CN114657777B - 一种亚麻纤维超临界co2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺 - Google Patents

一种亚麻纤维超临界co2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺 Download PDF

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CN114657777B
CN114657777B CN202210381546.0A CN202210381546A CN114657777B CN 114657777 B CN114657777 B CN 114657777B CN 202210381546 A CN202210381546 A CN 202210381546A CN 114657777 B CN114657777 B CN 114657777B
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迎春
尹书新
郑来久
郑环达
何声珍
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Yixing City Shunshine Linen Textile Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺,包括以下步骤:配置离子液体柔软整理液:将甘油单脂肪酸酯和吡啶季铵盐类衍生物加入到50~65%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌形成一号液;将二甲基亚砜加入到咪唑类离子液体中,充分搅拌放置60~80min形成二号液;然后将配置的一号液和二号液配置,搅拌均匀得到离子液体柔软整理液;将亚麻纤维放置到超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中,在高压泵的作用下,将离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体混合形成超临界CO2离子液体微乳液,在超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中对亚麻纤维进行柔软整理,加入超临界CO2离子液体微乳液15~30min后,关闭超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜的进出口,静止20~30min得到成品。本发明中的处理方法柔软效果好。

Description

一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及亚麻纤维领域,尤其涉及一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺。
背景技术
亚麻纤维属于天然纤维素纤维,是主要麻纺原料,具有很好的吸湿透气性和天然抑菌性能,其在强度、透气、抑菌等方面有着优良服用特性,适宜开发夏季服用面料,被喻为21 世纪的保健面料。为了在纺织加工业中更好地利用亚麻纤维,必须对亚麻纤维进行脱胶处理,但其脱胶后的主要成分为纤维素,在分子链内和链间分布有大量氢键,使分子链紧密排列而呈现高度有序的规整性,结晶度高,织物弹性差、易起皱性、不耐磨、易损坏、易产生刺痒感等缺点,极大影响了应用,因此需通过改性降低亚麻纤维的结晶度,从而改善亚麻面料的柔软性。传统工业通常采用浓碱对亚麻进行柔软处理,亚麻纤维在高浓度的浓碱中会发生溶胀,大分子链间的氢键被拆散,从而降低亚麻纤维的刚性,但此方法有化学残留,污染环境。有机硅柔软整理是另一种常用的技术手段,由于亚麻纤维在前处理过程中通常会采用烧碱,残留的烧碱对有机硅造成一定程度的破坏,造成整理过程粘辊现象;另一方面有机硅柔软剂整理后易使亚麻织物出现拒水和黄变现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺。
本发明的创新点在于咪唑类离子液体中的咪唑环能与纤维素羟基相互作用形成电子给体-电子受体复合物,导致纤维素分子链间氢键网络被破坏。咪唑类离子液体中阴离子一直是良好的氢键受体,阳、阴离子以协同作用溶解纤维素。咪唑环最初与纤维素束表面的侧面结合,而阴离子插入束中,并与羟基形成氢键。随着大量阴离子进入纤维素链,阳离子由于与阴离子的强烈相互作用而开始在纤维素链之间插层。大量的离子提供足够的空间来分离纤维素链,因此降低了纤维的初始模量,增加了其柔软性。而二甲基亚砜和咪唑类离子液体阳离子的溶剂化作用,使相应的阴离子更容易与纤维素的氢键相互作用,降低纤维素大分子间的链接,提高其柔软性。
一号液的加入又可以增加咪唑类离子液体在超临界CO2流体中的溶解度,提高柔软效果。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案是:
一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置离子液体柔软整理液:将甘油单脂肪酸酯和吡啶季铵盐类衍生物加入到50~65%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌形成一号液,甘油单脂肪酸酯的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的2~4%,吡啶季铵盐类衍生物的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的3~6%;将二甲基亚砜加入到咪唑类离子液体中,充分搅拌放置60~80min形成二号液,二甲基亚砜的重量为咪唑类离子液体重量的5~8%;然后将配置的一号液和二号液按照4~6:1的比例进行配置,搅拌均匀得到离子液体柔软整理液;
(2)将亚麻纤维放置到超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中,在高压泵的作用下,将离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体混合;离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体的重量比为1:8~10,在温度为70~100℃,压力20~30MPa的条件下,形成超临界CO2离子液体微乳液,在超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中对亚麻纤维进行柔软整理,加入超临界CO2离子液体微乳液15~30min后,关闭超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜的进出口,静止20~30min得到成品。
进一步地,在步骤(1)和步骤(2)之间,将亚麻纤维放置到超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中,在16~18MPa,70~80℃的条件下,处理15~30min,然后快速泄压到7~8Mpa。能够使得亚麻纤维溶胀,可以使得离子液体柔软整理液快速地进入到亚麻纤维的内部。
进一步地,所述咪唑类离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明中咪唑类离子液体中的咪唑环能与纤维素羟基相互作用形成电子给体-电子受体复合物,导致纤维素分子链间氢键网络被破坏。咪唑类离子液体中阴离子一直是良好的氢键受体,阳、阴离子以协同作用溶解纤维素。咪唑环最初与纤维素束表面的侧面结合,而阴离子插入束中,并与羟基形成氢键。随着大量阴离子进入纤维素链,阳离子由于与阴离子的强烈相互作用而开始在纤维素链之间插层。大量的离子提供足够的空间来分离纤维素链,因此降低了纤维的初始模量,增加了其柔软性。而二甲基亚砜和咪唑类离子液体阳离子的溶剂化作用,使相应的阴离子更容易与纤维素的氢键相互作用,降低纤维素大分子间的链接,提高其柔软性。一号液的加入又可以增加咪唑类离子液体在超临界CO2流体中的溶解度,提高柔软效果。
2、本发明中通过超临界CO2流体将离子液体柔软整理液更好地渗入进亚麻纤维内,柔软处理效果优;此种处理方法没有烧碱残留,不会出现纤维的损伤,不会出现发黄的现象。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1:一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺,配置离子液体柔软整理液:将甘油单脂肪酸酯和吡啶季铵盐类衍生物加入到50%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌形成一号液,甘油单脂肪酸酯的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的2%,吡啶季铵盐类衍生物的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的3%;将二甲基亚砜加入到咪唑类离子液体中,咪唑类离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐;充分搅拌放置60min形成二号液,二甲基亚砜的重量为咪唑类离子液体重量的5%;然后将配置的一号液和二号液按照4:1的比例进行配置,搅拌均匀得到离子液体柔软整理液;将亚麻纤维放置到超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中,在高压泵的作用下,将离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体混合;离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体的重量比为1:8,在温度为70℃,压力20MPa的条件下,形成超临界CO2离子液体微乳液,在超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中对亚麻纤维进行柔软整理,加入超临界离子液体微乳液15min后,关闭超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜的进出口,静止20min得到成品。处理后亚麻纤维初始模量降低63%。
