CN114700067A - 一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- DKUYEPUUXLQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;molybdenum;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mo].[Mo].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] DKUYEPUUXLQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料,涉及光催化技术领域,其化学式为Bi4MoO9,由以下步骤制成:(1)将硝酸铋溶解在适量去离子水中,搅拌下加入分散剂反应1h;将可溶性钒盐溶解于适量水中搅拌30min;将上述溶液混合搅拌成前驱体溶液A;(2)将硝酸铋和Na2MoO4·2H2O分别溶于适量的硝酸与氢氧化钠中,然后在硝酸铋溶液加入柠檬酸;然后将上述溶液混合形成前驱体溶液B;(3)分别将溶液A和B的pH调至7,静置后将其混合转移至水热反应釜反应;(4)反应釜冷却后,抽滤得到的粉末干燥后高温焙烧,得样品。制备出的光催化材料氧空位活性很高,反应条件简单,方便控制,且对罗丹明6B具有很强的降解效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化技术领域,尤其是涉及一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在元素周期表中,铋元素位于第六周期第VA族,具有比较稳定的化学性质,区别于一般金属氧化物,铋系半导体化合物的能带结构具有独特性,它的价带(VB)由Bi 6s与O2p轨道杂化而成,这使价带位置提高,禁带宽度变小,从而拓展了材料对可见光的响应;同时这种独特的电子结构使价带能级更为分散,能促进光生电子与空穴的分离,因此铋系化合物是一类新型高效的半导体光催化材料。而铋的多元复合金属氧化物有多种晶体结构和电子结构,以钼酸铋为例,是一类高效的可见光催化材料,在光催化的各个领域研究和应用比较多。
钼酸铋有三种晶相,其中γ-Bi2MoO6的可见光光催化活性较高,其制备方法有很多种,比如固相合成法,溶剂热法等,通过控制合成反应中的条件来控制晶体的生长以及形貌,从而能进一步改善其光催化性能。中国专利文献(申请号2018109607022)公开一种富含表面氧缺陷的钼酸铋光催化材料,该钼酸铋光催化材料的表面通过焙烧引入氧缺陷。该发明还公开了该富含表面氧缺陷的钼酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:步骤1,制备钼酸铋基催化材料;步骤2,通过焙烧将氧缺陷引入步骤1得到的钼酸铋基催化材料的表面,制备得到富含表面氧缺陷的钼酸铋光催化材料。该专利是通过焙烧在光催化材料表面引入氧缺陷提高其催化性能,相对于对其表面形貌的控制,其对钼酸铋催化性能的优化有限。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料以及制备方法,通过控制反应条件,制备出氧空位活性很高,反应条件简单,方便控制,且对罗丹明6B具有很强的降解效果。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料,化学式为Bi4MoO9。
一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶解在适量去离子水中,搅拌下加入分散剂反应1h;然后将可溶性钒盐溶解于适量水中搅拌30min;最后将上述溶液混合搅拌30min形成稳定的前驱体溶液A,所述Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O、分散剂和可溶性钒盐的摩尔比为1:3:1;
(2)将Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶于适量的硝酸中形成溶液Ⅰ,将Na2MoO4·2H2O溶于氢氧化钠中形成溶液Ⅱ,然后在溶液Ⅰ加入柠檬酸;然后将混有柠檬酸的溶液Ⅰ与溶液Ⅱ混合,形成稳定的前驱体溶液B,所述Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O、硝酸、Na2MoO4·2H2O、氢氧化钠和柠檬酸的摩尔比为2:18-22:1:18-22:1.8-2.2;
(3)分别将溶液A和B的pH调至7,静置1.5-2.5h; 然后将溶液A和B混合后转移至水热反应釜中,160℃下反应24h;
(4)反应釜冷却后,取出溶液抽滤,滤渣依次用水和无水乙醇洗涤8次,得到的粉末在60℃下干燥6h,然后高温焙烧,即得到样品。
进一步的,所述分散剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
进一步的,所述可溶性钒盐为NH4VO3。
进一步的,所述溶液A中硝酸铋和溶液B中硝酸铋的摩尔比为1:12。
进一步的,高温焙烧是在220-230℃焙烧2-2.5h。
一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料在光催化降解罗丹明B方面的应用。。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明公开一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料,结构式为Bi4MoO9,含有氧空位,氧空位含量和活性很高,一方面,氧空位可直接激活溶解氧和吸附水产生氧化活性自由基,可进一步增强光催化性能。同时,氧空位可以作为光生电荷捕获中心和吸附位点,防止电子和空穴的复合,提升光生电荷的分离效率,也可进一步增强光催化性能,因此,本申请的富含氧空位的Bi4MoO9的具有优异的光催化性能。
