CN114642742A - 多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114642742A CN114642742A CN202210398147.5A CN202210398147A CN114642742A CN 114642742 A CN114642742 A CN 114642742A CN 202210398147 A CN202210398147 A CN 202210398147A CN 114642742 A CN114642742 A CN 114642742A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种多重刺激响应纳米材料‑高分子复合水凝胶及其制备方法,所述高分子复合水凝胶由负载硫利达嗪的聚合物纳米颗粒、表面饰有对氨基‑偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂以及四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛、四臂聚乙二醇氨基、α‑环糊精通过席夫碱、主客体相互作用形成的可注射水凝胶三部分组成。本发明解决现有水凝胶材料在光热剂从水凝胶中均匀释放于病灶处进行光热治疗时常见的热异质和单一纳米颗粒载药利用效率不高、循环保留时间短的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶及其制备方法,属于高分子生物材料领域。
背景技术
现代癌症治疗手段常伴随特异性差、毒性副作用强、易复发等问题。这主要是因为化疗、放疗、手术等无法对肿瘤细胞特异性杀伤完全。为了达到更好的肿瘤治疗效果,研究者们将目光投入到药物递送系统领域。与传统化疗递送药物方式不同,药物递送系统负载药物后,只有到达肿瘤区域才会释放药物。这种特异性释放一方面在保证治疗药效的基础上减少了药物使用剂量,另一方面减小了药物对正常细胞的损伤。所以药物递送系统的设计与制备研究对人类癌症治疗而言是具有非凡意义的。
药物递送系统的特异性通常由其主/被动靶向或对某些刺激的响应性质实现。主被动靶向通常是纳米颗粒实现特异性的途径。1986年首次提出的增强渗透性和保留性效应(Enhanced permeability and retention,EPR)是所有纳米颗粒递送系统被动靶向的理论支撑,认为实体瘤组织中血管丰富、血管壁间隙较宽、结构完整性差,淋巴回流缺失,相较于正常组织处,纳米粒子更容易渗透肿瘤组织并滞留。主动靶向是指在纳米粒子表面修饰特异性抗体/多肽配体来实现主动靶向肿瘤细胞。但纳米颗粒粒径小,血液循环代谢保留时间短,易被代谢,进入肿瘤组织处效率较低。
水凝胶是现在热门研究的药物递送系统材料之一,由于其强大的包容性(载药量大,可作细胞因子、基因、抗体甚至细胞递送的载体),良好的生物相容性,丰富的合成机理和可设计性等特点,引起了研究者们的广泛关注。水凝胶的特异性释放通常是通过刺激响应实现的,这些刺激又可分为体外物理刺激和内源性肿瘤微环境刺激。体外物理刺激通常包括外加磁场、外界光、热、超声等(Materials Science and Engineering:C,2018,92,1016-1030)。内源性肿瘤微环境刺激通常包括酸性pH、过表达酶、乏氧、细胞内还原条件升高等(Journal of Controlled Release,2020,319,344-351)。理想的水凝胶材料应该具有高的生物降解性,降解过程中不形成有毒物质,载药效率高,灵活刺激敏感性,双刺激敏感性,甚至多刺激敏感性。
有鉴于此,确有必要提出一种新的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶及其制备方法,以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶及其制备方法,以解决现有水凝胶材料在光热剂从水凝胶中均匀释放于病灶处进行光热治疗时常见的热异质和单一纳米颗粒载药利用效率不高、循环保留时间短的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,所述高分子复合水凝胶由负载硫利达嗪的聚合物纳米颗粒、表面饰有对氨基-偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂以及四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛、四臂聚乙二醇氨基、α-环糊精通过席夫碱、主客体相互作用形成的可注射水凝胶三部分组成。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述高分子复合水凝胶的多重刺激响应分别为乏氧刺激响应、光热刺激响应、pH刺激响应。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述高分子复合水凝胶的形成有席夫碱反应参与,具有pH刺激响应,在pH=6.5的微酸环境下可发生轻微降解释放二硫化钼。