CN114711349B - Batwing larva feeding attractant composition and application thereof - Google Patents
Batwing larva feeding attractant composition and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hepialus larva feeding attractant composition and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of insect feeding attractants. The invention relates to a hepialus larva feeding attractant composition, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.5 to 4 parts of dibutyl phthalate, 0.3 to 1 part of pentadecane, 1 to 3 parts of ethyl linoleate, 1 to 1.5 parts of carnosine and 2 to 2.5 parts of p-isopropyl toluene, and the suction effect on hepialus larva is obviously enhanced; feeding larvae with the feed added with the feeding attractant of the invention, the 15-day weight gain rate is significantly higher than that of the non-added group; the food attractant provided by the invention has low cost and simple and convenient use, thereby reducing the raising cost of hepialus larvae and being beneficial to promoting the industrialization of cordyceps sinensis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insect feeding attractants, in particular to a hepialus larva feeding attractant composition and application thereof.
Background
Cordyceps sinensis is a well-known Chinese medicinal material, has the effects of tonifying kidney, benefiting lung, stopping bleeding, resolving phlegm, regulating physiological activities such as immunity, resisting tumor, resisting oxidation, resisting virus and the like, and is a good product for treatment and health care. The demand for Cordyceps sinensis is increasing at home and abroad, but the Cordyceps sinensis has the advantages of limited distribution area, long growth time, and insufficient natural yield, and the ecological environment for Cordyceps sinensis growth is destroyed due to factors such as excessive digging and climate warming, so that the Cordyceps sinensis distribution range is reduced and the yield is obviously reduced.
Hepialus is the main host of Cordyceps sinensis, belonging to Lepidoptera (Lepidotera), hepialaceae (Hepialidae), which is a completely allergic insect with the longest larval stage. In the artificial cultivation process of Cordyceps sinensis, large-scale feeding of host hepialus insect is a key technology. The current feed for hepialus insects is mainly obtained from natural plants such as carrot, polygonum aviculare, potentilla anserine, apple, potato and the like. However, hepialus larvae have poor feeding efficiency on food. If a compound for inducing the larvae to feed is added in the feeding process, the feeding efficiency of the larvae is improved, and the upgrading of the hepialus artificial breeding technology is greatly promoted. However, no report on hepialus larva feeding attractant is currently available.
When only feeding feed, the hepialus larva can have a antifeedant period, and the feeding efficiency is difficult to improve. Compared with a method for feeding the feed only, the feeding efficiency of the larvae on the feed can be improved pertinently and continuously by adding the feeding attractant, and the operation is simple. The food attractant can be used together with artificial feed, so that not only can the feeding efficiency of larvae be improved, but also the feeding cost of cordyceps sinensis host insects can be reduced.
Therefore, the artificial breeding industry of Cordyceps sinensis needs a lure containing a hepialus larva feeding attractant composition, and the larvae are induced to timely feed a large amount of feeds, so that the feeding efficiency of the larvae is improved, the feeding period is shortened, and the feeding cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a food attractant composition for hepialus larvae and application thereof, which improve the feeding efficiency of artificially cultivated hepialus larvae, thereby reducing the feeding cost of hepialus larvae and promoting the industrialization of cordyceps sinensis. The invention also provides application of the phagostimulant composition in attracting hepialus larva to eat and a phagostimulant core containing the phagostimulant composition.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a hepialus larva feeding attractant composition comprising the following components: dibutyl phthalate, pentadecane, ethyl linoleate, caryophyllus, and p-isopropyl toluene.
Preferably, the food attractant composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.5-4 parts of dibutyl phthalate, 0.3-1 part of pentadecane, 1-3 parts of ethyl linoleate, 1-1.5 parts of caryophyllin and 2-2.5 parts of p-isopropyl toluene.
Preferably, the food attractant composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3.3 parts of dibutyl phthalate, 0.7 part of pentadecane, 2.5 parts of ethyl linoleate, 1.3 parts of caryophyllin and 2.2 parts of p-isopropyl toluene.
A second object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-described phagostimulant composition for attracting hepialus larvae for feeding.
Preferably, the hepialus larvae are 4-instar hepialus larvae.
Preferably, the application comprises applying the feeding attractant to a blank lure.
