CN114651553A - Solanberry continuous cropping soil disinfection method - Google Patents
Solanberry continuous cropping soil disinfection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114651553A CN114651553A CN202210446061.5A CN202210446061A CN114651553A CN 114651553 A CN114651553 A CN 114651553A CN 202210446061 A CN202210446061 A CN 202210446061A CN 114651553 A CN114651553 A CN 114651553A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2101/00—Chemical composition of materials used in disinfecting, sterilising or deodorising
- A61L2101/32—Organic compounds
- A61L2101/44—Heterocyclic compounds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil disinfection, in particular to a solanaceous continuous cropping soil disinfection method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, pulling out the solanaceous fruit crops planted in the previous crop out of soil; step 2, soil cultivation and furrow preparation are carried out to obtain multiple lines of furrows, the heat preservation mulching film is used for covering the furrow surface, a water spraying pipe is laid between the furrow surface and the heat preservation mulching film, and water spraying holes are formed in the side wall of the water spraying pipe; and 3, dissolving the trichloroethylcyanuric acid serving as a soil disinfectant in water, spraying the trichloroethylcyanuric acid to the surface of the ridge through a spray pipe, and disinfecting the soil, wherein the application ratio of the trichloroethylcyanuric acid to each mu is 0.5-1 kg. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for disinfecting the solanaceous continuous cropping soil has the advantages of simple and convenient use and operation, low cost, short disinfection time and the like. Is particularly suitable for medium and small planters with low facility investment. The technology is simple, convenient and economical, is convenient for popularization and learning, and can improve the economic benefit of pepper planting of medium and small farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil disinfection, in particular to a solanaceous fruit continuous cropping soil disinfection method.
Background
The solanaceous crop pepper is a main crop planted in China, has high economic value and is a guarantee for farmers to cause wealth and increase income. However, continuous cropping obstacles caused by continuous cropping are more and more serious along with the influence of continuous planting, and continuous cropping diseases of the peppers belong to destructive diseases. According to investigation and observation, diseases which are relatively serious in occurrence and harm on pepper production comprise blight, verticillium wilt, epidemic disease, root rot, bacterial wilt and the like. The symptoms can be divided into bacterial infection, fungal infection and fungal and bacterial mixed infection. The more continuous cropping, the more extensive the disease and serious the harm, the basic failure of the diseased plant, and the great loss to the farmers.
At present, the continuous cropping soil disinfection is mainly divided into physical disinfection and chemical disinfection. The physical killing is mainly to soak soil for a long time in the leisure season of crops to kill harmful bacteria and pests in the soil. Or closing the shed at high temperature in summer, ploughing and watering the soil, spreading quicklime, lime nitrogen and the like, and sealing the shed film to ensure that the temperature in the shed is up to over 70 ℃ so as to kill part of germs and ova in the shed and in the soil. However, the canopy-closing time is 15-20 days at least and 1 month at most. Long operation time and high requirement on seasonal temperature environment. The medicine is prepared by selecting corresponding medicines according to the types of diseases. Spraying and irrigating roots to sterilize the soil before planting. The root rot disease is controlled by such medicaments as hymexazol, cumquat and DT; the synergistic carbendazim, DT and Luodarone aqua are selected for preventing and treating blight and verticillium wilt; frost-resistant ketone, chlorothalonil and the like are selected for preventing and treating epidemic diseases; the high-concentration chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, DT and the like are selected for preventing and treating bacterial wilt. With the increase of the types of the plant diseases and insect pests, the cost is relatively high.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid (Trichloroisocyanuric acid), white powder or granule, is soluble in water, is a new generation of high-efficiency bleaching agent, decolorizing and deodorizing agent, disinfectant, oxidant, chlorinating agent and bactericide, releases free chlorine in water for a long time, has no solid phase residue after hydrolysis, and has transparent and clear water quality, stable storage and safety. However, trichloroisocyanuric acid has strong stimulation to eyes, nose, skin and the like of people, and a large amount of inhalation can cause dyspnea and poisoning.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a solanaceous continuous cropping soil disinfection method which is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and short in time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: provides a solanaceous continuous cropping soil disinfection method, which comprises the following steps:
and 3, dissolving the trichloroethylcyanuric acid serving as a soil disinfectant in water, spraying the trichloroethylcyanuric acid to the surface of the furrow through a spray pipe to disinfect the soil, wherein the application proportion of the trichloroethylcyanuric acid per mu is 0.5-1kg, and the trichloroethylcyanuric acid needs to be thoroughly poured when being applied. (the application proportion of the first continuous cropping or the second continuous cropping with the previous stubble not having disease is 0.5kg per mu; the application proportion of the second continuous cropping with a small disease is about 0.8kg per mu; the application proportion of the second continuous cropping with serious disease or the first continuous cropping with eggplant and tomato deep roots with multiple years or 1kg per mu.)
