CN1146553C - 用于预防癌症的羟基乌台树脂酚 - Google Patents
用于预防癌症的羟基乌台树脂酚 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1146553C CN1146553C CNB008055424A CN00805542A CN1146553C CN 1146553 C CN1146553 C CN 1146553C CN B008055424 A CNB008055424 A CN B008055424A CN 00805542 A CN00805542 A CN 00805542A CN 1146553 C CN1146553 C CN 1146553C
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及预防人类癌症、某些非癌症激素依赖型疾病和/或心血管疾病的方法,该方法基于给予所述病人羟基乌台树脂酚。本发明还涉及提高人体血清肠内酯或其他种羟基乌台树脂酚代谢物的水平、因此而预防人类癌症或某些非癌症性激素依赖性疾病的方法,该方法基于给予所述病人羟基乌台树脂酚。此外,本发明涉及包含羟基乌台树脂酚的药用制剂、食品添加剂和食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及人类癌症、某些非癌症激素依赖型疾病和/或心血管疾病的预防方法,该方法基于给予所述病人羟基乌台树脂酚。本发明还涉及通过增加所述病人血清中肠内酯或其他羟基乌台树脂酚代谢物的水平,以预防人类癌症或某些非癌症激素依赖型疾病的方法,该方法基于给予所述病人羟基乌台树脂酚。此外,本发明涉及含有羟基乌台树脂酚的药用制剂、食品添加剂和食品。
背景技术
本文用来阐明本发明背景的公开出版物和其他资料、特别是关于本发明实施提供额外细节的案例均通过引用结合到本文中。
木酚素的定义为一类具有2,3-二苄基丁烷骨架的酚类化合物。它们由称作前体的单体单元诸如肉桂酸、二羟基肉桂酸、阿魏酸、羟苯基丙烯酸和没食子酸偶联形成(Ayres和Loike,1990)。木酚素在植物中分布甚广。在不同的部位(根、叶、茎、种子、果实)都能找到木酚素但是量很少。发现许多来源(种子、果实)的木酚素是与植物纤维组分结合的配糖共轭物形式。最常见的哺乳动物木酚素前体膳食来源是非精制谷物食品。在可食性植物中发现浓度最高的是亚麻子,其次是非精制谷物产品,尤其是黑麦。不同植物食品的哺乳动物木酚素产量见表1。
在松柏树中也存在大量木酚素。不同品种的树中含有的木酚素类型不同,在树的不同部位含有的木酚素的量也不相同。云杉(挪威云杉(Picea abies))心材中的典型木酚素是羟基乌台树脂酚(HMR)、α-铁杉内酯、铁杉内酯酸、乌台树脂酚、异落叶松树脂醇、开环异落叶松树脂酚、liovile、云杉树脂醇、落叶松树脂酚和松脂酚(Ekman1979)。云杉中最丰富的木酚素单一组分是HMR,约占木酚素总量的60%,主要以非共轭游离式存在。在粗根中木酚素的浓度是2%-3%。在树枝心木(5-10%)和twists中木酚素含量丰富,特别是在枝节处木酚素的量可以高出10%以上(Ekman,1976和1979)。这样的浓度是以富含木酚素材料而著称的地麻粉的上百倍。
羟基乌台树脂酚的化学结构式为:
可以从诸如压缩木材纤维中分离出木酚素。这些纤维来源于树干的压缩木材,而枝节(超大木片)会降低纸张的质量(Ekman,1976)。
诸如的乌台树脂酚和开环异落叶松树脂酚的植物木酚素通过肠内微生物菌丛转换为相应的哺乳动物的木酚素即肠内酯和肠二醇(Axelson等1982)。它们经过肠肝循环,并以葡糖苷酸共轭物的形式排泄到尿中(Axelson和Setchell,1981)。作为木酚素化学预防作用的实验证据,补给富含木酚素的亚麻子粉(5%或10%)或亚麻子木酚素(开环异落叶松树脂酚-二配糖物,SDG)的高脂肪食物可以预防非雌激素敏感型二甲基苯并蒽(DMBA)诱导的大鼠乳腺癌(Serraino和Thompson 1991和1992;Thompson等1996a和1996b)。它们降低上皮细胞的增殖、核畸变、肿瘤的生长及新肿瘤的发生。高摄取量的木酚素还可以保护预防实验性的前列腺癌和结肠癌。膳食性黑麦(含有木酚素)防止移植入大鼠的Dunning R3327前列腺癌的早期生长(Zhang等1997;Landstrm等1998)。携带可触及肿瘤动物的百分比、所述肿瘤的体积和生长速度大大降低。此外,亚麻子或者SDG的补给抑制化学诱导的大鼠结肠异常隐窝的形成(Serraino和Thompson1992;Jenab和Thompson 1996)。因此所述抗肿瘤作用的可能解释为微弱的雌激素-抗雌激素样特性和/或其他机制,具体机制尚未弄清。
