一半馈电线34第二半馈电线35柔性电缆36整流器37变压器38扼流圈I中轴

Claims (11)

1.直流加热冶金容器的炉底电极,该容器特别用于制造铁合金,具有内衬耐火材料的金属外壳。其特征是:安置于容器内室而装在冶金容器(10)耐火侧壁(12)下面的底板(22)由导电耐火材料构成;导电底板(32)的周边上环绕有金属板(25);各金属板(25)连接至由金属外壳(11)引出炉缸(10)的导电棒(31);金属板(25)及导电棒(31)由电绝缘层(32)与金属外壳隔离。
2.权利要求1所述的炉底电极,其特征是,金属板(25)由铜制成,并呈L形截面,其一个臂指离炉子中心点。
3.权利要求1所述的炉底电极,其特征是,导电耐火材料(22)为烧制的镁砖,其碳含量为10%至20%。
4.权利要求1所述的炉底电极,其特征是,在导电底板(22)和容器金属外壳(11)之间安置有耐火的缓冲和绝缘料(26)。
5.权利要求4所述的炉底电极,其特征是,导电底板(22)呈碗形,由一耐火环所环绕,该环装在缓冲和绝缘料(26)与碗形炉底电极(24)之间构成支撑砖。
6.权利要求1所述的炉底电极,其特征是,容器底的导电耐火材料(22)由一种耐火捣料(23)构成。
7.权利要求6所述的炉底电极,其特征是,耐火捣料(23)包含金属夹杂物(27)。
8.权利要求7所述的炉底电极,其特征是,金属夹杂物(27)放射状地向导电底板(23)的周边延伸时金属含量增大。
9.上述权项中任一项所述炉底电极,其特征是,金属板(25)的数量分成两半,各有一半金属板连接一根在外面环绕炉红(10)的馈电线(33,34)。
10.权利要求9所述的炉底电极,其特征是,各有一半金属板的馈电线(33,34)引到供电设备(36,37,38)。
11.权利要求9所述的炉底电极,其特征是,在连接金属板(25)的导电棒(31)与馈电线(33或34)之间安置有柔性电缆(35)。
CN95192838A 1994-03-30 1995-03-29 直流加热冶金容器的炉底电极 Expired - Fee Related CN1041438C (zh)

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DE4411591A DE4411591C2 (de) 1994-03-30 1994-03-30 Bodenelektrode eines mit Gleichstrom beheizten Ofens
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JP (1) JP3332927B2 (zh)
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AT (1) ATE176003T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU702259B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9507250A (zh)
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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107218800A (zh) * 2017-06-20 2017-09-29 许玉蕊 一种直流电弧炉
CN107270701A (zh) * 2016-07-12 2017-10-20 上海彭浦特种耐火材料厂有限公司 直流电弧炉底电极结构及其应用
RU221301U1 (ru) * 2023-08-03 2023-10-30 Акционерное общество "Химико-металлургический завод" Устройство нагрева капилляров из молибденового стекла, запаянных и заполненных щелочным металлом

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DE10047393A1 (de) * 2000-07-11 2002-01-24 Wolfgang Lutz Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur automatischen Erfassung und Verarbeitung von Betriebskosten
DE10049959B4 (de) * 2000-10-10 2005-10-06 Georgsmarienhütte Gmbh Elektroofen für die Stahlherstellung
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CN110167226B (zh) * 2019-05-10 2024-06-04 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 一种双电极直流电弧炉引弧装置及其方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107270701A (zh) * 2016-07-12 2017-10-20 上海彭浦特种耐火材料厂有限公司 直流电弧炉底电极结构及其应用
CN107218800A (zh) * 2017-06-20 2017-09-29 许玉蕊 一种直流电弧炉
CN107218800B (zh) * 2017-06-20 2019-07-19 青岛大学 一种直流电弧炉
RU221301U1 (ru) * 2023-08-03 2023-10-30 Акционерное общество "Химико-металлургический завод" Устройство нагрева капилляров из молибденового стекла, запаянных и заполненных щелочным металлом

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EP0753077A1 (de) 1997-01-15
US5809055A (en) 1998-09-15
ATE176003T1 (de) 1999-02-15
DE4411591C2 (de) 1996-06-05
WO1995027084A1 (de) 1995-10-12
CN1041438C (zh) 1998-12-30
BR9507250A (pt) 1997-09-02
KR100353763B1 (ko) 2002-12-18
DE4411591A1 (de) 1995-10-05
AU2253395A (en) 1995-10-23
JPH09511324A (ja) 1997-11-11
AU702259B2 (en) 1999-02-18
ZA952642B (en) 1996-01-02
EP0753077B1 (de) 1999-01-20
JP3332927B2 (ja) 2002-10-07
RU2107236C1 (ru) 1998-03-20

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