实施例2:一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺,配置离子液体柔软整理液:将甘油单脂肪酸酯和吡啶季铵盐类衍生物加入到60%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌形成一号液,甘油单脂肪酸酯的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的3%,吡啶季铵盐类衍生物的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的4%;将二甲基亚砜加入到咪唑类离子液体中,咪唑类离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐;充分搅拌放置70min形成二号液,二甲基亚砜的重量为咪唑类离子液体重量的6%;然后将配置的一号液和二号液按照5:1的比例进行配置,搅拌均匀得到离子液体柔软整理液;将亚麻纤维放置到超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中,在17MPa,75℃的条件下,处理20min,然后快速泄压到7.5Mpa。然后在高压泵的作用下,将离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体混合;离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体的重量比为1:9,在温度为80℃,压力25MPa的条件下,形成超临界CO2离子液体微乳液,在超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中对亚麻纤维进行柔软整理,加入超临界CO2离子液体微乳液20min后,关闭超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜的进出口,静止25min得到成品。处理后的亚麻纤维初始模量降低65%。
实施例3:一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺,配置离子液体柔软整理液:将甘油单脂肪酸酯和吡啶季铵盐类衍生物加入到65%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌形成一号液,甘油单脂肪酸酯的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的4%,吡啶季铵盐类衍生物的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的6%;将二甲基亚砜加入到咪唑类离子液体中,咪唑类离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐;充分搅拌放置80min形成二号液,二甲基亚砜的重量为咪唑类离子液体重量的8%;然后将配置的一号液和二号液按照6:1的比例进行配置,搅拌均匀得到离子液体柔软整理液;将亚麻纤维放置到超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中,在18MPa, 80℃的条件下,处理30min,然后快速泄压到8Mpa。然后在高压泵的作用下,将离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体混合;离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体的重量比为1: 10,在温度为100℃,压力30MPa的条件下,形成超临界CO2离子液体微乳液,在超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中对亚麻纤维进行柔软整理,加入超临界CO2离子液体微乳液30min后,关闭超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜的进出口,静止30min得到成品。处理后的亚麻纤维初始模量降低68%。
实施例4:一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺,配置离子液体柔软整理液:将甘油单脂肪酸酯和吡啶季铵盐类衍生物加入到55%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌形成一号液,甘油单脂肪酸酯的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的2.5%,吡啶季铵盐类衍生物的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的4%;将二甲基亚砜加入到咪唑类离子液体中,咪唑类离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐;充分搅拌放置65min形成二号液,二甲基亚砜的重量为咪唑类离子液体重量的1:8.5;然后将配置的一号液和二号液按照5.5:1的比例进行配置,搅拌均匀得到离子液体柔软整理液;将亚麻纤维放置到超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中,在16.5MPa,72℃的条件下,处理20min,然后快速泄压到7.5Mpa。然后在高压泵的作用下,将离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体混合;离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体的重量比为12%,在温度为90℃,压力25MPa的条件下,形成超临界CO2离子液体微乳液,在超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中对亚麻纤维进行柔软整理,加入超临界CO2离子液体微乳液17min后,关闭超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜的进出口,静止28min得到成品。处理后的亚麻纤维初始模量降低75%。
所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
配置离子液体柔软整理液:将甘油单脂肪酸酯和吡啶季铵盐类衍生物加入到50~65%的乙醇水溶液中,充分搅拌形成一号液,甘油单脂肪酸酯的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的2~4%,吡啶季铵盐类衍生物的重量为乙醇水溶液重量的3~6%;将二甲基亚砜加入到咪唑类离子液体中,充分搅拌放置60~80min形成二号液,二甲基亚砜的重量为咪唑类离子液体重量的5~8%;然后将配置的一号液和二号液按照4~6:1的比例进行配置,搅拌均匀得到离子液体柔软整理液;
将亚麻纤维放置到超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中,在16~18MPa,70~80℃的条件下,处理15~30min,然后快速泄压到7~8Mpa;在高压泵的作用下,将离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体混合;离子液体柔软整理液与超临界CO2流体的重量比为1:8~10,在温度为70~100℃,压力20~30MPa的条件下,形成超临界CO2离子液体微乳液,在超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜中对亚麻纤维进行柔软整理,加入超临界CO2离子液体微乳液15~30min后,关闭超临界CO2柔软整理反应釜的进出口,静止20~30min得到成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的亚麻纤维超临界CO2离子液体微乳液柔软整理工艺,其特征在于,所述咪唑类离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐。
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