CN114672139A - 一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114672139A
CN114672139A CN202210491602.6A CN202210491602A CN114672139A CN 114672139 A CN114672139 A CN 114672139A CN 202210491602 A CN202210491602 A CN 202210491602A CN 114672139 A CN114672139 A CN 114672139A
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林淑红
庞旭光
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Abstract

本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜及其制备方法;包括以下质量份数的原料有长链支化聚乳酸60~100份、聚对苯二甲酸‑己二酸‑丁二醇酯40~80份、改性聚丙撑碳酸酯12~25份、钛酸四丁酯1~6份、离子液体7~15份、增塑剂5~15份、增容剂3~8份;本发明使用钛酸四丁酯催化,使长链支化聚乳酸和聚对苯二甲酸‑己二酸‑丁二醇酯聚合,形成共聚物,后与改性聚丙撑碳酸酯聚合,增强共聚物韧性,在聚合中加入离子液体、增塑剂和增容剂同时参与聚合反应,增强各聚合物之间和界面之间的相容性,增强聚合效果,制得的薄膜生物降解性能好,塑性特征好,韧性好,力学强度高,且非生物降解成分含量少,对环境污染小。

Description

一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑料薄膜因其具有灵活、形状多变、轻便耐用、便于装运、价格低廉等优点,已经广泛应用于购物、食品、医药、化工等领域,随着塑料包装薄膜使用量的逐年增大,传统塑料薄膜的存在的问题也越来越严重,其传统包装薄膜不可降解,“白色污染”危害着人们的生活和环境。为此,上世纪末,提出淀粉添加型“可降解塑料”以解决白色污染。然而,经过几年的时间验证,以淀粉和不可降解塑料树脂为主要原料制得的不完全降解塑料在淀粉降解后,塑料薄膜崩解,不可降解部分形成残片,分散在自然界中,更难回收,对植物、动物产生持续的影响,近年来,在部分海洋生物体内发现“微塑料”,在植物根部发现残留的塑料薄膜碎片。为继续发挥塑料薄膜的优势,同时不对环境产生影响,发展可完全降解的塑料薄膜替代品是必然的道路。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜及其制备方法,制得的薄膜生物降解性能好,塑性特征好,韧性好,力学强度高,且非生物降解成分含量少,对环境污染小。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,包括以下质量份数的原料:
长链支化聚乳酸 60~100份,
聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯 40~80份,
改性聚丙撑碳酸酯 12~25份,
钛酸四丁酯 1~6份,
离子液体 7~15份,
增塑剂 5~15份,
增容剂 3~8份;
所述生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的长链支化聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、钛酸四丁酯加入到密炼机中,在190~210℃下,密炼1~2h,得到共聚物;
步骤二:将步骤一中得到的共聚物破碎过10目筛,后与质量份数的改性聚丙撑碳酸酯混合均匀,转移到熔融反应炉中,依次加入质量份数的离子液体、增塑剂、增容剂,加热到190~210℃,并以60~120r/min 的速度搅拌,反应0.5~1h得到熔融混合物树脂;
步骤三:将步骤二中得到的熔融混合物树脂转移到吹膜机中,设置吹膜温度为180~210℃,牵引速度为10~20m/min,吹胀比为2~6,吹塑成膜,得到生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜。
所述长链支化聚乳酸,为,取三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯与一定量的无水乙醇,搅拌,待完全溶解后,加入纳米氧化锌,超声分散,使得分散纳米氧化锌均匀,形成混合液,再将混合液与聚乳酸中混合,形成混合物,转移到密炼机中,在190~210℃下,密炼3~5h,得到长链支化聚乳酸。
所述长链支化聚乳酸制备中,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、无水乙醇、纳米氧化锌、聚乳酸的质量比为三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯:无水乙醇:纳米氧化锌:聚乳酸=3~8:20:0.3~0.5:100。