在诊断患有乳腺癌的女性中肠内酯分泌到尿中和血清浓度低(Ingram等1997;Hultén et al.1998),暗示木酚素具有化学预防作用。假设认为哺乳动物的木酚素(肠内酯和肠二醇)可调节诸如乳腺癌的激素相关性癌症,因为它们的结构与雌激素相似。肠内酯对MCF-7细胞具有微弱的雌激素作用(Mousavi和Adlercreutz 1992),但在小鼠子宫重量上没有雌激素反应(Setchell等1981)。作为雌激素样活性的作用,在大鼠妊娠和哺乳期内喂食SDG增加断奶时子宫重量,但在后期阶段所述作用不明显(Tou等1998)。可能的抗肿瘤作用也与它们的抗雌激素作用有关(Waters和Knowler,1982)。哺乳动物木酚素肠内酯对芳构酶(aromatase)的抑制作用暗示,通过某种机制摄食富含木酚素的植物食品可能有助于缓解诸如乳腺癌雌激素依赖型疾病(Adlercreutz等1993,Wang等1994)。木酚素潜在的抗氧化活性还可能代表某种与木酚素在预防癌症发生方面的作用有关的机制。此外,已经证实哺乳动物的木酚素在人体可达到的浓度下抑制睾丸激素转化为5α-二氢睾丸激素(DHT)即有效细胞内雄激素的作用(Evans等1995)。DHT浓度的下降可以减少前列腺癌(PC)和良性前列腺增生(BPH)的风险。
木酚素作为肠内酯的前体也可以减轻下泌尿道症状(lower urinarytract symptoms,LUTS)和男子乳房发育症。根据用动物模型获得的实验结果,我们认为雌激素在涉及表现为膀胱颈协同失调或者外括约肌假性协同失调(pseudodyssynergia)的尿道协同失调性肌肉功能异常方面具有重要的作用(Streng等未正式发表的观测结果)。神经肌肉的此类变化至少被芳构酶抑制剂(MPV-2213ad)部分逆转,这证实了雌激素的作用。此外,服用雌激素或雌激素与雄激素比例增加导致的男子乳房发育症可以用芳构酶抑制剂成功治愈。木酚素抑制5α-还原酶和/或芳构酶的能力和其潜在的抗氧化活性,可能代表木酚素在预防雄性生物发生激素相关性疾病方面与之相关的机制。
木酚素在人体的作用没有有效的数据。目前已从关于补充有亚麻子产品(即木酚素)膳食的作用的研究得出关于木酚素在人体的作用理论。女性膳食中的亚麻子导致月经周期的变化(Phipps等1993)。所述研究对象为月经周期正常的女性,当她们在日常饮食外每天服用10g的亚麻子粉时,发现其黄体期的平均长度增加,而且在黄体期内血清中黄体酮/17β-雌二醇的比例也升高(Phipps等1993)。没有发现服用亚麻子组和对照组的月经周期或者雌酮、17β-雌二醇中任一种的浓度存在显著差异。绝经后女性服用亚麻子组和对照组的血清雌激素浓度也没有显著差异(Brzezinski等1997)。补充亚麻子增加血清SHBG(与雌二醇高效结合的蛋白)的浓度。这是一种对肝组织的典型雌激素作用。另一方面,SHBG的浓度增加降低了内源雌激素的生物利用率。在健康年轻男性中,短期(6周)在饮食中补充亚麻子(10g/天,亚麻子混与松饼中)对血浆睾酮浓度没有明显作用(Shultz等1991),这说明在男性生物缺乏雌激素作用(estrogenicity)。总的来说,这些研究表明木酚素可能有微弱的激素(雌激素和抗雌激素)作用,但是其作用机制不能完全说成是激素的作用。
总之,此前不能获得足量的分离哺乳动物木酚素用于动物试验或临床试验,而增加木酚素摄取量的唯一可能性是增加富含纤维素食品诸如亚麻子的摄取。可有效转化为肠内酯和大量生产/分离的HMR或其他任何木酚素在开发药用制剂和诸如功能食品的食品上具有重要价值,以用于化学预防癌症和其他激素相关性疾病以及心血管疾病。
发明内容