Further, in the above method for sterilizing the soil for continuous cropping of solanaceous vegetables, the step (1) further comprises: spraying herbicide on the soil.
Further, in the method for sterilizing the continuous cropping soil of the solanaceous vegetables, the ridge surfaces are covered by the white transparent heat-preservation mulching film in summer, and the ridge surfaces are covered by the black heat-preservation mulching film in winter and spring.
Further, in the above method for sterilizing soil for continuous cropping of solanaceous vegetables, the time for sterilizing soil in the step (3) is 4 to 6 days.
Further, in the method for disinfecting the continuous cropping soil of the solanaceous vegetables, the trichloroethyl cyanuric acid in the step (3) is dissolved in the water, and then is conveyed to the water spraying pipe by the Venturi fertilizer applicator according to a certain proportion to be sprayed on the surface of the ridge and deeply permeates into the soil.
Further, in the method for sterilizing the solanaceous fruit continuous cropping soil, the fertilization ratio of the trichloroethyl cyanuric acid to the water in the step (3) is 0.2-6%, and the regulation is carried out according to the water pressure.
Further, in the method for disinfecting the continuous cropping soil of the solanaceous vegetables, the trichloroethyl cyanuric acid in the step (3) is dissolved in a container, and then the pipeline is communicated with the Venturi fertilizer applicator, wherein the container is a barrel body with a small opening and a large base and an upper cover.
Further, in the method for sterilizing the continuous cropping soil of the solanaceous vegetables, the upper cover is connected with the stirrer, the lower end of the stirrer penetrates through the upper cover and extends into the barrel, and the lower end of the stirrer is provided with the stirring paddle.
Further, the method for disinfecting the solanaceous continuous cropping soil further comprises the following steps: and after the soil is disinfected, supplementing liquid microbial fertilizer to each mu before planting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for disinfecting the solanaceous continuous cropping soil has the advantages of simple and convenient use and operation, low cost, short disinfection time and the like. The disinfection method of the invention firstly uses the trichloroethylacetic acid with the heat preservation mulching film, and combines the trichloroethylacetic acid with the venturi fertilizer applicator, the water spraying pipe and other equipment together to disinfect the continuous cropping planting soil of the pepper, and has the following advantages: the covering of the heat-preservation mulching film is mainly used for avoiding waste and pollution caused by the volatilization of a large amount of trichloroisocyanuric acid into the air and improving the temperature of soil; the venturi fertilizer applicator is matched with the water spraying pipe, so that the trichloroisocyanuric acid can uniformly enter the soil, and the waste and pollution caused by direct mixed use and volatilization of the trichloroisocyanuric acid can be further avoided.
The solanaceous fruit continuous cropping soil disinfection method of the invention also plays a role in killing underground pests such as cutworms and the like, the incidence rate of the disease of the disinfected pepper continuous cropping soil is reduced to less than 3 percent of the planting quantity by calculation, and the technology can be applied to pepper continuous cropping planting and can also be extended to other solanaceous fruit planting. Experiments show that the disease incidence can be obviously reduced by using the technology in the continuous cropping planting of tomatoes and eggplants. The disinfection method is particularly suitable for medium and small planters with low facility investment. The technology is simple, convenient and economical, is convenient for popularization and learning, and can improve the economic benefit of pepper planting of medium and small farmers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a water spraying system used in cooperation with the method for sterilizing the solanaceous continuous cropping soil according to the embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. a plastic barrel body; 2. a stirrer; 3. a Venturi fertilizer applicator; 4. bedding; 5. heat preservation mulching film; 6. watering the main pipe; 7. and a water spray pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a water spraying system used in cooperation with a solanaceous fruit continuous cropping soil disinfection method comprises a plastic barrel body 1, a venturi fertilizer applicator 3, a main watering pipe 6 and a water spraying pipe 7 which are communicated with each other through pipelines, wherein the plastic barrel body 1 is a barrel body with a small opening and a large base and an upper cover. The upper cover is connected with a stirrer 2, the lower end of the stirrer 2 penetrates through the upper cover to extend into the barrel body, and a stirring paddle is arranged at the lower end of the stirrer.