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述高分子复合水凝胶具有乏氧响应,在pH=7.4的连二亚硫酸钠的PBS溶液中发生轻微降解释放二硫化钼。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述高分子复合水凝胶的形成有主客体相互作用参加,具有光热刺激响应,使用785nm激光器在功率密度为0.5W/cm2的条件下照射5min,高分子复合水凝胶发生相转变,由凝胶态转变成溶液态。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述聚合物纳米颗粒表面的聚乙二醇可与所述可注射水凝胶的α-环糊精发生主客体相互作用,从而固定在所述可注射水凝胶上;所述表面饰有对氨基-偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂表面带有的氨基-偶氮苯官能团可与四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛通过形成“C=N”键固定在所述可注射水凝胶上。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述高分子复合水凝胶可从直径小于等于0.45mm的注射器中注射出,具有良好的可注射性质。
本发明还提供了一种多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶制备方法,用于制备上述任一多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,具体包括:
步骤1:用超纯水配置600mg/mL四臂聚乙二醇氨基溶液、380mg/mL四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛溶液、245mg/mLα-环糊精溶液;
步骤2:取步骤1中50μL所述四臂聚乙二醇氨基溶液,向其中加入表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂,涡轮震荡仪震荡30s混匀;
步骤3:抗癌药物硫利达嗪与聚合物纳米颗粒质量比为1:1条件下分散在适量超纯水中,在37℃,离心机转速500r/min的情况下孵育12h,在离心机转速1000r/min的情况下离心15min,纯化,留沉淀,得到纳米颗粒沉淀;
步骤4:取2mg步骤3中的所述纳米颗粒沉淀,加入步骤1所得1mL的所述α-环糊精溶液,超声仪超声5-10min,使所述纳米颗粒沉淀均匀分散;
步骤5:向步骤2所得混合液中加入100μL步骤4所得混合液,涡轮震荡仪震荡30s混匀;
步骤6:向上述步骤5所得混合液中加入50μL上述步骤1所得四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛溶液,涡轮震荡仪震荡30s混匀;
步骤7:用注射器将步骤6中所得混合液吸出,静置5-7min。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤2中所述表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂的制备步骤为:
步骤21:将对二胺偶氮苯加入到pH=8.5的Tris缓冲溶液,所述Tris缓冲溶液的溶剂为水:乙醇=3:7的混合液,超声仪超声5-10min使其完全溶解;
步骤22:向步骤21的溶液中加入磁子,边搅拌边加入聚多巴胺包覆的二硫化钼,室温避光搅拌反应12h;
步骤23:将步骤22所得反应溶液离心纯化,分散在超纯水中,4℃冷藏保存,得到所述表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤3中所述聚合物纳米颗粒的制备步骤如下:
步骤31:将6mmol单体丙烯酸加入到40mL乙腈溶剂中,以2%wt偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,3%mol含有二硫键的双(2-甲基丙烯)乙氧基二硫做作为交联剂,超声仪超声5min混匀反应溶液;
步骤32:向上述步骤31的反应溶液中加入磁子进行搅拌,加热反应至溶液开始出现沸腾,保持加热温度在95℃,继续反应50min,停止反应;
步骤33:向上述步骤32反应液中加入3mmol甲基丙烯酸炔丙基酯、1.5mmol单体丙烯酸,以4%wt偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,9%mol含有二硫键的双(2-甲基丙烯)乙氧基二硫做作为交联剂,超声仪超声5min使反应液均匀;
步骤34:加热反应至溶液开始出现沸腾,保持加热温度在95℃,继续反应60min,停止反应;
步骤35:将上述步骤34得到的乳白色溶液以12000r/min离心15min,弃去上层清液,用40mL乙腈洗涤5-10min,重复三次,洗涤后得到纳米颗粒并冻干保存;
步骤36:将上述步骤35中冻干的所得纳米颗粒和甲氧基聚乙二醇巯基加入到乙腈溶液中;
步骤37:向上述步骤36中加入5%wt的2-羟基-4'-(2-羟乙氧基)-2-甲基苯丙酮作为引发剂,超声仪超声5min;