一方面,本发明涉及一种预防人体癌症、某些非癌症激素依赖型疾病和/或心血管疾病的方法,该方法包括给予所述病人有效量的羟基乌台树脂酚或其几何异构体或立体异构体。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种增加人体血清肠内酯或羟基乌台树脂酚的其他代谢物的水平、从而预防人体癌症或某些非癌症激素依赖型疾病的方法,该方法包括给予所述病人有效量的羟基乌台树脂酚或其几何异构体或立体异构体。
第三方面,本发明涉及包含有效量的羟基乌台树脂酚或其几何异构体或立体异构体和药学上可接受的载体的药用制剂。
第四方面,本发明涉及一种包含富含羟基乌台树脂酚或其几何异构体或立体异构体的液体或固体材料的产品,以用作食品添加剂。
第五方面,本发明涉及一种包含有效量的羟基乌台树脂酚或其几何异构体或立体异构体的食品。
再一方面,本发明涉及一种增加食品稳定性的方法,该方法包括在所述食品中加入有效量的羟基乌台树脂酚或其几何异构体或立体异构体。
附图说明
图1图示木酚素对JEG-3细胞芳构酶的浓度相关性抑制作用。
图2图示存在或缺乏HMR的MCF-7细胞增殖。
图3图示以HMR或芳构酶抑制剂处理的未成熟大鼠的子宫湿重。
图4图示HMR对雌性大鼠的抗DMBA诱导的乳腺肿瘤的抗肿瘤活性。
图5图示以不同剂量HMR处理的大鼠尿中的肠内酯的排泄。
本发明涉及通过将木酚素羟基乌台树脂酚(HMR)加入食品中或将其用作药用制剂而利用所述HMR预防癌症、非癌症激素依赖型疾病和心血管疾病。令人惊奇的是,HMR在体内代谢为肠内酯,肠内酯至少是木酚素抗肿瘤特性的部分原因。HMR在体外的抗氧化活性很强,而且这一性质说明HMR也可以通过针对体内有害性氧自由基的保护作用而预防心血管疾病。本发明还涉及利用HMR作为食品添加剂以增加食品稳定性(即抑制脂类和色素氧化及维生素的过氧化作用,这些氧化作用可导致食品失去营养价值及产生臭味)。
根据本发明的方法在预防癌症(诸如乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌)、非癌症激素依赖型疾病(诸如下泌尿道症状、尿道协同失调、膀胱不稳定状态、膀胱出口梗阻、良性前列腺增生和男子乳房发育症)以及血清中氧化LDL导致的心血管疾病方面特别有效。
根据本发明的药用制剂优选为口服制剂。所述活性化合物(HMR)的需要量根据所预防的具体病症而不同。常规剂量范围每个成人每天约10mg至约100mg。
本发明的食品添加剂中,富集羟基乌台树脂酚的材料可以是任何适合与HMR混合而不影响其性质的可食无毒固体或液体材料。所述材料的作用主要是便于确定HMR的精确剂量。举例来说,合适的HMR浓度是每100g的富集材料中含有100mg至1g的HMR。
根据本发明的食品特别为功能食品、营养添加剂(nutritionalsupplement)、营养剂、药用食品、营养药品(nutraceutical)、健康食品、防癌食品(designer food)或任何食品。举例来说,所述食品中HMR的合适浓度是每100g的食品中含有1至20mg的HMR。
根据本发明的功能食品可以是例如以下形式:奶油、人造奶油、饼干、面包、蛋糕、糖果、甜食、酸奶或其他发酵奶制品、或谷类粮食如muesli。
添加羟基乌台树脂酚对增加食品稳定性特别有用,目的是抑制使食品失去营养价值且产生臭味的脂类、维生素和色素氧化。举例来说,用于目的的HMR合适浓度为大约0.1%。
用于本发明的HMR可以从压缩木材的超大木片(含有树枝、扭枝(twist)和枝节)中分离获得,而且HMR用来预防疾病,例如癌症和心血管疾病。
用以下7种不同的测定来研究HMR的特性:
1.测定体外抗氧化能力
2.测定对JEG-3细胞芳构酶的抑制能力
3.测定对MCF-7细胞培养物的雌激素和抗雌激素活性
4.通过子宫生长生物测定评价雌激素和抗雌激素活性
5.以成年雄性大鼠评价雌激素和抗雌激素活性
6.以DMBA诱导的大鼠乳腺癌模型研究抗肿瘤活性
7.给予不同剂量HMR后分析大鼠尿中的代谢产物
以前不能分离和纯化足量HMR供生物试验用,因为它是木酚素中较少特征鉴定的组分。对HMR在云杉不同部位作用的了解(Ekman1976和1979)为细致研究木酚素尤其是HMR提供了机会。
