CN114634507B - 一种检测锌离子的荧光探针及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种检测锌离子的荧光探针及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种荧光探针及其制备方法,具体涉及一种检测锌离子的荧光探针及其制备方法,属于荧光探针技术领域。
背景技术
锌离子作为生物体内含量第二的金属离子,在维持脑功能、神经传递、基因表达、氧化应激、免疫及繁殖等方面都起到了重要的作用。锌离子紊乱与一系列系统疾病如帕金森症、老年痴呆、脑缺血、癫痫等病症有关。了解锌离子的生物功能以及在体内的分布规律将有助于指导科研人员与医务人员有效控制锌离子流失引起的生物损伤,从而及时诊断并治疗相关疾病。因此,高效快速地检测食品、环境和生物样品中的锌离子意义重大。
然而,由于锌离子具有特殊的核外电子结构3d104s0,在磁性及光学性能方面的检测受到一定的限制。相比较而言,荧光分析检测技术具有突出优势。荧光分析检测技术因其具备简便性、可视性、快速高效性以及高灵敏度和高选择性等优点,在样品的原位可视化检测方面已趋于成熟。
目前,检测锌离子的荧光探针已经有了许多报道,但以羟基苯基苯丙噻唑为荧光团检测锌离子的荧光探针却很少。虽然该荧光团具有良好的发光性能,但其修饰位点较少,水溶性较差,大多数情况下需要含有一定比例的有机溶剂,在荧光探针的设计方面受到一定的局限,如Xu WZ等报道探针(Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A:Chemistry 2020,390,112262)需要在DMF-PBS(1:1,v/v)条件下实现待测对象的检测。中国专利“一种识别铝离子和锌离子的双功能荧光探针及其制备方法和应用”(申请号CN201811304803.0)公开了一种基于邻羟基苯基苯并噻唑荧光团检测铝离子和锌离子的荧光探针,该荧光探针需要在DMF-HEPES(1:1,v/v)条件下实现待测对象的检测,而且邻羟基苯基苯并噻唑具有多个配位原子,会影响离子的选择性检测,另外该荧光探针需要加入Na2EDTA实现锌离子和铝离子的区别检测,过程较为繁琐。此外,现有的检测锌离子的荧光探针还存在制备和纯化复杂的缺点。因此,基于对羟基苯基苯并噻唑荧光团开发一种合成方法简单、尤其具有高选择性、高灵敏度和良好的水溶性,能够实现水溶液中锌离子的近红外动态荧光检测,并用于食品、环境以及细胞和活体中锌离子的选择性检测的荧光探针具有一定的挑战性和研究意义。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足,本发明的第一个目的在于:提供一种以对羟基苯基苯并噻唑为荧光团,具有高选择性、高灵敏度和良好的水溶性,能够实现水溶液中锌离子的近红外动态荧光检测的荧光探针;本发明的第二个目的在于:提供一种制备过程简单且产率高的制备上述荧光探针的方法。
为了实现上述第一个目标,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种检测锌离子的荧光探针,其特征在于,所述荧光探针以对羟基苯基苯并噻唑为荧光团,8-氨基喹啉接枝于所述荧光团的羟基的邻位,所述荧光探针的结构式具体如下所示:
式I。
为了实现上述第二个目标,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种制备式I所示的检测锌离子的荧光探针的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
Step1:将2-羟基-5-苯并噻唑基苯甲醛分散于无水乙醇中,不断搅拌并滴加溶有8-氨基喹啉的乙醇溶液;
Step2:于80℃回流,待反应完全后停止加热,冷却,析出黄色固体初产物;
Step3:将所得黄色固体初产物抽滤、乙醇反复洗涤,然后干燥,得到式I所示荧光探针。
优选的,在Step1中,所述2-羟基-5-苯并噻唑基苯甲醛与8-氨基喹啉的摩尔比为1:1~3。
优选的,在Step2中,用薄层色谱监测反应进程。
本发明的有益之处在于:
(1)本发明提供的荧光探针以对羟基苯基苯并噻唑为荧光团,荧光团接枝8-氨基喹啉后,可以与锌离子结合并形成稳定的配位结构,从而对锌离子具有特异配位能力,且具有较长发射波长,该荧光探针在590nm处有较弱的荧光发射峰,加入锌离子后,在590nm处荧光强度明显增强,而加入其他金属离子后,在590nm处荧光发射强度几乎没有变化,因此在检测锌离子的过程中避免了其他金属离子的干扰,具有非常高的选择性;
(2)本发明提供的荧光探针的检测限低至2.8×10-8 M,具有很高的灵敏度;
(3)本发明提供的荧光探针具有良好的水溶性,可以实现水溶液中锌离子的近红外动态荧光检测,无需加入一定比例的有机溶剂;
(4)本发明提供的荧光探针对生物体的光损伤小,在生物体内的兼容性强,更利于细胞和活体中锌离子的实时成像分析;
(5)本发明提供的制备荧光探针的方法,制备过程简单,通过回流、抽滤和干燥即可得到,并且可大量获取荧光探针,产率高达89%。
附图说明
图1是式I所示荧光探针的合成路线图;
图2是式I所示荧光探针(10μM)检测锌离子(10μM)的荧光发射光谱图,其中,激发波长为465nm,发射波长为590nm,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液;