步骤38:向所述步骤37的反应溶液中加入磁子搅拌,通氮气25min,365nm紫外灯下反应30min;
步骤39:将步骤38反应后得到的溶液离心,洗涤得到聚合物纳米颗粒,冻干保存。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶通过在可注射水凝胶形成的水凝胶骨架上固定了光热剂和聚合物纳米颗粒,一方面,可注射水凝胶、聚合物纳米颗粒的组合实现双载药,可分别对肿瘤微环境的乏氧、pH发生刺激响应,实现对化疗特异性的优化,降低化疗副作用;另一方面光热剂的存在和乏氧响应释放不仅引入了其他治疗方式还可作为逐级释放的刺激条件触发下一级响应,经NIR照射光热剂升温,对肿瘤产生光热治疗,升高的温度可触发高分子复合水凝胶相转变,促进后续聚合物纳米颗粒的释放,提高了聚合物纳米颗粒在肿瘤处的滞留量,高分子复合水凝胶释放后被肿瘤细胞摄入,肿瘤细胞内低pH的环境使高分子复合水凝胶发生质子化作用,从而实现药物释放。
附图说明
图1是本发明的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶的合成示意图。
图2是本发明的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶的结构图。
图3是本发明的聚合物纳米颗粒的TEM测试图。
图4是本发明的聚合物纳米颗粒的XPS谱图。
图5是本发明的聚合物纳米颗粒的FT-IR测试图。
图6是本发明的光热剂的TEM测试图。
图7是本发明的光热剂的FT-IR测试图。
图8是本发明的光热剂的Zeta电位测试图。
图9是本发明的光热剂光热转化升温曲线图。
图10是本发明的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶的制备流程图。
图11是本发明实施例中合成的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶SEM表征图。
图12是本发明的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶对光热刺激响应性质的反应时间图。
图13是是本发明的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶对光热刺激响应性质的示意图。
图14是本发明的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶中的抗癌药物硫利达嗪在不同酸碱度环境以及不同谷胱甘肽浓度中的释放曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
如图1和图2所示,本发明提供一种具有多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶及其制备方法,多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶由负载硫利达嗪(THZ,Thioridazine)的聚合物纳米颗粒(甲氧基聚乙二醇-聚(丙烯酸-co-甲基丙烯酸炔丙基酯),MethoxyPolyethyleneGlycol-Polyacrylicacid@(acrylicacid-co-Propargylmethacrylate),mPEG-PAA@(AA-co-PAM)),表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂(Azobenzenediamine-polydopamine@MoS2,NH2-Azo-PDA@MoS2),四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛(4-armPoly(ethyleneglycol)benzaldehyde,4-armPEG-DF)、四臂聚乙二醇氨基(4-armPoly(ethyleneglycol)amine,4-armPEG-NH2),α-环糊精(α-Cyclodextrin)通过席夫碱、主客体相互作用形成的可注射水凝胶三部分组成
多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶的主体是由四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛、四臂聚乙二醇氨基、α-环糊精通过席夫碱反应、主客体相互作用形成的可注射水凝胶。氨基、苯甲醛可发生席夫碱反应,聚乙二醇和α-环糊精有主客体相互作用,两种反应均可实现可注射水凝胶的合成,且对不同刺激条件会发生响应。