The suction pipe of the Venturi fertilizer applicator 3 is communicated with the plastic barrel body 1, the main pipe of the Venturi fertilizer applicator is communicated with the main watering pipe 6, and the main watering pipe 6 is communicated with the water spraying pipe 7. The water spraying pipe 7 is arranged between the surface of the ridge 4 and the heat preservation mulching film 5.
A solanaceous fruit continuous cropping soil disinfection method using the water spraying system comprises the following steps:
and 3, dissolving trichlorocyanuric acid serving as a soil disinfectant in water, spraying the trichlorocyanuric acid to the surface of the furrow 4 through a spray pipe 6 for soil disinfection, conveying the trichlorocyanuric acid to the spray pipe through a Venturi fertilizer applicator 3 according to a ratio after dissolving the trichlorocyanuric acid in the water, and spraying the trichlorocyanuric acid to the surface of the furrow, wherein the trichlorocyanuric acid is required to be thoroughly watered during application. The application ratio of trichlorocyanuric acid to water was 0.4%. The application proportion of the trichlorocyanuric acid per mu is 0.5 kg. In summer, the white transparent heat-insulating mulching film is used, and the time for disinfecting the soil can be selected to be 6 days. After disinfection, the water spraying system can be used for supplementing 10 kilograms of liquid microbial fertilizer per mu before planting.
And (3) dissolving the trichloroethyl cyanuric acid in a container in the step (3), and communicating the venturi fertilizer applicator 3 through a pipeline, wherein the container is a plastic barrel body 1 with a small opening and a large base and an upper cover. The upper cover is connected with a stirrer 2, the lower end of the stirrer 2 penetrates through the upper cover to extend into the barrel, and a stirring paddle is arranged at the lower end of the stirrer.
The method for disinfecting the solanaceous continuous cropping soil is characterized in that trichloroisocyanuric acid is matched with a certain disinfection technology to disinfect the soil for solanaceous continuous cropping planting, and the method has the advantages of short time, low cost and quick application to bases, farms and small cooperative society. It also has killing effect on underground pests such as cutworms.
Example 2
A solanaceous fruit continuous cropping soil disinfection method comprises the following steps:
and 3, using trichloroethylcyanuric acid as a soil disinfectant, dissolving the trichloroethylcyanuric acid in a container, communicating the trichloroethylcyanuric acid with the Venturi fertilizer applicator through a pipeline, converging a main pipe of the Venturi fertilizer applicator, and spraying the trichloroethylcyanuric acid onto the surface of the furrow through a water spraying pipe to disinfect the soil. The fertilization proportion of the trichlorocyanuric acid to the water is 6 percent, and the application proportion of the trichlorocyanuric acid per mu is 1 kg. It is applied by pouring. After sterilization was complete, the water spray system of example 1 was used to supplement 10 kilograms of liquid microbial fertilizer per acre prior to planting.
In the method, under the condition of relatively strong high-temperature sunlight in summer, the temperature of the soil is raised under the action of the light-permeable protective mulching film through direct sunlight, the hydrolysis of trichloroisocyanuric acid is accelerated, and the continuous cropping soil can be sterilized within 6 days. In early spring climate, the black heat-preservation mulching film can absorb the heat of sunlight in the daytime, the soil temperature is increased, and the continuous cropping soil can be disinfected within 15 days at most.
Example 3
A solanaceous fruit continuous cropping soil disinfection method comprises the following steps:
And 2, irrigating the cleaned land, cultivating again and then leveling the ridge. A micro-spraying hose or an adhesive tape pipe is laid on the axis of the ridge surface, a white light-permeable protective mulching film is used at high temperature in summer, and a black heat-insulating mulching film is used for covering the ridge surface at low temperature in winter and spring.
And 3, the laid pipe network can be linked with the water and fertilizer integrated facility by the large base. And the small-sized base can connect the water pipe with the water supply pipe and use the Venturi fertilizer applicator to perform the disinfection operation. The use of israetafin venturi proportional fertilizer applicator is recommended. The fertilizer applicator uses a six-branch pipe water supply pipe, and the fertilizer application ratio is 4%.
The application proportion of the trichlorocyanuric acid serving as a soil disinfectant per mu is 0.8 kg. A venturi fertilizer applicator was used to assist in sterilization. A plastic barrel with a cover and a small opening and a large base can be adopted, and a small hole is drilled on the cover, so that the size of the absorption tube of the Venturi fertilizer applicator is met, and the volatilization of trichloroisocyanuric acid is avoided. The soil must be drenched when applied. After disinfection, 10 kilograms of liquid microbial fertilizer is supplemented per mu before planting.