图3是式I所示荧光探针选择性检测锌离子的荧光强度变化图,其中,激发波长为465nm,发射波长为590nm,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液;
图4是式I所示荧光探针检测HepG2细胞内锌离子的共聚焦显微镜照片,其中,a为HepG2细胞在37℃孵育5min的明场照片,b为HepG2细胞与式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)在37℃孵育5min的明场照片,c为HepG2细胞在37℃孵育5min的荧光场照片,d为HepG2细胞与式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)在37℃孵育5min的荧光场照片;
图5是式I所示荧光探针检测斑马鱼体内锌离子的共聚焦显微镜照片,其中,a为斑马鱼幼体与实施例1制备得到的式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)在37℃孵育5min的荧光场照片,b为斑马鱼幼体与实施例1制备得到的式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)在37℃孵育10min的荧光场照片,c为斑马鱼幼体与实施例1制备得到的式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)在37℃孵育15min的荧光场照片。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。
一、检测锌离子的荧光探针的结构
本发明提供的检测锌离子的荧光探针以对羟基苯基苯并噻唑为荧光团,将8-氨基喹啉接枝于该荧光团的羟基的邻位,所述荧光探针的结构式具体如下所示:
式I。
二、检测锌离子的荧光探针的制备方法
本发明提供的制备式I所示检测锌离子的荧光探针的方法,合成路线如图1所示。
实施例1
将2-羟基-5-苯并噻唑基苯甲醛(1mmol,255mg)分散于25mL无水乙醇中,不断搅拌并滴加溶有8-氨基喹啉(1.2mmol,172mg)的乙醇溶液,控制温度于80℃回流30min,用薄层色谱监测反应进程,待反应完全后停止加热,冷却,析出黄色固体初产物,将所得黄色固体初产物抽滤、乙醇反复洗涤,最后干燥,得到最终产物。经计算,最终产物的产率为89%。
经检测,最终产物的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱分别如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ14.66(s,1H),9.11(s,1H),9.02(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),8.21(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),8.11–8.01(m,2H),7.90(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.68–7.54(m,2H)7.49(dd,J=8.1,4.4Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=8.7Hz,1H);
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ167.31,165.30,163.77,154.16,150.60,144.13,142.16,136.01,134.75,132.54,131.54,129.22,126.68,126.54,126.29,124.85,124.53,122.76,121.85,121.54,119.48,119.14,118.75。
由上述核磁共振氢谱和碳谱可知,最终产物为式I所示荧光探针。
实施例2
将2-羟基-5-苯并噻唑基苯甲醛(1mmol,255mg)分散于25mL无水乙醇中,不断搅拌并滴加溶有8-氨基喹啉(2.8mmol,403mg)的乙醇溶液,控制温度于80℃回流30min,用薄层色谱监测反应进程,待反应完全后停止加热,冷却,析出黄色固体初产物,将所得黄色固体初产物抽滤、乙醇反复洗涤,最后干燥,得到最终产物。经计算,最终产物的产率为88%。
经检测,该最终产物的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱与实施例1中的最终产物的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱完全一致,说明该最终产物也为式I所示荧光探针。
由上述两个实施例可知,本发明提供的制备式I所示荧光探针的方法,不仅制备过程简单(通过回流、抽滤和干燥即可得到),而且可大量获取式I所示荧光探针,产率高(高达89%)。
三、检测锌离子的荧光探针的特点及性能
1、在水溶液中的荧光发射情况
用实施例1制备得到的式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)检测锌离子(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液),激发波长为465nm,发射波长为590nm,得到的荧光发射光谱图如图2所示。
由图2可知:式I所示荧光探针在590nm处有较弱的荧光发射峰,加入锌离子后,590nm处荧光强度明显增强,强度达到10倍以上。