表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂、聚合物纳米颗粒分别通过席夫碱反应和主客体相互作用固定在可注射水凝胶上。聚合物纳米颗粒表面的聚乙二醇可与α-环糊精发生主客体相互作用,α-环糊精为空腔结构可套在聚乙二醇上,很多个α-环糊精嵌套在聚乙二醇上形成准聚轮烷(Pseudopolyrotaxane,PPR),PPR间有氢键作用,从而固定在可注射水凝胶形成的水凝胶骨架上。氢键作用对热不稳定,遇热即可消失。光热剂表面带有的氨基-偶氮苯官能团可与四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛通过形成“C=N”键固定在可注射水凝胶的形成的水凝胶骨架。席夫碱反应形成的“C=N”键遇酸不稳定会断裂。聚合物纳米颗粒表面通过静电吸附的抗癌药物硫利达嗪THZ。复合材料载药体系能通过谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)对二硫键交联剂的刺激响应降解聚合物纳米颗粒,同时通过乏氧和微酸刺激降解可注射水凝胶。高分子复合水凝胶形成的复合材料载药体系降解后产物均没有明显的生物毒性。
聚合物纳米颗粒制备过程是先形成聚丙烯酸纳米颗粒核,再在核外部聚合丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸炔丙基酯形成外壳,最后通过“炔基-巯基”点击化学反应在聚合物纳米颗粒表面修饰上甲氧基聚乙二醇。
本发明中,聚合物纳米颗粒先由单体丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸炔丙基酯,由含有二硫键的交联剂双(2-甲基丙烯)乙氧基二硫(Bis(2-methacryloyl)oxyethyldisulfide,BMOD)在引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(2,2-Azobisisobutyronitrile,AIBN)的作用下通过改良回流沉淀法合成P(AA-co-PMA),再与甲氧基聚乙二醇巯基(MethoxyPoly(ethyleneglycol)thiol,mPEG-SH)在2-羟基-4'-(2-羟乙氧基)-2-甲基苯丙酮(2-Hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone,Irg2959)引发剂作用下发生点击化学反应制得。聚合物纳米颗粒表面具有羧基和甲氧基聚乙二醇官能团。
本实施例中聚合物纳米颗粒(PEG-PAA@(AA-co-PAM))具体制备方法如下:
步骤31:将6mmol单体丙烯酸加入到40mL乙腈溶剂中,2%wt偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,3%mol含有二硫键的双(2-甲基丙烯)乙氧基二硫做作为交联剂,超声5min混匀反应溶液;
步骤32:向上述步骤31的反应溶液中加入磁子进行搅拌,加热反应至溶液开始出现沸腾,保持加热温度在95℃,继续反应50min,停止反应;
步骤33:向上述步骤2反应液中加入3mmol甲基丙烯酸炔丙基酯、1.5mmol单体丙烯酸、4%wt偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,9%mol含有二硫键的双(2-甲基丙烯)乙氧基二硫做作为交联剂,超声仪超声5min使反应液均匀;
步骤34:加热反应至溶液开始出现沸腾,保持加热温度在95℃,继续反应60min,停止反应;
步骤35:将上述步骤34得到的乳白色溶液以12000r/min离心15min,弃去上层清液,用40mL乙腈洗涤5-10min,重复三次,洗涤后得到纳米颗粒并冻干保存;
步骤36:将上述步骤35中冻干的所得纳米颗粒和甲氧基聚乙二醇巯基(SH-mPEG)加入到乙腈溶液中;
步骤37:向上述步骤36中加入5%wt的2-羟基-4'-(2-羟乙氧基)-2-甲基苯丙酮作为引发剂,超声仪分散5min;
步骤38:像上述步骤37反应溶液中加入磁子搅拌,通氮气25min,365nm紫外灯下反应30min;
步骤39:将步骤38反应后得到的溶液离心,洗涤得到聚合物纳米颗粒,冻干保存。
由丙烯酸为单体形成的聚合物纳米颗粒,具有pH刺激响应,在pH=5.0的微酸环境下聚合物纳米颗粒具有良好的药物(THZ)释放能力。
通过含有二硫键的交联剂双(2-甲基丙烯)乙氧基二硫作用形成的聚合物纳米颗粒,具有氧化还原刺激响应,在还原剂谷胱甘肽浓度较高的条件下,聚合物纳米颗粒具有良好的降解性质。
图3~图5为本发明实施例中聚合物纳米颗粒的TEM测试图,XPS测试图及FT-IR测试图,通过TEM可以看出,制备出的聚合物纳米颗粒分散性良好,粒径均一,平均尺寸在380nm左右;经XPS谱图分析可看出点击化学反应后,聚合物纳米颗粒的“C-O”键含量增多,这是因为聚乙二醇中含有大量“C-O”键;红外谱图可看到2885cm-1处出峰,是“-CH2”的伸缩振动,也是甲氧基聚乙二醇巯基的特征峰,表明聚乙二醇巯基的成功修饰。聚合物纳米颗粒表面带有羧基和甲氧基聚乙二醇官能团,羧基与硫利达嗪静电相互作用可使纳米颗粒实现载药功能,聚乙二醇与α-环糊精结合的主客体相互作用可使中聚合物纳米颗粒固定在水凝胶骨架。
表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂(NH2-Azo-PDA@MoS2)的制备中,将成品的聚多巴胺包覆的二硫化钼与对二胺偶氮苯在弱碱条件下反应,形成表面带有偶氮苯官能团的光热剂。其中成品的聚多巴胺包覆的二硫化钼制备的过程为将二硫化钼溶液滴加到pH=8.5的Tris缓冲溶液中(溶剂为超纯水),得到二硫化钼混合液;将多巴胺溶于超纯水中,得到多巴胺溶液;将多巴胺溶液与二硫化钼混合液混合,超声反应1h,离心收集沉淀,超纯水洗涤并干燥,得到聚多巴胺包覆的二硫化钼。