Trichloroisocyanuric acid has certain toxicity and corrosivity, and operators need to wear gas masks and gloves to quickly pour trichloroisocyanuric acid into a plastic barrel, and stir after a cover is tightly covered.
During operation, attention needs to be paid to the size of water flow, and the number of the valve switches is determined according to the actual water pressure so as to ensure the water pressure. So that the trichloroisocyanuric acid solution can be quickly infiltrated into the soil.
After the use, clear water is added into the plastic barrel body to wash the water pipe, so that the trichloroisocyanuric acid is prevented from precipitating and blocking the conduit. Ensuring that the added trichloroisocyanuric acid is completely acted on the soil.
In the embodiment, the mulching film not only improves the soil temperature, but also has the main function of preventing trichloroisocyanuric acid from volatilizing into the air in large quantity to cause waste and pollution. Under the condition that high-temperature sunlight is relatively strong in summer, the temperature of the soil is raised under the action of the light-permeable protective mulching film through direct sunlight, the hydrolysis of trichloroisocyanuric acid is accelerated, and the continuous cropping soil can be sterilized within 4 days.
Example 4
The solanaceous continuous cropping soil disinfection method implemented in the embodiment 3 is used, the application rate per mu is 0.8kg, and the treatment effects are shown in the following tables 1 to 3.
TABLE 1 Pepper planted in previous crop with disease occurrence, Pepper planted in current crop
TABLE 2 planting tomato in the first crop, disease, eggplant in the current crop
TABLE 3 planting eggplant in the first crop, disease, tomato in the current crop
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the attached drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, the same should be construed as follows: are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A solanaceous fruit continuous cropping soil disinfection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, pulling out the solanaceous fruit crops planted in the previous crop out of soil;
step 2, soil cultivation and furrow preparation are carried out to obtain multiple lines of furrows, heat-preservation mulching films are used for covering the surfaces of the furrows, water spraying pipes are laid between the surfaces of the furrows and the mulching films, and water spraying holes are formed in the side walls of the water spraying pipes;
and 3, dissolving the trichloroethylcyanuric acid serving as a soil disinfectant in water, spraying the trichloroethylcyanuric acid to the surface of the ridge through a spray pipe, and disinfecting the soil, wherein the application ratio of the trichloroethylcyanuric acid to each mu is 0.5-1 kg.
2. The solanaceous continuous cropping soil disinfection method of claim 1, wherein said step (1) further comprises: spraying herbicide on the soil.
3. The method for disinfecting the continuous cropping soil of solanaceous fruits according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the ridge surfaces are covered by white transparent heat-preservation mulching films in summer and covered by black heat-preservation mulching films in winter and spring.
4. The method for disinfecting the soil after the continuous cropping of solanaceous vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for disinfecting the soil in the step (3) is 4-6 days.
5. The method for disinfecting the soil after the continuous cropping of solanaceous vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the trichloroethylcyanuric acid is dissolved in water and then is delivered to a water spraying pipe through a Venturi fertilizer applicator according to a certain proportion to be sprayed on the surface of the ridge.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization ratio of trichloroethylene cyanuric acid to water in step (3) is 0.2-6%.
7. The method for disinfecting soil after continuous cropping of solanaceous fruits according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the trichloroethyl cyanuric acid is dissolved in a container, and then the pipeline is communicated with a Venturi fertilizer applicator, and the container is a barrel body with a small opening and a large base and an upper cover.
8. The method for disinfecting the soil after the continuous cropping of the solanaceous fruits as claimed in claim 7, wherein a stirrer is connected to the upper cover, the lower end of the stirrer penetrates through the upper cover and extends into the cylinder body, and a stirring paddle is arranged at the lower end of the stirrer.
9. The solanaceous continuous cropping soil disinfection method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and after the soil is disinfected, supplementing liquid microbial fertilizer to each mu before planting.
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| WO2013181240A2 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-05 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Methods and compositions to reduce soil water repellency |
| CN103814799A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-28 | 华南农业大学 | Soil improving method |
| CN107223451A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-03 | 周碧华 | A kind of rescue method of eggplant after floods |
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| CN110313356A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-11 | 陈平 | A kind of implantation methods of Crops ' |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013181240A2 (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-12-05 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Methods and compositions to reduce soil water repellency |
| CN103814799A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-28 | 华南农业大学 | Soil improving method |
| CN107223451A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-03 | 周碧华 | A kind of rescue method of eggplant after floods |
| CN107371762A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-11-24 | 陇南远大生物科技有限公司 | A kind of no-tillage high-yield cultural method of the tuber of pinellia |
| CN110313356A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-11 | 陈平 | A kind of implantation methods of Crops ' |
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