Preferably, the food attractant composition is added to the feed.
More preferably, the method comprises the steps of: the food attractant composition is dissolved in normal hexane to prepare a normal hexane solution of the multicomponent synergist, and the normal hexane solution is evenly dripped on feed and is used for feeding after the normal hexane is volatilized.
More preferably, 100 μg of the food attractant composition is added per g of feed.
More preferably, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of polygonum aviculare root, 25 parts of soybean powder, 25 parts of bran, 15 parts of yeast powder, 10 parts of sucrose, 15 parts of casein, 10 parts of agar, 500 parts of water, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 4.5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3 parts of sorbic acid, 3 parts of nipagin and 8 parts of compound vitamin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The bat moth larva feeding attractant composition provided by the invention has the advantages that the ingredients are used for attracting larva to feed according to the proportion, the attraction effect is obviously enhanced, and the attraction rate is more than 60%.
(2) The 15-day weight gain rate of larvae of the feeding attractant group of the invention reaches 18.8%, which is significantly higher than that of the control group added with solvent only by 11.3% and the blank group by 1.7%.
(3) The food attractant provided by the invention has low cost and simple and convenient use, thereby reducing the raising cost of hepialus larvae and being beneficial to promoting the industrialization of cordyceps sinensis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of an indoor test of hepialus larva feeding attractant, 1-5 are the effects of using a single compound to lure, M is the effects of using a self-contained hepialus larva feeding attractant composition to lure, and N1-N3 are the effects of using natural odors to lure; the abscissa represents the percentage of hepialus larvae per total group, the percentage of larvae selected for treatment is represented by the black bar graph, the percentage of larvae selected for control is represented by the gray bar graph, and the percentage of larvae not selected for both treatment and control is represented by the white bar graph; each group of data was statistically tested by chi-square and marked with a significant difference to indicate P < 0.05, i.e. the feeding attractant used had a significant attractive effect on hepialus larvae.
Fig. 2 is the results of an indoor feeding trial of hepialus larvae feeding attractant, white bar graph as blank control, grey as solvent control, black as feeding attractant treatment. Each group of data was paired for t-test for differences in weight from 0 day larvae, marked with a significant difference, for P < 0.05, i.e. the feeding attractant used had a significant weighting effect on hepialus larvae.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elaborated in connection with the following specific embodiments, which are provided solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 feeding efficiency of the feeding attractant composition of the present invention on hepialus larvae
An indoor experiment of attracting hepialus larvae with a feeding attractant was conducted at the institute of animal research, academy of sciences, guangdong, and the center of bioengineering, at day 9 and 16 of 2021.
The food attractant comprises dibutyl phthalate, pentadecane, ethyl linoleate, caryophyllin and p-isopropyl toluene, and the purities of the components are 100%.
The method comprises the steps of respectively preparing dibutyl phthalate, pentadecane, ethyl linoleate, caryophyllin and p-isopropyl toluene solution with the concentration of 10 mg/ml by taking normal hexane as a solvent, respectively dripping 200 microliters of the compound onto a spacer of a reverse mouth rubber plug (product of Ferro Mongolian Hangzhou) cleaned by normal hexane, and obtaining the food attractant lure after the normal hexane volatilizes. The prepared food attractant lure is filled into aluminum foil for sealing and is preserved at the temperature of minus 20 ℃.
The ingredients were mixed according to the composition shown in table 1 and dissolved in n-hexane to prepare a multicomponent synergistic n-hexane solution, the total concentration of the multicomponent mixture being 10 mg/ml, each ml of solution containing dibutyl phthalate 3.3 mg, pentadecane 0.7 mg, ethyl linoleate 2.5 mg, caryophyllin 1.3 mg and p-isopropyl toluene 2.2 mg. 200 microliters of the mixed solution is dripped on a spacer of a reverse mouth rubber plug which is cleaned by using normal hexane, and the food attractant lure is prepared after the normal hexane volatilizes. The prepared multicomponent food attractant lure is filled into aluminum foil for sealing and stored at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ to obtain the composite lure.