本实施例中表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂(NH2-Azo-PDA@MoS2)具体制备方法包括如下:
步骤21:将20mg对二胺偶氮苯溶于6mL Tris-缓冲液(10mmol/L,pH=8.5,水:乙醇=3:7)中,超声使其溶解充分;
步骤22:向步骤21所得反应溶液中加入磁子,边搅拌边加入聚多巴胺包覆的二硫化钼(PDA@MoS2),持续搅拌12h;
步骤23:将步骤2所得反应液15000r/min离心30min,乙醇超声离心洗涤三次。得到表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂(NH2-Azo-PDA@MoS2)。
请参阅图6~图8所示,通过测试结果可以看出,制备出的光热剂为二维纳米片。Zeta电位图可看出随着二硫化钼表面功能化得一步步实现,二硫化钼表面电荷逐步降低,这是因为多巴胺和对二胺偶氮苯都带正电,可与二硫化钼表面负电荷中合。FT-IR谱图可观察到1505cm-1,1600cm-1处有明显出峰,分别为苯环伸缩振动和“N-H”伸缩振动,表明聚多巴胺成功包覆,对氨基偶氮苯成功修饰。请参阅图9所示,随近红外光功率密度和光热剂浓度的增加,光热剂可达最高温度升高,表明表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂良好的光热转化效果。
请参阅图10所示,本实施例中多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶具体制备方法包括如下:
步骤1:用超纯水配置600mg/mL四臂聚乙二醇氨基溶液、380mg/mL四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛溶液、245mg/mLα-环糊精溶液,超声仪超声分散均匀;
步骤2:取步骤1中50μL四臂聚乙二醇氨基溶液,向其中加入表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂,涡轮震荡仪震荡30s混匀;
步骤3:抗癌药物硫利达嗪(THZ)与聚合物纳米颗粒质量比为1:1条件下分散在适量超纯水中,在37℃,离心机转速500r/min的情况下孵育12h,在离心机转速1000r/min的情况下离心15min,纯化,洗涤,重复三次留沉淀,得到纳米颗粒沉淀;
步骤4:取2mg步骤3中的所述纳米颗粒沉淀,加入步骤1所得1mL的所述α-环糊精溶液,超声仪超声5-10min,使所述纳米颗粒沉淀均匀分散;
步骤5:向步骤2所得混合液中加入100μL步骤4所得混合液,涡轮震荡仪震荡30s混匀;
步骤6:向上述步骤5所得混合液中加入50μL上述步骤1所得四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛溶液,涡轮震荡仪震荡30s混匀;
步骤7:用注射器将步骤6中所得混合液吸出,静置5-7min。
其中,四臂聚乙二醇衍生物的分子量均为2K。由于α-环糊精室温下在水中的溶解度为140mg/mL,所以配置245mg/mLα-环糊精水溶液需在大约45℃水浴下超声溶解。表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂最终在多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶中的含量约500μg/mL。
多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶可从0.45mm直径的1mL注射器中注射出,具有良好的可注射性质;
请参阅图11所示,本发明对多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶的刺激响应行为通过下述方法进行表征,包括以下步骤:
S1:将1mg纳米颗粒与1mg/mL的硫利达嗪THZ溶液混合震荡12h,用超纯水洗去纳米颗粒表面的残留药物,将所得载药后的纳米颗粒分散在1mL超纯水中;
S2:将上述步骤1制得的1mL载药纳米颗粒转移到3500Da的透析袋中,封闭透析袋两端,将透析袋放入装有20mL缓冲液(pH=7.4,pH=7.4+GSH,pH=5.0,pH=5.0+GSH)的小玻璃瓶中,将小玻璃瓶放入摇床,在37℃,110r/min条件下震荡,间隔取样并补充相对应缓冲溶液;
S3:将本发明的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶注入24孔聚碳酯膜(PC)Transwell的嵌套(0.8μm)中,每嵌套注射体积为100μL;
S4:将上述步骤3中的嵌套置于24孔细胞培养板,24孔板的孔中分别加入1mLpH=7.4、pH=6.5、pH=7.4+SDT、pH=6.5+SDT的磷酸缓冲盐溶液。将孔板置于摇床中,在37℃,110r/min条件下震荡;