这说明:式I所示荧光探针能够实现水溶液中锌离子的近红外检测。
此外,由于590nm波长具有较低的能量,所以能够减弱荧光探针对生物体的光损伤,在生物体内的兼容性强,更利于细胞和活体中锌离子的实时成像分析。
2、选择性
用实施例1制备得到的式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)分别检测Na+、K+、Ca2+、Al3+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Hg2+、Ag+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cr3+、Fe3+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Cd2+和Zn2+(浓度均为10μM,溶剂均为PBS缓冲溶液),激发波长为465nm,发射波长为590nm,得到的荧光发射光谱图如图3所示。
由图3可知:当加入Zn2+时,式I所示荧光探针在590nm处有很强的荧光发射强度;当加入Cd2+时,式I所示荧光探针在590nm处只表现出较弱的荧光增强;当加入其他金属离子(Na+、K+、Ca2+、Al3+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Hg2+、Ag+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cr3+、Fe3+、Fe2+和Cu2+)时,式I所示荧光探针在590nm处的荧光发射强度几乎没有变化。
这说明:式I所示荧光探针能够实现水溶液中锌离子的高选择性检测,在检测过程能够排除外界环境的干扰。
3、检测限
用实施例1制备得到的式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)分别检测不同浓度的Zn2+溶液(浓度范围为0~4μΜ,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液),获得式I所示荧光探针平行测定10次的相对标准偏差σ以及荧光强度随Zn2+浓度变化的斜率k,根据如下公式计算得到检测限:
检测限=3σ/k
经检测,式I所示荧光探针的检测限低至2.8×10-8 M。
这说明:式I所示荧光探针具有很高的灵敏度。
四、检测锌离子的荧光探针的应用场景
1、检测HepG2细胞内锌离子
用实施例1制备得到的式I所示荧光探针检测HepG2细胞内锌离子,激发波长440nm,收集波长510~610nm,得到的共聚焦显微镜照片如图4所示。其中:
第一列为对照组,分别为HepG2细胞在37℃孵育5min的明场(a)和荧光场(c);
第二列为实验组,分别为HepG2细胞与式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)在37℃孵育5min的明场(b)和荧光场(d)。
由图4可以看出:加入式I所示荧光探针后,荧光成像照片中的荧光强度显著增强。
这说明:式I所示荧光探针可以检测细胞中的内源性锌离子。
2、检测斑马鱼幼体内锌离子
用实施例1制备得到的式I所示荧光探针检测斑马鱼幼体内锌离子,激发波长440nm,收集波长510~610nm,得到的共聚焦显微镜照片如图5所示。图中a、b和c分别为斑马鱼幼体与实施例1制备得到的式I所示荧光探针(浓度为10μM,溶剂为PBS缓冲溶液)在37℃孵育5min、10min和15min的荧光场照片。
由图5可以看出:随着孵育时间的延长,斑马鱼幼体的荧光强度显著增强。
这说明:式I所示荧光探针可以检测活体中的内源性锌离子,具有非常高的灵敏度。
由此可见,本发明提供的式I所示荧光探针可以用于样品中锌离子的荧光动态检测,对食品、环境及生物样品中锌离子的检测具有重要意义。
综上,本发明提供的荧光探针能够与锌离子特异性结合,具有荧光增强的特性,可在近红外区动态检测水溶液中的锌离子,具有高选择性和高灵敏度,可用于食品、环境、细胞和活体中锌离子的选择性检测,有利于深入探究锌离子转运、积累与动态平衡新机制及其生物学效应。
需要说明的是,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明技术方案所引伸出的显而易见变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (4)
2.一种制备权利要求1所述的检测锌离子的荧光探针的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
Step1:将2-羟基-5-苯并噻唑基苯甲醛分散于无水乙醇中,不断搅拌并滴加溶有8-氨基喹啉的乙醇溶液;
Step2:于80℃回流,待反应完全后停止加热,冷却,析出黄色固体初产物;
Step3:将所得黄色固体初产物抽滤、乙醇反复洗涤,然后干燥,得到式I所示荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在Step1中,所述2-羟基-5-苯并噻唑基苯甲醛与8-氨基喹啉的摩尔比为1:1~3。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在Step2中,用薄层色谱监测反应进程。
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