已发现在HMR的剂量和尿中肠内酯的量之间存在线性关系。肠内酯是一种众所周知的哺乳动物木酚素,通过肠道细菌由乌台树脂酚或通过氧化肠二醇形成(Axelson和Setchell 1981;Axelson等1982)。在尿中发现只有微量的未被代谢的HMR和其他代谢物(肠二醇和7-羟基肠内酯)。当HMR的日剂量增加时,其量仍保持不变。这些发现说明HMR被代谢为肠内酯,而HMR通过去甲基和去羟基步骤形成的肠内酯不能转化为肠二醇。基于HMR的结构,有人曾经预测7-羟基肠内酯是HMR的主要代谢产物,但事实并非如此。在代谢过程中这个羟基基团被去除。HMR的代谢与SDG的代谢不同。SDG代谢生成的肠二醇被部分氧化为肠内酯(Rickard等1996;Lampe等1994)。因此HMR作为肠内酯的直接前体优于SDG。
如果HMR对大鼠子宫或雄性生物具有任何雌激素作用的话,其作用也很弱。它对MCF-7细胞具有弱而不显著的雌激素样活性。HMR的抗雌激素活性没有得到证明。所以,如图2所示,它在DMBA诱导的大鼠乳腺癌模型中有高度显著的抗肿瘤活性是令人惊讶的。HMR的活性可能是HMR本身的作用或者是肠内酯的作用。但是,给DMBA处理后的大鼠使用两种不同剂量的HMR(3和15mg/kg),没有发现HMR的化学预防作用与剂量的相关性。因而HMR不需要转化为肠内酯才能起到抗肿瘤的作用或者较小剂量的这些木酚素足以达到最大的化学预防效果。
如表2和表3所示,HMR是非常有效的抗氧化剂。它是公认最有效的脂类过氧化抑制剂之一以及良好的LDL氧化抑制剂。因为认为血清氧化LDL浓度是心血管疾病例如动脉粥样硬化的最佳预测指标,所以认为抑制LDL氧化作用对人体特别重要。HMR可以用作食品添加剂以增加食品的稳定性(亦即抑制维生素、脂类和色素的氧化,该氧化作用可导致食品失去营养价值及产生臭味),因为HMR是很好的过氧化物阴离子和过氧自由基(peroxyl radical)清除剂,大大优于众所周知的通常用于增加食品稳定性的抗氧化剂叔丁对甲氧酚(BHA)和丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)。
实验
化学品
体外测试各种木酚素的雌激素性、抗雌激素性、抑制芳构化的能力及其抗氧化特性。所述用于测试的化合物从以下来源购得:肠二醇和肠内酯得自英国伦敦的Plantech公司,包含两种7-OH对映异构体的7-羟基肠内酯由芬兰赫尔辛基大学应用化学系的KristinaWhl博士赠与。
从木材中提取HMR
HMR提取物按照Ekman,1976和Ekman 1979所述方法由挪威云杉(Picea abies)分离而得。简单地说,冻干的地面心材用己烷进行索格利特萃取,去除非极性的亲脂萃取物。该木材试样用丙酮/水(9∶1体积比)在相同的装置中再萃取,得到木酚素粗提物。羟基乌台树脂酚(HMR)及其异构体用XAD-树脂分离及再次用色谱法分析以进一步纯化。
体外抗氧化能力测定
用四种不同的方法评估木酚素的抗氧化能力:1)抑制脂类过氧化,2)抑制低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的氧化,3)清除过氧化物阴离子,4)清除过氧自由基测定。
根据木酚素抑制体外大鼠肝脏微粒体中过氧化氢叔丁基诱导的脂类过氧化反应(t-BuOOH-LP)的能力,评价它们对脂类过氧化的抑制能力(Ahotupa等1997)。如下测试t-BuOOH-LP:用移液管吸取0.8ml体积的缓冲溶液(50mM碳酸钠,pH10.2,0.1mM EDTA)置于发光计的比色杯中。加入二十微升稀释的肝微粒体,使最终浓度达到1.5mg蛋白/ml,然后加入6ml氨基苯二酰一肼(0.5mg/ml)和试验化学品。在温育混合液中加入以乙醇或二甲亚砜稀释(2%的温育液体积)的微量体积的所述试验化合物,然后与介质(乙醇或二甲亚砜)的脂类过氧化能力对比。该反应于33℃由0.05ml 0.9mM的过氧化氢叔丁基(t-BuOOH)启动。每分钟测一次化学发光值,连续测约45分钟,然后计算曲线下面积(积分)。化学发光值的测量使用连接到个人电脑的Bio-Orbit 1251型发光计(芬兰土尔库的Bio-Orbit公司),所述电脑装有本测定的专用软件。
按Ahotupa等1996所述方法评价木酚素对LDL氧化的抑制能力。简要介绍如下:以缓冲肝素沉淀分离LDL。用磷酸盐缓冲液将之重新悬浮后,加入20mM CuCl2,将该混合液于37℃温育3小时。然后用氯仿-甲醇萃取LDL脂类,氮气下干燥,再溶解于环己烷中,用分光光度计分析其234nm处的吸光度。该吸光度可表示LDL的氧化程度。为了测试不同化合物阻止LDL氧化的能力,在加入CuCl2之前先将所述化合物加入至温育混合液中。通过测定温育前和温育后234nm处的光吸收来排除所述测定程序对受试化合物的可能干扰。对那些初始浓度(0.1mM)就表现出抗氧化效力的化合物,测定其IC-50值(即受试化合物抑制LDL氧化50%时的浓度)。