TABLE 1 composition of multicomponent food attractant
N-hexane is used as an extractant to extract natural volatile odors of potentilla anserine, carrots and polygonum fagopyrum, the natural volatile odors are dehydrated by anhydrous calcium chloride after 24 hours, 200 microliters of the prepared n-hexane solution containing the natural odors are respectively dripped on a spacer of a rubber plug cleaned by n-hexane, and the natural odor food attractant lure is prepared after the n-hexane volatilizes. The prepared food attractant lure is filled into aluminum foil for sealing and is preserved at the temperature of minus 20 ℃.
The larvae of hepialus armoricanus (thitardes larva) of 4 instar were selected and placed in petri dishes (diameter=15 cm) and starved for 2 hours at 10 ℃. A single component or combined lure is randomly placed along the inner wall of the culture dish, and a lure with n-hexane dropwise added is placed on the opposite side to serve as a control. One end of hepialus larva was carefully clamped with forceps and placed in the center of the culture dish, the dish cover was closed, the selection of the larvae for lure was recorded, and the total time period was recorded for 3 minutes. Every 5 larvae are tested to replace the lure, and each lure corresponds to one culture dish. If hepialus larvae are attracted by the feeding attractant, the hepialus larvae can climb to the lure core where the feeding attractant component is dripped. For each food attractant, 30 larvae were set as replicates.
The test results are shown in Table 2.1-5 groups are the effects of the lure prepared by using single compounds of dibutyl phthalate, pentadecane, ethyl linoleate, caryophyllus element and p-isopropyl toluene respectively; group M is the effect of attracting cores using the self-contained hepialus larva feeding attractant composition; the N1-N3 groups are respectively the effects of inducing cores by using natural smell of Potentilla anserine, carrot and polygonum orientale. As can be seen from the table, the attraction rate of hepialus larvae using the natural odor lure core is 33.3% -43.3%; after the food attractant containing the hepialus larvae of the embodiment is used for attracting, the attraction rate of the single compound attracting the hepialus larvae reaches 33.3-50.0%, and the attraction effect of the composition attracting the cores is obviously enhanced, and the attraction rate reaches 66.7%. (attraction = number of larvae selected for treatment/total number of larvae x 100%)
The chi-square statistical test was performed on all the test data, and P < 0.05 indicated that the lure used had a significant difference in lure to hepialus larvae, and the results are shown in fig. 1.
TABLE 2 selection test data using the lures of TABLE 1
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | M | N1 | N2 | N3 |
| Selection process (/) | 12 | 10 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 20 | 11 | 10 | 13 |
| Selection of controls | 6 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 10 |
| Without selection of | 12 | 15 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 3 | 12 | 13 | 7 |
EXAMPLE 2 Effect of the feeding attractant composition of the present invention on the weight of hepialus larvae
An indoor experiment of attracting hepialus larvae with a feeding attractant was conducted at the institute of animal research, academy of sciences, guangdong, and the center of bioengineering, at day 11 and 1 of 2021.
The food attractant comprises dibutyl phthalate, pentadecane, ethyl linoleate, caryophyllin and p-isopropyl toluene, and the purities of the components are 100%.
The ingredients were mixed according to the composition shown in table 1 and dissolved in n-hexane to prepare a n-hexane solution of a multicomponent synergist, i.e., a feeding attractant solution, the total concentration of the multicomponent mixture was 10 mg/ml, and each ml of the solution contained dibutyl phthalate, pentadecane 0.7 mg, ethyl linoleate 2.5 mg, caryophyllin 1.3 mg and p-isopropyl toluene 2.2 mg. The artificial feed (comprising 75 parts of polygonum pieces per bead, 25 parts of soybean powder, 25 parts of bran, 15 parts of yeast powder, 10 parts of sucrose, 15 parts of casein, 10 parts of agar, 500 parts of water, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 4.5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3 parts of sorbic acid, 3 parts of nipagin and 8 parts of vitamins produced by Guangzhou Kaixin pharmaceutical company, which are uniformly mixed according to the content) is cut into cubes with the weight of 1 gram, 10 microliters of food attractant solution is uniformly dripped onto the feed from the top, and the mixture is placed for 5 minutes for feeding test after n-hexane volatilizes completely. The control group was performed using untreated feed (blank control) and an equal volume of n-hexane treated feed (solvent control), respectively.