2、将其应用于光催化降解罗丹明6B,其氧空位活性很高,可成为Bi4MoO9表面活性位点给出电子一方面给出电子可以直接激活罗丹明6B成为激发态分子,另一方面,活化溶解氧生产超氧自由基,也可以活化吸附水产生羟基自由基;超氧自由基和羟基自由基可以氧化降解罗丹明6B分子。另外光催化降解试验验证,本申请制备的光催化材料能够催化降解罗丹明6B,降解效率高。
3、本申请为制备富含氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料,在Bi(NO3)3中引入少量的高价金属V,在不改变Bi4MoO9晶体结构的前提下,提升了氧空位的含量,因此能够大大提高光催化的性能。同时在Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O、NH4VO3中添加少量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠,一方面有助于Bi(NO3)3的充分分散,另外还能调控催化剂的形貌。
为进一步调控催化剂的形貌提高催化性能,在步骤二中将Bi(NO3)3和分别溶于硝酸与氢氧化钠中,然后在硝酸铋溶液中加入柠檬酸,通过控制酸碱度调整晶体的形貌。
整个制备工艺简单,制备的产品纯度高,产品形貌均匀,适用于大规模工艺生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1产品的XRD图谱;
图2为本发明实施例1产品的扫描电镜图(a),样品的透射电镜图(b),样品的高分辨率透射电镜图(c)和元素成像能谱图(d);
图3为实施例1产品的XPS 全谱图和对应Bi、Mo和O元素高分辨率XPS谱图;
图4为实施例1和对比例1产品的固体室温EPR谱(a)和使用前后样品固体室温EPR谱;
图5为实施例1产品的光催化降解效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
(1)将0.5 mmol的Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶解在60ml去离子水中,恒定的搅拌下加入1.5mmol的十二烷基苯磺酸钠反应1h,然后将0.5 mmol的NH4VO3溶解于60ml水中搅拌30min;最后将上述溶液混合搅拌30min形成稳定的前驱体溶液A;
(2)将6mmol的Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶于60ml、1mol/L的硝酸中形成溶液Ⅰ,将3mmol的Na2MoO4·2H2O溶于60ml、1mol/L的氢氧化钠中形成溶液Ⅱ;在溶液Ⅰ中加入6mmol的柠檬酸;然后将混有柠檬酸的溶液Ⅰ与溶液Ⅱ混合,形成稳定的前驱体溶液B;
(3)分别将溶液A和B的pH调至7,静置2h; 然后将溶液A和B混合后转移至水热反应釜中,160℃下反应24h;
(4)反应釜冷却后,取出溶液抽滤,滤渣依次用水和无水乙醇洗涤8次,得到的粉末使用真空烘箱,在60℃下干燥6h,然后230℃加热2h,即得到样品。
实施例2
(1)将0.5 mmol的Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶解在60ml去离子水中,恒定的搅拌下加入1.5mmol的十二烷基苯磺酸钠反应1h,然后将0.5 mmol的NH4VO3溶解于60ml水中搅拌30min;最后将上述溶液混合搅拌30min形成稳定的前驱体溶液A;
(2)将6mmol的Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶于65ml、1mol/L的硝酸中形成溶液Ⅰ,将3mmol的Na2MoO4·2H2O溶于65ml、1mol/L的氢氧化钠中形成溶液Ⅱ;在溶液Ⅰ中加入6.5mmol的柠檬酸;然后将混有柠檬酸的溶液Ⅰ与溶液Ⅱ混合,形成稳定的前驱体溶液B;
(3)分别将溶液A和B的pH调至7,静置1.5h; 然后将溶液A和B混合后转移至水热反应釜中,160℃下反应24h;
(4)反应釜冷却后,取出溶液抽滤,得到的粉末使用真空烘箱,在60℃下干燥6h,然后220℃加热2.5h,即得到样品。
实施例3
(1)将0.5 mmol的Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶解在60ml去离子水中,恒定的搅拌下加入1.5mmol的十二烷基苯磺酸钠反应1h,然后将0.5 mmol的NH4VO3溶解于60ml水中搅拌30min;最后将上述溶液混合搅拌30min形成稳定的前驱体溶液A;
(2)将6mmol的Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶于55ml、1mol/L的硝酸中形成溶液Ⅰ,将3mmol的Na2MoO4·2H2O溶于55ml、1mol/L的氢氧化钠中形成溶液Ⅱ;在溶液Ⅰ中加入5.5mmol的柠檬酸;然后将混有柠檬酸的溶液Ⅰ与溶液Ⅱ混合,形成稳定的前驱体溶液B;
(3)分别将溶液A和B的pH调至7,静置2.5h; 然后将溶液A和B混合后转移至水热反应釜中,160℃下反应24h;
(4)反应釜冷却后,取出溶液抽滤,得到的粉末使用真空烘箱,在60℃下干燥6h,然后220℃加热2.5h,即得到样品。
对比例1