过氧化物阴离子的清除方法基于黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶系统在控制条件下产生过氧化物阴离子和用发光计检测产生的活性氧类型(Ahotupa等1997)。测定受试化合物减少化学发光的能力。计算IC-50浓度(抑制化学发光50%的浓度)。
过氧自由基清除测定基于2,2’-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷)HCl的热分解产生过氧自由基和通过化学发光对其进行检测(Ahotupa等1997)。结果以化学计量系数(stochiometric factor)计算,即1摩尔受试化合物能清除多少摩尔的过氧自由基。
抑制JEG-3细胞芳构酶能力的测定
研究HMR和结构相关的木酚素(肠内酯、肠二醇和7-羟基肠内酯)对JEG-3细胞由3H-雄甾烯二酮形成3H-17β-雌二醇的影响,JEG-3细胞为人绒膜癌细胞系。JEG-3绒膜癌细胞为有用的芳构酶模型,使得能够体外研究对芳构酶的抑制作用(Krekels等1991)。细胞以含有10%胎牛血清(FCS)的DMEM维持。培养混合物包含50μl 3H-雄甾-4-烯,3,17-二酮(0.5nM)、50μl未标记的雄甾烯二酮(0.5nM),100μl受试化合物(10mM)和800μl细胞悬浮液(1百万个细胞)。培养4小时后,加入未标记的载体(雄甾烯二酮、睾丸激素、17β-雌二醇和雌激素酮)。用3.0ml的二氯甲烷萃取甾族化合物两次。如前所述(MKel等1995),以高效液相色谱分离和定量放射性标记的3H-17β-雌二醇。柱系统包括一个保护柱,后接一个C18 150×3.9mm内径的分析柱(英国柴郡,Wellington House;Technopak 10 C18 HPLC Techonology)。其流动相是乙腈/水(35/65)混合液,流速是1.2ml/min。为了连续检测放射性代谢物,将HPLC柱的洗脱液连续地混入液体闪烁剂中,然后以放射性探测仪连续监控。
MCF-7细胞培养物中的雌激素和抗雌激素活性的测定
MCF-7细胞系(人乳腺癌细胞)储用培养物在T-75细胞培养瓶中不含酚红的RPMI培养基中生长,该培养基补充有5%的胎牛血清、100U/ml的青霉素和100μg/ml的链霉素、10μg/ml的胰岛素和1nM17β-雌二醇。每星期更换三次新鲜的培养基。用胰蛋白酶消化收获该储用培养物,将之悬浮于10ml不含酚红的凡尔生(versene)溶液中,然后800rpm离心5分钟。小心地将细胞沉淀重新悬浮于补充有5%葡聚糖活性碳解吸的胎牛血清(dsFCS)的RPMI培养基中,然后以50000个细胞/3.0ml培养基/孔的量接种至6孔板上。培养的第二天更换培养基并加入受试化合物。为了测定木酚素化合物的雌激素活性,将它们用乙醇稀释,以1.0M的终浓度加入至细胞培养物中。每次增殖测定都用1.0nM 17β-雌二醇的乙醇溶液作为雌激素反应的阳性对照。在对照孔中都加入相同量的乙醇。为测试抗雌激素活性,在细胞培养物中加入17β-雌二醇和木酚素。所述细胞在所述受试化合物存在下培养5至7天,每隔一天更换一次培养基。细胞增殖以Coulter计数器计数释放的细胞核进行定量。
以未成年大鼠亲子宫试验评价雌激素和抗雌激素活性
如前所述进行未成年大鼠亲子宫测定(Jordan等1977)评价HMR的雌激素活性,仅将参考试验中的3天处理时间改为7天。将处理时间延长是因为预料受试化合物的雌激素活性微弱。以抑制雌二醇生物合成的芳构酶抑制剂(MPV-2213ad)处理的未成年大鼠,作为无雌激素刺激子宫的方法对照。
以成年雄性大鼠评价雌激素和抗雌激素活性
HMR的雌激素(抗雄激素)作用和抗雌激素作用相应地以正常和雄激素不足的Noble品种雄性大鼠(6-9月龄)加以研究。通过新生雌激素化作用(即出生后1-5天以10.0μg/kg体重皮下注射溶于菜油中的二乙基己烯雌酚)诱发包括雄性生殖道结构和功能改变的慢性雄激素不足状态。已知这些变化通过包括MPV-2213ad日剂量为10mg-30mg/kg体重的芳构酶抑制剂治疗可部分逆转(Streng等未发表的观测结果)。