所述改性聚丙撑碳酸酯的制备为:依次取己二异氰酸酯、聚丙撑碳酸酯和二甲基甲酰胺加入带有搅拌器的反应容器中,60~80℃水浴加热,80~100r/min的速度搅拌1h,得到预聚体,然后加入1,4-丁二醇和辛酸亚锡,继续以0~100r/min的速度搅拌1~5h,缓慢降到室温,加入一定量的去离子水,产生沉淀,过滤后,再次加入一定量的去离子水,再次产生沉淀并过滤,将过滤后的固体物质转移到50℃烘箱中,烘干12h,得到改性聚丙撑碳酸酯;反应如下:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
所述改性聚丙撑碳酸酯的制备中,己二异氰酸酯、聚丙撑碳酸酯、二甲基甲酰胺、1,4-丁二醇和辛酸亚锡的质量比为己二异氰酸酯:聚丙撑碳酸酯:二甲基甲酰胺:1,4-丁二醇:辛酸亚锡=10:5:50:4~6:0.1~0.4;两次的去离子水均为己二异氰酸酯质量的5~10倍。
所述离子液体的制备为:取四丁基氢氧化磷加入一定量的无水乙醇中,并在冰浴中行磁力搅拌30min,形成四丁基氢氧化磷溶液;
取十二烷基膦酸加入一定量的无水乙醇中,搅拌30min,形成十二烷基膦酸溶液;
将十二烷基膦酸溶液缓慢滴加入到冰浴搅拌的四丁基氢氧化磷溶液中,然后将所得溶液油浴搅拌加热至80℃,冷凝回流12h,后50℃下旋蒸5~10min,除去多余的无水乙醇,后转移到40~50℃的烘箱中烘干12小时,得到黄棕色粘稠状液体,即为含磷阳离子离子液体;
取六氟磷酸钾加入丙酮,溶解后,加入到为含磷阳离子离子液体中,室温下,磁力搅拌24h,后50℃下旋蒸5~10min,除去多余的丙酮,得到有机磷阳离子-无机磷阴离子离子液体,即为离子液体。
Figure 875103DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
所述四丁基氢氧化磷溶液中,四丁基氢氧化磷与无水乙醇的质量比例为四丁基氢氧化磷:无水乙醇=2~3:10;
所述十二烷基膦酸溶液中,十二烷基膦酸与无水乙醇的质量比例为十二烷基膦酸:无水乙醇=0.5~1:5~10;
所述六氟磷酸钾和丙酮的质量比例为六氟磷酸钾:丙酮=1~2:5。
所述增塑剂为小分子型增塑剂与聚合型增塑剂按照质量比为5:1~2混合而成,其中小分子型增塑剂为乙酸甘油酯、脂肪酸酯、乙二酸二乙二醇单丁醚酯、柠檬酸酯中的一种,聚合型增塑剂为聚己二酸二甘醇酯、聚二甘醇己二酸丁二醇酯、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、乳酸低聚物中的一种。
所述增容剂为亚磷酸三苯酯、马来酸酐中的一种或混合。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明使用钛酸四丁酯催化,使长链支化聚乳酸和聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯聚合,形成PLA/PBAT共聚物,后与改性聚丙撑碳酸酯聚合,增强PLA/PBAT共聚物的韧性,且在聚合过程中加入离子液体、增塑剂和增容剂同时参与聚合反应,增强各聚合物之间和界面之间的相容性,增强聚合效果,且使得最终得到的产物塑性特征好,韧性好,力学强度高。
2、聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、改性聚丙撑碳酸酯为完全生物降解材料,通过共聚、增韧改性后,形成可以用来制备吹膜树脂薄膜的材料,非生物降解成分含量少,对环境污染小。
3、聚乳酸为改性得到的长链支化聚乳酸,熔融态的线形聚乳酸(PLA)与小分子三官能度单体三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)在纳米氧化锌(Nano-ZnO)的促进作用下发生酯交换反应,通过PLA和TMPTA酯键的断裂和重组制备长链支化聚乳酸,改变了原本聚乳酸单纯的线形结构,增加了侧链结构,提高了聚乳酸熔融态时的强度和应变性能,使得聚乳酸适应诸如挤出发泡、吹塑和纺丝等大应变的加工成型方式,为以聚乳酸为成分的吹塑薄膜的生产提供基础。
4、聚丙撑碳酸酯是一种生产成本较低的可生物降解材料,但是其对聚乳酸的增韧效果有限,使用己二异氰酸酯对聚丙撑碳酸酯进行改性,并且使用1,4-丁二醇和辛酸亚锡进一步催化聚合,形成二氧化碳基热塑性聚氨酯(PPCU),对聚乳酸PLA有很强的增韧作用,增韧效果扩大近百倍,使用改性聚丙撑碳酸酯与长链支化聚乳酸/聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯共聚,增强了共聚物的韧性,使得吹膜树脂薄膜具有较简单的加工成型过程,成型效果好,成型后韧性好。
5、离子液体使用有机磷阳离子-无机磷阴离子离子液体,离子液体的使用,增加了聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯与改性聚丙撑碳酸酯的界面相容性,使得三者聚合时,相容性好,聚合更加容易,聚合产物彼此相容,不易断裂或者脆裂,聚合产物的力学性能好。
6、在聚合过程中,补充加入热塑剂和增容剂,补充增强聚合产物的热塑性性能和聚合产物原料之间的相容性能,保证最终得到的吹膜树脂薄膜具有良好的热塑性能和力学强度。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,包括以下质量份数的原料:长链支化聚乳酸60份,聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯40份,改性聚丙撑碳酸酯12份,钛酸四丁酯1份,离子液体7份,增塑剂5份,增容剂3份;