S5:将本发明的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶置于200μL离心管中,在785nm近红外光和0.5W/cm2功率密度下照射7min,热成像仪记录升温过程。
请参阅图12~图13所示,高分子复合水凝胶的形成有主客体相互作用参加,具有光热刺激响应,在785nm近红外激光,0.5W/cm2功率密度下,5min内凝胶即可升温至48℃,多重刺激响应水凝胶发生相转变,由“凝胶态”转变成“溶液态”,实现了光热响应性质;
高分子复合水凝胶表面带有偶氮苯官能团,具有乏氧响应,在连二亚硫酸钠(SodiumHydrosulfite,SDT)的PBS溶液(pH=7.4)中(用于模仿肿瘤微环境中的乏氧)可发生轻微降解释放二硫化钼。
高分子复合水凝胶的形成有席夫碱反应参与,具有pH刺激响应,在pH=6.5的微酸环境下可发生轻微降解释放二硫化钼。
在肿瘤微环境中由于酶的存在,偶氮苯的“N=N”键可在乏氧条件下被还原成氨基,从而发生乏氧响应。连二亚硫酸钠具有强还原性,用来模拟肿瘤微环境中的乏氧条件。实验结果为pH=7.4缓冲液组溶液几乎无色,pH=6.5,pH=7.4+SDT实验组溶液为淡棕褐色,pH=6.0+SDT实验组溶液为深棕褐色。实验现象表明乏氧和低pH均可使高分子复合水凝胶发生响应释放光热剂,但两个刺激协同作用时光热剂释放效率更高。
请参阅图14所示,通过与其他实验组可以看出,本实例中聚合物纳米颗粒对pH和谷胱甘肽的响应成功,聚合物纳米颗粒对硫利达嗪THZ的负载效率为13.8%,在pH=5.0和10mmol/L谷胱甘肽条件下,40h实现90%的药物释放;药物释放效果远高于单纯低pH或单纯高含量谷胱甘肽的实验组,表明双刺激响应更高的药物释放能力。
综上所述,本发明提供的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶通过在可注射水凝胶形成的水凝胶骨架上固定了光热剂和聚合物纳米颗粒,一方面,可注射水凝胶、聚合物纳米颗粒的组合实现双载药,可分别对肿瘤微环境的乏氧、pH发生刺激响应,实现对化疗特异性的优化,降低化疗副作用;另一方面光热剂的存在和乏氧响应释放不仅引入了其他治疗方式还可作为逐级释放的刺激条件触发下一级响应,经NIR照射光热剂升温,对肿瘤产生光热治疗,升高的温度可触发高分子复合水凝胶相转变,促进后续聚合物纳米颗粒的释放,提高了聚合物纳米颗粒在肿瘤处的滞留量,高分子复合水凝胶释放后被肿瘤细胞摄入,肿瘤细胞内低pH的环境使高分子复合水凝胶发生质子化作用,从而实现药物释放。
本发明提供的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶具有乏氧、微酸、光热刺激响应释放的性质,可针对不同需求逐级释放物质。可注射水凝胶可先通过微酸、乏氧促进表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂的释放,再在近红外光(785nm,0.5W/cm2)下照射发生光热效应,触发高分子复合水凝胶“凝胶态-溶液态”相转变释放聚合物纳米颗粒,聚合物纳米颗粒在肿瘤细胞pH环境偏低的情况下,通过静电吸附在聚合物纳米颗粒的抗癌药物THZ,由于高浓度H+对静电吸附的破坏作用发生质子化作用,即可从聚合物纳米颗粒中释放出来;另一方面,肿瘤细胞中具有浓度较高的谷胱甘肽,可以还原聚合物纳米颗粒中的二硫键,从而进一步降解聚合物纳米颗粒释放硫利达嗪THZ。本发明所运用的材料具有低毒性,生物相容性好的特点,在生物应用领域具有广阔的应用前景。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述高分子复合水凝胶由负载硫利达嗪的聚合物纳米颗粒、表面饰有对氨基-偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂以及四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛、四臂聚乙二醇氨基、α-环糊精通过席夫碱、主客体相互作用形成的可注射水凝胶三部分组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述高分子复合水凝胶的多重刺激响应分别为乏氧刺激响应、光热刺激响应、pH刺激响应。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述高分子复合水凝胶的形成有席夫碱反应参与,具有pH刺激响应,在pH=6.5的微酸环境下可发生轻微降解释放二硫化钼。
4.根据权利要求2所述的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述高分子复合水凝胶具有乏氧响应,在pH=7.4的连二亚硫酸钠的PBS溶液中发生轻微降解释放二硫化钼。
