CN114685329B - 一种p型热电材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
- C07C323/10—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C323/18—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
- C07C323/20—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton with singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07C319/02—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of thiols
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种p型热电材料及其制备方法。所述p型热电材料为Ag基配位聚合物,由式Ⅰ所示配体与醋酸银进行反应得到;其中,所述配体按照包括如下步骤的方法制备:S1、在惰性气氛下,苄硫醇与氢化钠反应得到苄硫醇钠,苄硫醇钠与四氯苯醌进行反应;S2、反应后的粗产物在二氧化锰存在的条件下进行反应,得到的2,3,5,6‑四苄硫基‑1,4‑苯醌;S3、在惰性气氛下,2,3,5,6‑四苄硫基‑1,4‑苯醌与三溴化硼在氟苯中进行反应;所得产物在惰性气氛下、在脱气的甲醇中进行反应即得。本发明Ag基配位聚合物的结晶性高,电导率与塞贝克系数高,对合成p型热电材料有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种p型热电材料及其制备方法,属于热电材料领域。
背景技术
电能是一种广泛应用的清洁能源,当今电能的主要来源为化石燃料燃烧。但由于化石燃料具有不可再生、燃烧造成环境污染、加剧温室效应等缺点,因此探索对环境友好的发电方式成为一种必然趋势。热电材料是一种可以将热能转化为电能的材料,因其转换过程无需机械运动部件,具有静音、寿命长、不污染环境等优点,因而受到广泛关注。在现有的热电材料中,虽然无机热电材料的性能较高,但其原料来源相对匮乏,制备方式相对复杂。而相比之下,有机无机杂化材料具有原料来源广泛、形式多样、制备简单等优点。
有机金属硫化物是一种由有机配体和金属节点组成的杂化材料。因配体和金属的选择多样,其组成、电子结构和性能具有极大的可调节性。通过合理的搭配,可以使其既具备无机材料的高电导特性,又具备有机材料的高塞贝克、低热导特性,进而得到高性能的热电材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新的配体DHTMB及其Ag基配位聚合物Ag-DHTMB,丰富了有机金属硫化物及其配体的种类,为探索更多具有优异热电性能的有机金属硫化物提供了基础。
本发明首次公开了1,4-二羟基-2,3,5,6-四巯基苯(DHTMB)配体及其与银离子的配位聚合物Ag-DHTMB,具体由四氯苯醌与苄硫醇钠的四氢呋喃体系中加热反应,粗产物通过二氧化锰氧化得到苄硫取代的对苯醌,进而通过三溴化硼脱苄基、甲醇醇解的方法得到DHTMB配体,并通过配体与醋酸银在甲醇中回流得到配位聚合物Ag-DHTMB,过滤并干燥后得到Ag-DHTMB微晶。
本发明首先提供式Ⅰ所示配体(DHTMB):
本发明还提供了所述配体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、在惰性气氛下,苄硫醇与氢化钠反应得到苄硫醇钠,所述苄硫醇钠与四氯苯醌进行反应;
S2、所述反应后的粗产物在二氧化锰存在的条件下进行反应,得到2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌;
S3、在惰性气氛下,所述2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌与三溴化硼在氟苯中进行反应;所得产物在惰性气氛下、在脱气的甲醇中进行反应,得到所述配体。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S1中,所述反应的溶剂为四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮;
所述反应的温度为25~60℃,时间为12~24h。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S1中,所述苄硫醇与所述四氯苯醌的摩尔比为4~8:1;
所述氢化钠的摩尔量与所述苄硫醇相同。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S2中,所述反应的溶剂为二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷;
所述二氧化锰与所述粗产物的摩尔比为2~4:1;
所述反应的温度为25~40℃,时间为12~24h。
上述的制备方法中,步骤S3中,采用冷冻-解冻的方式对所述甲醇进行脱气,需要重复至少三次;
所述2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌与所述三溴化硼的摩尔比为1:4~12;
所述反应的温度为70~85℃,时间为12~24h。
在所述配体的基础上,本发明还提供了一种Ag基配位聚合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在惰性气氛下,在脱气的甲醇或乙醇中,所述配体与醋酸银进行反应,过滤,依次用水、甲醇、乙醚清洗,干燥后得到Ag基配位聚合物,即Ag-DHTMB微晶;
所述反应的温度为70~85℃,时间为24~48h;
所述配体与所述醋酸银的摩尔比为1:1.5~3.5。
经测试,本发明制备的Ag-DHTMB微晶,在300K下,压块电导达0.37S·cm-1,塞贝克系数达196.72μV·K-1,功率因子可达1.43μW·m-1·K-2。
本发明制备的Ag-DHTMB微晶的晶体学结构参数如表1所示。
表1 本发明Ag-DHTMB微晶的晶体学结构参数
本发明具有如下有益技术效果:
原料来源广泛,廉价易得;制备所需设备简单,产物无需柱色谱分离,可大量制备;
附图说明
图1为本发明制备DHTMB及Ag-DHTMB的合成步骤流程图。
图2为本发明制备的DHTMB的1H核磁共振图。
图3为本发明制备的Ag-DHTMB微晶的同步辐射粉末X射线衍射峰及其与理论衍射峰的拟合图。
图4(a)为本发明制备的Ag-DHTMB微晶的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片。
图4(b)为本发明制备的Ag-DHTMB微晶的透射电子显微镜(TEM)图片。
图5为压块之后的Ag-DHTMB微晶的电导率曲线。