喂食所述动物不含大豆的基本饲料(SDS,Whitham Essex,England),并让它们自由饮水。以50mg/kg体重的日剂量提供溶于菜油中的HMR给正常和雄激素不足的两组共12只雄性大鼠。向两组动物模型的另外12只雄性大鼠提供作为安慰剂治疗的菜油。四星期的疗程后处死所有动物。测量睾丸和副性腺(腹前列腺、精囊和凝固腺(coagulating gland))的重量。通过免疫测定法测量血清和睾丸的睾酮及垂体和血清的促黄体生成激素(LH)的水平(Haavisto等1993)。以DMBA诱导的大鼠乳腺癌模型研究抗肿瘤活性
如前所述(Kangas等1986),研究HMR对大鼠乳腺癌的抗肿瘤活性。对50天龄雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠管饲法(cavage)给予12.0mg的DMBA(二甲基苯并[a]蒽)。大约6周后可检测到可触及的肿瘤,之后每周测量一次肿瘤的宽度(w)和长度(l),根据公式V=(πw2l)/12确定肿瘤的体积。还对大鼠每周称重一次。大鼠分为不同的3组,使得每组的肿瘤总数在试验开始时大致相同:(1)对照组8只大鼠,(2)HMR 3.0mg/kg 7只大鼠,(3)HMR 15.0mg/kg 7只大鼠,其中一只必须在试验结束前杀死。
在DMBA诱导后9周,即出现可触及肿瘤后3周,开始口服给与HMR,持续每天给与共7.5周。在试验结束时,将各组的肿瘤按其生长方式分类:1.肿瘤生长(PD=疾病恶化);2.肿瘤无生长、稳定(SD=疾病稳定,肿瘤体积无变化或肿瘤缩小低于75%);3.肿瘤缩小(PR=部分有效,肿瘤体积缩小大于75%);4.肿瘤消失(CR=完全有效,无可触及肿瘤)。
接受不同剂量HMR后大鼠尿中的代谢产物分析
以十只Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠(4月龄)研究HMR的体内代谢。代谢研究期间将实验动物成对关养,按光照:黑暗各12小时的周期循环,并使其可自由饮水和进食不含大豆的基本饲料(SDS,WhithamEssex,England)。
将溶于10%乙醇的聚乙二醇溶液的HMR分别以3,15,25和50mg/kg体重的剂量管饲大鼠,每天一次,持续两天。在第二次管饲后以代谢笼将24小时尿收集在一个罐中,所述收集罐内含有用作防腐剂的120μl 0.56M抗坏血酸和120μl 0.15M叠氮化钠。离心后测量尿的体积并将之保存在-20℃。在3.0ml解冻尿等分试样中加入750μl0.2M乙酸盐缓冲液(pH4.0±0.1)进行预处理。Sep-Pak C18柱(100mg硅基树脂/柱)用于尿提取。该柱用3.0ml水、3.0ml甲醇和3.0ml乙酸盐缓冲液预处理。尿过柱后用3.0ml乙酸盐缓冲液洗柱,然后用3.0ml甲醇洗脱polyphenolics。洗出液在氮环境下的+45℃水浴中蒸发至干,然后将干渣重新溶解于3.0ml 0.2M的乙酸盐缓冲液中。加入30μl Helix pomatia酶混合液,然后将上述溶液在37℃下温育以同时水解葡萄糖醛酸化物和硫酸酯。在水解试样中加入300μl的黄酮贮液(100μg/ml溶于乙醇中)。然后用C-18柱提纯上述试样液,按前面所述方法蒸发至干后保存于-20℃,备用气相色谱-质谱分析。
将蒸发后的尿样重新溶于吡啶中,然后加入BSTFA∶TMCS(10∶1)甲硅烷基化试剂进行硅烷化处理。甲硅烷基化的尿样用HP6890-5973气相色谱-质谱仪进行气相色谱-质谱分析。气相色谱柱是HP-1交联聚甲基硅氧烷柱(15m×0.25mm内径,膜厚0.25μm)。氦作为气相载体,流速为1ml/min。设置气相色谱烘箱以8℃/min的升温率从60℃升至290℃。气相色谱的进样器设置为1∶15分流比的分流模式。进样器温度为250℃。根据质谱鉴定化合物。根据目标组分相对于内标的未校正峰面积进行定量计算。
结果
体外抗氧化能力的评定