5.根据权利要求2所述的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述高分子复合水凝胶的形成有主客体相互作用参加,具有光热刺激响应,使用785nm激光器在功率密度为0.5W/cm2的条件下照射5min,高分子复合水凝胶发生相转变,由凝胶态转变成溶液态。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述聚合物纳米颗粒表面的聚乙二醇可与所述可注射水凝胶的α-环糊精发生主客体相互作用,从而固定在所述可注射水凝胶上;所述表面饰有对氨基-偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂表面带有的氨基-偶氮苯官能团可与四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛通过形成“C=N”键固定在所述可注射水凝胶上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,其特征在于:所述高分子复合水凝胶可从直径小于等于0.45mm的注射器中注射出,具有良好的可注射性质。
8.一种多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶的制备方法,应用于制备权利要求1~7中任意一项所述的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶,其特征在于,主要包括以下步骤:
步骤1:用超纯水配置600mg/mL四臂聚乙二醇氨基溶液、380mg/mL四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛溶液、245mg/mLα-环糊精溶液;
步骤2:取步骤1中50μL所述四臂聚乙二醇氨基溶液,向其中加入表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂,涡轮震荡仪震荡30s混匀;
步骤3:抗癌药物硫利达嗪与聚合物纳米颗粒质量比为1:1条件下分散在适量超纯水中,在37℃,离心机转速500r/min的情况下孵育12h,在离心机转速1000r/min的情况下离心15min,纯化,留沉淀,得到纳米颗粒沉淀;
步骤4:取2mg步骤3中的所述纳米颗粒沉淀,加入步骤1所得1mL的所述α-环糊精溶液,超声仪超声5-10min,使所述纳米颗粒沉淀均匀分散;
步骤5:向步骤2所得混合液中加入100μL步骤4所得混合液,涡轮震荡仪震荡30s混匀;
步骤6:向上述步骤5所得混合液中加入50μL上述步骤1所得四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛溶液,涡轮震荡仪震荡30s混匀;
步骤7:用注射器将步骤6中所得混合液吸出,静置5-7min。
9.根据权利要求8所述的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2中所述表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂的制备步骤为:
步骤21:将对二胺偶氮苯加入到pH=8.5的Tris缓冲溶液,所述Tris缓冲溶液的溶剂为水:乙醇=3:7的混合液,超声仪超声5-10min使其完全溶解;
步骤22:向步骤21的溶液中加入磁子,边搅拌边加入聚多巴胺包覆的二硫化钼,室温避光搅拌反应12h;
步骤23:将步骤22所得反应溶液离心纯化,分散在超纯水中,4℃冷藏保存,得到所述表面饰有对氨基偶氮苯官能团的二硫化钼光热剂。
10.根据权利要求8所述的多重刺激响应纳米材料-高分子复合水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中所述聚合物纳米颗粒的制备步骤如下:
步骤31:将6mmol单体丙烯酸加入到40mL乙腈溶剂中,以2%wt偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,3%mol含有二硫键的双(2-甲基丙烯)乙氧基二硫做作为交联剂,超声仪超声5min混匀反应溶液;
步骤32:向上述步骤31的反应溶液中加入磁子进行搅拌,加热反应至溶液开始出现沸腾,保持加热温度在95℃,继续反应50min,停止反应;
步骤33:向上述步骤32反应液中加入3mmol甲基丙烯酸炔丙基酯、1.5mmol单体丙烯酸,以4%wt偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,9%mol含有二硫键的双(2-甲基丙烯)乙氧基二硫做作为交联剂,超声仪超声5min使反应液均匀;
步骤34:加热反应至溶液开始出现沸腾,保持加热温度在95℃,继续反应60min,停止反应;
步骤35:将上述步骤34得到的乳白色溶液以12000r/min离心15min,弃去上层清液,用40mL乙腈洗涤5-10min,重复三次,洗涤后得到纳米颗粒并冻干保存;
步骤36:将上述步骤35中冻干的所得纳米颗粒和甲氧基聚乙二醇巯基加入到乙腈溶液中;
步骤37:向上述步骤36中加入5%wt的2-羟基-4'-(2-羟乙氧基)-2-甲基苯丙酮作为引发剂,超声仪超声5min;
步骤38:向所述步骤37的反应溶液中加入磁子搅拌,通氮气25min,365nm紫外灯下反应30min;
步骤39:将步骤38反应后得到的溶液离心,洗涤得到聚合物纳米颗粒,冻干保存。
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