图6为压块之后的Ag-DHTMB微晶的塞贝克曲线。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、1,4-二羟基-2,3,5,6-四巯基苯(DHTMB)的制备
流程图如图1所示。
1、合成2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌
将3.072g氢化钠加入放有磁子的500mL两口瓶中,橡胶塞塞住一个瓶口,另一个瓶口连接双排管。抽出瓶内气体并通入氩气,重复3次。加入300mL四氢呋喃,边搅拌边加入9mL苄硫醇,室温下反应1小时后加入3.9g四氯苯醌。将反应体系加热至60℃,反应12小时后降为室温。向体系中加水,并用二氯甲烷萃取三次,萃取液用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤后得到滤液。旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,残余物中加入正己烷,过滤得到固体,置于真空干燥箱60℃干燥。将干燥的固体溶于二氯甲烷,加入2倍摩尔量的二氧化锰,室温搅拌12小时,过滤得到滤液。旋转蒸发仪蒸发滤液至少量,加入大量甲醇析出固体,过滤得到固体,置于真空干燥箱60℃干燥即得到2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌。
2、溶剂处理
将60mL甲醇加到250mL的具有支管的圆底瓶中,采用冷冻-解冻抽气法利用液氮脱去溶剂中的溶解氧,然后将圆底瓶接入氩气气氛。
3、合成1,4-二羟基-2,3,5,6-四巯基苯(DHTMB)
将0.5968g 2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌加入放有磁子的100mL两口瓶中,橡胶塞塞住一个瓶口,另一个瓶口连接双排管。抽出瓶内气体并通入氩气,重复3次。依次加入20mL氟苯与0.6mL三溴化硼(2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌与三溴化硼的摩尔比为1:6)。70℃下反应12小时后,温度降回室温。过滤得到固体,将固体加入50mL放有磁子两口瓶中,橡胶塞塞住一个瓶口,另一个瓶口连接双排管。抽出瓶内气体并通入氩气,重复3次。加入脱气的甲醇6mL,搅拌10分钟后过滤得到固体,真空干燥后即可得到DHTMB。
实施例2、Ag-DHTMB微晶的制备
流程图如图1所示。
将48mg DHTMB加入放有磁子的100mL两口瓶中,橡胶塞塞住一个瓶口,另一个瓶口连接双排管。抽出瓶内气体并通入氩气,重复3次。依次加入40mL脱气的甲醇与116.8mg醋酸银(DHTMB与醋酸银的摩尔比为1:3.5)。加热至回流,反应24小时后降回室温。过滤得到固体,依次用水、甲醇、乙醚清洗固体,60℃真空干燥即可得到Ag-DHTMB微晶。
实施例3、DHTMB与Ag-DHTMB微晶的表征
将少量制备得到的DHTMB溶于氘代甲苯溶剂中,对其进行1H-核磁共振表征;Ag-DHTMB微晶分别用于同步辐射粉末X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等对其进行表征,并在压块(2×5×0.2mm)后进行电导率、塞贝克系数等表征。
图2为DHTMB的1H核磁共振图,从图中可以看出,羟基与巯基的个数比为1:2,与其理论值相同。
图3为Ag-DHTMB微晶的同步辐射粉末X射线衍射峰及其与理论衍射峰的拟合图,可以看出Ag-DHTMB微晶的同步辐射粉末X射线衍射峰的半峰宽很窄,说明微晶的结晶度很高。与理论衍射峰相比,两者的峰位置和峰形基本一致,且衍射峰的强度区别不大。
图4(a)为Ag-DHTMB微晶的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图片,图4(b)为Ag-DHTMB微晶的透射电子显微镜(TEM)图片,从这两张图中可以看出其形貌为长约1.2μm、宽约600nm的微晶。
图5为压块之后的Ag-DHTMB微晶的电导率曲线,从图中可以看出在温度为300K时,其电导率为0.37S·cm-1。
图6为压块之后的Ag-DHTMB微晶的塞贝克曲线,从图可以看出,在300K至390K的温度范围内,其塞贝克基本呈现线性增加,是一种p型热电材料。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述配体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、在惰性气氛下,苄硫醇与氢化钠反应得到苄硫醇钠,所述苄硫醇钠与四氯苯醌进行反应;
S2、所述反应后的粗产物在二氧化锰存在的条件下进行反应,得到2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌;
S3、在惰性气氛下,所述2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌与三溴化硼在氟苯中进行反应;所得产物在惰性气氛下、在脱气的甲醇中进行反应,得到权利要求1所述配体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述反应的溶剂为四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮;
所述反应的温度为25~60℃,时间为12~24h。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,所述苄硫醇与所述四氯苯醌的摩尔比为4~8:1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述反应的溶剂为二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷;
所述二氧化锰与所述粗产物的摩尔比为2~4:1;
所述反应的温度为25~40℃,时间为12~24h。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,采用冷冻-解冻的方式对所述甲醇进行脱气;
所述2,3,5,6-四苄硫基-1,4-苯醌与所述三溴化硼的摩尔比为1:4~12;
所述反应的温度为70~85℃,时间为12~24h。
7.一种Ag基配位聚合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
在惰性气氛下,在脱气的甲醇或乙醇中,权利要求1所述配体与醋酸银进行反应即得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述反应的温度为70~85℃,时间为24~48h;
所述配体与所述醋酸银的摩尔比为1:1.5~3.5。
9.权利要求7或8所述方法制备的Ag基配位聚合物。
10.权利要求9所述Ag基配位聚合物在作为或制备p型热电材料中的应用。
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