所述生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的长链支化聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、钛酸四丁酯加入到密炼机中,在190℃下,密炼1h,得到共聚物;
步骤二:将步骤一中得到的共聚物破碎过10目筛,后与质量份数的改性聚丙撑碳酸酯混合均匀,转移到熔融反应炉中,依次加入质量份数的离子液体、增塑剂、增容剂,加热到190℃,并以60r/min 的速度搅拌,反应0.5h得到熔融混合物树脂;
步骤三:将步骤二中得到的熔融混合物树脂转移到吹膜机中,设置吹膜温度为180℃,牵引速度为10m/min,吹胀比为2,吹塑成膜,得到生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜。
实施例2
一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,包括以下质量份数的原料:长链支化聚乳酸100份,聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯80份,改性聚丙撑碳酸酯25份,钛酸四丁酯6份,离子液体15份,增塑剂15份,增容剂8份;
所述生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的长链支化聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、钛酸四丁酯加入到密炼机中,在210℃下,密炼2h,得到共聚物;
步骤二:将步骤一中得到的共聚物破碎过10目筛,后与质量份数的改性聚丙撑碳酸酯混合均匀,转移到熔融反应炉中,依次加入质量份数的离子液体、增塑剂、增容剂,加热到210℃,并以120r/min 的速度搅拌,反应1h得到熔融混合物树脂;
步骤三:将步骤二中得到的熔融混合物树脂转移到吹膜机中,设置吹膜温度为210℃,牵引速度为20m/min,吹胀比为6,吹塑成膜,得到生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜。
实施例3
一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,包括以下质量份数的原料:长链支化聚乳酸80份,聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯60份,改性聚丙撑碳酸酯20份,钛酸四丁酯3份,离子液体10份,增塑剂10份,增容剂5份;
所述生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的长链支化聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、钛酸四丁酯加入到密炼机中,在200℃下,密炼1.5h,得到共聚物;
步骤二:将步骤一中得到的共聚物破碎过10目筛,后与质量份数的改性聚丙撑碳酸酯混合均匀,转移到熔融反应炉中,依次加入质量份数的离子液体、增塑剂、增容剂,加热到200℃,并以100r/min 的速度搅拌,反应0.8h得到熔融混合物树脂;
步骤三:将步骤二中得到的熔融混合物树脂转移到吹膜机中,设置吹膜温度为200℃,牵引速度为15m/min,吹胀比为4,吹塑成膜,得到生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜。
测试:拉伸强度和断裂伸长率按照ASTM D882-2010的测试方法进行测试,撕裂强度按照QB/T 1130-91的测试方法进行测试,透光度在光电雾度计上测试。每个项目测试5个样品,取五个测试结果的平均值作为最终测试结果。
Figure 792244DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
由上表所示,本发明方法所制备的吹膜树脂薄膜具有较大的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率和较好的透光性能,力学性能好、韧性好,能够充当现有吹塑薄膜的替代品使用。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (9)

1.一种生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,其特征在于,包括以下质量份数的原料:
长链支化聚乳酸 60~100份,
聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯 40~80份,
改性聚丙撑碳酸酯 12~25份,
钛酸四丁酯 1~6份,
离子液体 7~15份,
增塑剂 5~15份,
增容剂 3~8份;