Well developed larvae of small Jin Fue (Thitarodesxiaojinensis) 4 years are selected, starved for 1 day and placed individually in 9cm dishes and fed with the above feed at 10 ℃. Each larva body weight was weighed on the first day of the test, and again after 15 days of the test setup, the change in larva body weight between treatments was examined. For each treatment, 15 larvae were set as replicates.
The test results are shown in Table 3. As a result of calculating the 15-day-old Jin Fue larval gain rate for each treatment using the weight gain rate = (post-treatment weight-pre-treatment weight)/pre-treatment weight x 100% formula, it was found that the 15-day gain rate for larvae of the feeding attractant group reached 18.8%, which was significantly higher than that of the solvent group 11.3% and the blank group 1.7%.
Table 3 results of feeding test on larvae of small Jin Fue age (data units: g)
Paired t-test was performed on all experimental data, with P < 0.05 indicating significant differences in the attractiveness of the used lure to hepialus larvae, as seen in figure 2.
Example 3
The food attractant composition is prepared according to different weight proportions in the embodiment, and specifically comprises the following components: 1.5 parts of dibutyl phthalate, 0.3 part of pentadecane, 1 part of ethyl linoleate, 1 part of caryophyllin and 2 parts of p-isopropyl toluene. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the above components are mixed and dissolved in n-hexane to prepare the n-hexane solution of the multicomponent synergist.
Example 4
The food attractant composition is prepared according to different weight proportions in the embodiment, and specifically comprises the following components: 4 parts of dibutyl phthalate, 1 part of pentadecane, 3 parts of ethyl linoleate, 1.5 parts of caryophyllin and 2.5 parts of p-isopropyl toluene. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the above components are mixed and dissolved in n-hexane to prepare the n-hexane solution of the multicomponent synergist.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The hepialus larva feeding attractant composition is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1.5-4 parts of dibutyl phthalate, 0.3-1 part of pentadecane, 1-3 parts of ethyl linoleate, 1-1.5 parts of caryophyllin and 2-2.5 parts of p-isopropyl toluene.
2. The phagostimulant composition of claim 1, consisting of the following components in parts by weight: 3.3 parts of dibutyl phthalate, 0.7 part of pentadecane, 2.5 parts of ethyl linoleate, 1.3 parts of caryophyllin and 2.2 parts of p-isopropyl toluene.
3. Use of a feeding attractant composition according to any one of claims 1-2 for attracting hepialus larvae for feeding.
4. The use according to claim 3, wherein said hepialus larvae are 4-instar hepialus larvae.
5. Use according to claim 3, wherein the feeding attractant composition is added to a feed.
6. The use according to claim 5, characterized by the steps of: the food attractant composition is dissolved in normal hexane to prepare a normal hexane solution of the multicomponent synergist, and the normal hexane solution is evenly dripped on feed and is used for feeding after the normal hexane is volatilized.
7. The use according to claim 5, wherein 100 μg of the food attractant composition is added per g of feed.
8. The use according to claim 5, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of polygonum aviculare root, 25 parts of soybean powder, 25 parts of bran, 15 parts of yeast powder, 10 parts of sucrose, 15 parts of casein, 10 parts of agar, 500 parts of water, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 4.5 parts of ascorbic acid, 3 parts of sorbic acid, 3 parts of nipagin and 8 parts of compound vitamin.
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| CN103315002A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-25 | 中国科学院动物研究所 | Hyphantria cunea Drury attractant composition, its application and attracting core |
| CN106538902A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-29 | 广东省生物资源应用研究所 | A kind of man-made feeds of Vespertilio moth larvae and preparation method thereof |
| CN112514900A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-19 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | Attractant composition applying tea-wing stinkbug attractant synergist and application and lure thereof |
| CN113678827A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-23 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | Attractant composition for black cutworm larvae and application thereof |
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| CN103315002A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-25 | 中国科学院动物研究所 | Hyphantria cunea Drury attractant composition, its application and attracting core |
| CN106538902A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-29 | 广东省生物资源应用研究所 | A kind of man-made feeds of Vespertilio moth larvae and preparation method thereof |
| CN112514900A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-19 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | Attractant composition applying tea-wing stinkbug attractant synergist and application and lure thereof |
| CN113678827A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-23 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | Attractant composition for black cutworm larvae and application thereof |
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