在我们的试验中,HMR比任何其他木酚素或类黄酮具有更强的脂类过氧化作用能力(表2)。HMR与众所周知的抗氧化剂TROLOX、BHA和BHT的抑制脂类过氧化、抑制LDL氧化以及清除过氧化物和过氧自由基的能力相当,其中TROLOX是水溶性维生素E衍生物(表3)。总体上HMR是最强的抗氧化剂,在所有测定中均比BHA或BHT更有效,在除了脂类过氧化抑制测定外的所有试验中均强于TROLOX,脂类过氧化作用的抑制测定中所有化合物几乎具有相等的活性。
抑制JEG-3细胞芳构酶的能力
测试不同浓度的HMR对JEG-3细胞由3H-雄甾烯二酮形成3H-17β-雌二醇的抑制作用。HMR的抑制能力与肠内酯、7-羟基肠内酯和肠二醇相当。肠内酯在1.0至10.0μM的浓度范围内对芳构化作用产生剂量依赖性抑制作用。实验结果还表明肠二醇无抑制能力,这说明内酯环是产生抑制作用的关键。7-羟基肠内酯和羟基乌台树脂酚没有抑制作用(图2),这说明木酚素分子中羟基的数量和位置对抑制芳构酶是重要的。
对MCF-7细胞培养物的雌激素和抗雌激素活性
如图2所示,在MCF-7细胞增殖测定中HMR具有非常微弱的、未达到统计水平的雌激素和抗雌激素活性。
以未成年大鼠亲子宫试验评价雌激素和抗雌激素活性
图3说明HMR对未成年大鼠子宫生长的作用。HMR对未成年大鼠的子宫重量增加没有显著的雌激素作用。HMR也没有使子宫重量下降,说明没有抗雌激素作用。正如预料,芳构酶抑制剂抑制子宫重量的增加,说明对芳构酶抑制剂的测定方法是合适的。
对成年雄性大鼠的雌激素和抗雌激素活性评价
以HMR处理4周后,观察到对照和雄激素不足动物的副性腺和睾丸重量无显著变化(表4)。睾酮和促黄体生成激素的浓度也没有显著变化(表5)。这些结果说明,HMR在雄性生物中不是完全的雌激素激动剂,因为它对下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴没有典型的雌激素活性(抑制促黄体生成激素和雄激素的分泌)。HMR也不是抗雌激素,因为它没有逆转雄性大鼠新生雌激素化作用诱导的变化。
以DMBA诱导的大鼠乳腺癌模型研究抗肿瘤活性
图4图示肿瘤生长(PD)与肿瘤稳定(SD)、肿瘤消退(PR)和肿瘤消失(CR)的相对数量。发现HMR的抗肿瘤作用具有非常显著的统计学意义。在本模型中抗肿瘤作用没有明显的剂量相关性。因此可将HMR的抗氧化和促肿瘤消退特性与体内的抗肿瘤活性联系起来。HMR的体内抗肿瘤机制还不清楚。
使用不同剂量的HMR后鼠尿中的代谢产物分析
图5说明HMR在大鼠中的主要排泄代谢物是可能为生物活性化合物的肠内酯。考虑到HMR的化学结构,这是令人惊讶的,因为人们会认为羟基肠内酯是主要的代谢物。HMR转化为肠内酯的代谢机制可能是通过肠道菌丛催化而不是通过大鼠肝催化。
结论
羟基乌台树脂酚(HMR)以未改变的化合物和/或转化为肠内酯后在DMBA诱导的大鼠乳腺癌模型中都具有抗肿瘤活性。因此HMR具有在乳腺癌(BC)、前列腺癌(PC)、结肠癌或良性前列腺增生(BPH)的风险人群中发挥有益作用的潜力。HMR在体外代谢生成可抑制芳构化的肠内酯。HMR还可以作为芳构酶抑制剂的前体防止发生下泌尿道症状(LUTS)、膀胱不稳定状态、膀胱出口梗阻、尿道协同失调和男子乳房发育症。HMR还有很强的抗氧化活性,因此可以用作食品添加剂(抗氧化剂)。HMR作为药品或食品添加剂对人类具有有益的心血管作用。在食品中加入HMR制造创新的新型功能食品、营养药品、健康食品、药用食品、防癌食品或新颖食品是可行的。
应该知道,本发明方法可以各种不同形式的实施方案表现,在此只有公开了其中少数部分。本领域专业人员知道存在其他实施方案而没有偏离本发明的精神。因此,所述实施方案仅是为了说明本发明,而不应该解释为限制本发明。
具体实施方式
表1
人粪菌丛体外发酵不同的植物食品的哺乳动物木酚素产量
μg/100g
亚麻子粉 68000
大豆 170
谷糠:
小麦 570
燕麦 650
完整谷类粮食:
黑麦 160
马铃薯 80
胡萝卜 350
洋葱 110
1Thompson等Nutrition和Cancer 16:43-52,1991
表2
脂类过氧化抑制试验测定木酚素和一些相关的类黄酮的体外抗氧化特
性
化合物 抗氧化能力
(t-BuOOH-LP)
IC50(μM)
类黄酮
莰非醇
(3,4’,5,7-四羟基黄酮) 0.9
栎精
(3,3’,4’,5,7-五羟基黄酮) 0.4
莰非素
(3,5,7-三羟基-4’-甲氧基黄酮) 0.5