所述生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的长链支化聚乳酸、聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸-丁二醇酯、钛酸四丁酯加入到密炼机中,在190~210℃下,密炼1~2h,得到共聚物;
步骤二:将步骤一中得到的共聚物破碎过10目筛,后与质量份数的改性聚丙撑碳酸酯混合均匀,转移到熔融反应炉中,依次加入质量份数的离子液体、增塑剂、增容剂,加热到190~210℃,并以60~120r/min 的速度搅拌,反应0.5~1h得到熔融混合物树脂;
步骤三:将步骤二中得到的熔融混合物树脂转移到吹膜机中,设置吹膜温度为180~210℃,牵引速度为10~20m/min,吹胀比为2~6,吹塑成膜,得到生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,其特征在于:所述长链支化聚乳酸,为,取三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯与一定量的无水乙醇,搅拌,待完全溶解后,加入纳米氧化锌,超声分散,使得分散纳米氧化锌均匀,形成混合液,再将混合液与聚乳酸中混合,形成混合物,转移到密炼机中,在190~210℃下,密炼3~5h,得到长链支化聚乳酸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,其特征在于:所述长链支化聚乳酸制备中,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、无水乙醇、纳米氧化锌、聚乳酸的质量比为三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯:无水乙醇:纳米氧化锌:聚乳酸=3~8:20:0.3~0.5:100。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,其特征在于,所述改性聚丙撑碳酸酯的制备为:依次取己二异氰酸酯、聚丙撑碳酸酯和二甲基甲酰胺加入带有搅拌器的反应容器中,60~80℃水浴加热,80~100r/min的速度搅拌1h,得到预聚体,然后加入1,4-丁二醇和辛酸亚锡,继续以0~100r/min的速度搅拌1~5h,缓慢降到室温,加入一定量的去离子水,产生沉淀,过滤后,再次加入一定量的去离子水,再次产生沉淀并过滤,将过滤后的固体物质转移到50℃烘箱中,烘干12h,得到改性聚丙撑碳酸酯。
5.根据权利要求4所述的生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,其特征在于,所述改性聚丙撑碳酸酯的制备中,己二异氰酸酯、聚丙撑碳酸酯、二甲基甲酰胺、1,4-丁二醇和辛酸亚锡的质量比为己二异氰酸酯:聚丙撑碳酸酯:二甲基甲酰胺:1,4-丁二醇:辛酸亚锡=10:5:50:4~6:0.1~0.4;两次的去离子水均为己二异氰酸酯质量的5~10倍。
6.根据权利要求1所述的生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,其特征在于,所述离子液体的制备为:取四丁基氢氧化磷加入一定量的无水乙醇中,并在冰浴中行磁力搅拌30min,形成四丁基氢氧化磷溶液;
取十二烷基膦酸加入一定量的无水乙醇中,搅拌30min,形成十二烷基膦酸溶液;
将十二烷基膦酸溶液缓慢滴加入到冰浴搅拌的四丁基氢氧化磷溶液中,然后将所得溶液油浴搅拌加热至80℃,冷凝回流12h,后50℃下旋蒸5~10min,除去多余的无水乙醇,后转移到40~50℃的烘箱中烘干12小时,得到黄棕色粘稠状液体,即为含磷阳离子离子液体;
取六氟磷酸钾加入丙酮,溶解后,加入到为含磷阳离子离子液体中,室温下,磁力搅拌24h,后50℃下旋蒸5~10min,除去多余的丙酮,得到有机磷阳离子-无机磷阴离子离子液体,即为离子液体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,其特征在于,所述四丁基氢氧化磷溶液中,四丁基氢氧化磷与无水乙醇的质量比例为四丁基氢氧化磷:无水乙醇=2~3:10;
所述十二烷基膦酸溶液中,十二烷基膦酸与无水乙醇的质量比例为十二烷基膦酸:无水乙醇=0.5~1:5~10;
所述六氟磷酸钾和丙酮的质量比例为六氟磷酸钾:丙酮=1~2:5。
8.根据权利要求1所述的生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,其特征在于:所述增塑剂为小分子型增塑剂与聚合型增塑剂按照质量比为5:1~2混合而成,其中小分子型增塑剂为乙酸甘油酯、脂肪酸酯、乙二酸二乙二醇单丁醚酯、柠檬酸酯中的一种,聚合型增塑剂为聚己二酸二甘醇酯、聚二甘醇己二酸丁二醇酯、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、乳酸低聚物中的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的生物降解吹膜树脂薄膜,其特征在于:所述增容剂为亚磷酸三苯酯、马来酸酐中的一种或混合。
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