对比例1是实施例1的对比试验,不添加NH4VO3,其他工艺以及参数与实施例1完全相同。
性能表征以及光催化试验
1、XRD表征
图1的XRD图谱显示,样品的衍射峰的2Ɵ在27.3°、31.6°、45.5°、56.4°可归属于(111)、(200)、(220)、(222)晶面。每一个衍射峰都与标准卡片PDF#12-0149相匹配,因此可以确定本申请所制备的样品是高纯度的Bi4MoO9。
2、扫描电镜、透射电镜图、高分辨率透射电镜和元素成像表征
从样品的扫描电镜图(图2a)可以看出,样品为均匀的块状结构,样品的透射电镜图(图2b)进一步证实了样品结构为块状。
样品的高分辨率透射电镜图(图2c)中,由晶格条纹计算的晶面间距为0.327 nm,对应的是Bi4MoO9的(111)晶面。
元素成像能谱图(图2d)显示Bi、Mo和O三种元素的存在且均匀分布,上述实验结论进一步确认了本申请Bi4MoO9的成功制备,没有杂质,纯度很高。
3、XPS表征
从XPS 全谱图(图3a)可以进一步判定Bi、Mo和O三种元素的存在。电子结合能为164.9 eV和159.6 eV归属于Bi 4f 5/2 和Bi 4f 7/2。电子结合能为236.0 eV和232.8 eV归属于Mo 3d 3/2和Mo 3d 5/2,都可归于Mo6+。电子结合能530.3 eV归属于O 1s。上述分析结论进一步确认了Bi、Mo和O三种元素的存在,说明本申请成功制备了光催化剂Bi4MoO9。
4、光催化机理试验
样品固体室温EPR谱(a)和使用前后样品固体室温EPR谱参见图4,从样品固体室温EPR谱 (图4a, b)可以看出,所制备的Bi4MoO9含有氧空位。
图4a中是实施例1和对比例1中的样品固体室温EPR谱,可以明显看出,添加少量的NH4VO3,即少量V的引入会促进更多氧空位的形成,因此能极大地增加光催化效率。
同时,图4b显示经过三次重复光催化试验,氧空位的含量逐渐降低。这说明了本申请的氧空位在光催化反应过程发挥重要的作用,氧空位活性很高,可成为Bi4MoO9表面活性位点给出电子。一方面,给出电子可以直接激活罗丹明6B成为激发态分子。另一方面,活化溶解氧生产超氧自由基,也可以活化吸附水产生羟基自由基。超氧自由基和羟基自由基可以氧化降解罗丹明6B分子,从而达到降解作用。
4、光催化应用试验
使用罗丹明6B 溶液来模拟工业废水,使用PLS-SXE300DUV氙灯光源作为光源,光催化反应时分别称取100 mgBi4MoO9 加入100 mL、50 mg/L罗丹明6B溶液中,并在暗处搅拌30min,达到染料与光催化剂之间的吸脱附平衡。在降解过程中,可见光降液面与光源之间保持20cm的距离,并进行磁力搅拌。每隔一段时间移取3mL左右的罗丹明6B溶液。离心机3000r/min的条件下离心5min,取离心管上清液测定其吸光度。罗丹明6B的降解率用C/C0表示,其中C0—初始溶液的吸光度;C—不同降解反应时间下溶液的吸光度。
降解结果参见图5,罗丹明6B 的在相同光照作用下,自降解几乎可以忽略不计。而Bi4MoO9在模拟可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明6B,在60 min时其光催化降解效率可达到87.0%,催化效果显著。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (7)
1.一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料,其特征在于:化学式为Bi4MoO9。
2.一种权利要求1所述的富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶解在适量去离子水中,搅拌下加入分散剂反应1h;然后将可溶性钒盐溶解于适量水中搅拌30min;最后将上述溶液混合搅拌30min形成稳定的前驱体溶液A,所述Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O、分散剂和可溶性钒盐的摩尔比为1:3:1;
(2)将Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O溶于适量的硝酸中形成溶液Ⅰ,将Na2MoO4·2H2O溶于氢氧化钠中形成溶液Ⅱ,然后在溶液Ⅰ加入柠檬酸;然后将混有柠檬酸的溶液Ⅰ与溶液Ⅱ混合,形成稳定的前驱体溶液B,所述Bi(NO3)3· 5H2O、硝酸、Na2MoO4·2H2O、氢氧化钠和柠檬酸的摩尔比为2:18-22:1:18-22:1.8-2.2;
(3)分别将溶液A和B的pH调至7,静置1.5-2.5h; 然后将溶液A和B混合后转移至水热反应釜中,160℃下反应24h;
(4)反应釜冷却后,取出溶液抽滤,得到的粉末在60℃下干燥6h,然后高温焙烧,即得到样品。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述分散剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述可溶性钒盐为NH4VO3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶液A中硝酸铋和溶液B中硝酸铋的摩尔比为1:12。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于:高温焙烧是在220-230℃焙烧2-2.5h。
7.一种权利要求所述的富氧空位的钼酸铋光催化材料在光催化降解罗丹明B方面的应用。
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