木酚素
肠内酯 15.9
2,3-二-(3’-羟苄基)-丁内酯
肠二醇 12.7
2,3-二-(3’-羟苄基)-丁烷-1,4-
二醇
羟基乌台树脂酚 0.08
表3
HMR和已知抗氧化剂体外抗氧化活性的比较。表中所列为IC-50浓度,例外的是过氧自由基清除测定为化学计量系数(即1摩尔受试化合物可以清除的过氧自由基摩尔数)。
HMR1 TROLOX2 BHA3 BHT4
对脂类过氧化的抑制作用 0.06μM 0.02 1.1μM 15.3μM
对LDL氧化的抑制作用 2.0μM 2.7μM 未测定
过氧化物阴离子的清除 5.6μM 25μM 15μM >1mM
过氧自由基的清除 1∶4 1∶2 未测定
1羟基马台树脂酚
2水溶性的维生素E衍生物3叔丁对甲氧酚(合成抗氧化剂)
4丁基化羟基甲苯(合成抗氧化剂)
测定方法如正文中所述。
表4
HMR作用四周后对雄性大鼠生殖器官相对重量1的影响。
处理 | n | 体重 | 睾丸 | 腹前列腺 | 精囊 | 凝固腺 | |
正常动物 | 安慰剂HMR50mg/kg | 1212 | g | mg/kg体重 | |||
426±28447±38 | 4362±1704223±304 | 909±146938±148 | 412±43419±59 | 223±49204±48 | |||
雄激素不足动物 | 安慰剂HMR50mg/kg | 1212 | 481±29455±36 | 3340±5093276±327 | 333±188378±198 | 249±63266±49 | 69±4970±30 |
1数据表示为平均值±标准差(mg/kg体重)。HMR处理后各组的相对重量与安慰剂组无显著差异。
表5
HMR作用四周后对雄性大鼠睾丸激素和LH浓度的影响1
处理 | n | 睾丸中的睾丸激素(ng/睾丸) | 血清中的睾丸激素(ng/ml) | 垂体中的促黄体生成激素(μg/垂体) | 血清中的促黄体生成激素(ng/ml) | |
正常动物 | 安慰剂50mg/kgHMR安慰剂50mg/kgHMR | 12121212 | 97.6±46.3112.9±58.563.5±25.948.0±15.2 | 2.405±1.1222.770±1.4211.197±0.6630.939±0.431 | 6.747±2.4796.838±2.0618.673±2.2247.530±2.286 | 1.804±1.2941.088±0.3520.712±0.3710.854±0.333 |
雄激素不足动物 |
1数据表示为平均值±标准差。HMR处理后各组的激素浓度与相应的安慰剂组都没有显著性差异。
参考文献
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Claims (7)
1.羟基乌台树脂酚或其几何异构体或立体异构体在制备用于预防人体癌症、某些非癌症激素依赖型疾病和/或心血管疾病的药物中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述癌症选自乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌。
3.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述非癌症激素依赖型疾病选自下泌尿道症状、尿道协同失调、膀胱不稳定状态、膀胱出口梗阻、良性前列腺增生和男子乳房发育症。
4.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述心血管疾病因血清氧化LDL所致。
5.羟基乌台树脂酚或其几何异构体或立体异构体在制备用于增加人血清肠内酯或羟基乌台树脂酚其他代谢物水平、因而预防人体癌症或某些非癌症激素依赖型疾病的药物中的用途。
6.根据权利要求5的用途,其中所述癌症选自乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结肠癌。
7.根据权利要求5的用途,其中所述非癌症激素依赖型疾病选自下泌尿道症状、尿道协同失调、良性前列腺增生和男子乳房发育症。
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