CN114632103A - 一种治疗痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种治疗痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法，涉及中药技术领域。一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，按重量份数计，包括以下原料：5‑15份秦艽，1‑10份佩兰，20‑30份青风藤，10‑20份水牛角，15‑25份车前子，40‑50份豨莶草和5‑10份菊苣。制备方法为：取原料粉碎，加入乙醇浸泡1‑2h，然后超声提取20‑30min，再微波提取40‑50min，过滤得到提取液，将提取液浓缩、干燥，得到药粉。本发明的中药组合物能够清热除湿、通经活络，起到通利关节之效，且还能够抑制尿酸生成和促进尿酸排泄，起到降低机体尿酸之效，多方面协同作用，使得中药组合物治疗痛风效果更加显著，起效更快。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种治疗痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
痛风是一种由于嘌呤生物合成代谢增加，尿酸产生过多或因尿酸排泄不良而致血中尿酸升高，尿酸盐结晶沉积在关节滑膜、滑囊、软骨及其他组织中引起的反复发作性炎性疾病。本病以关节液和痛风石中可找到有双折光性的单水尿酸钠结晶为其特点。其临床特征为：高尿酸血症及尿酸盐结晶、沉积所致的特征性急性关节炎、痛风石、间质性肾炎，严重者见关节畸形及功能障碍，常伴尿酸性尿路结石。
中医学中亦有“痛风”病名，且历代医家有所论述。对于痛风的成因，又分为内因和外因两种。内因为禀赋不足，肝肾亏虚，精血不足，则筋骨经脉失养。外因方面，感受风、寒、湿邪，留着于肢体、筋骨、关节之间，痹阻经脉气血；加之膏梁厚味，嗜酒生湿，劳倦内伤，湿热聚而生痰，痰凝而血瘀，湿热痰瘀不得及时宣散，蕴郁交结于腠理皮肤之间，形成里有寒湿阻痹，外有湿热痰瘀阻滞，致使关节经脉气血不通而发为痛风，故痛风的治法不能是单一的化寒化热，而宜采用寒热并治的方式。中药作为天然产物，富含多种天然成分，在治疗疾病的过程中相比西药具有多组分和多靶点，安全无毒副作用的优势。因此中药在新药的开发过程中受到越来越多的关注。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，能够清热除湿、通经活络，起到通利关节之效，且还能够抑制尿酸生成和促进尿酸排泄，起到降低机体尿酸之效，多方面协同作用，使得中药组合物治疗痛风效果更加显著，起效更快。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法，通过超声提取和微波提取结合，让原料中的药用成分更易于析出，进一步增强对痛风的治疗效果。
本发明解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的。
本发明提出一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，按重量份数计，包括以下原料：5-15份秦艽，1-10份佩兰，20-30份青风藤，10-20份水牛角，15-25份车前子，40-50份豨莶草和5-10份菊苣。
本发明提出一种治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：取原料粉碎，加入乙醇浸泡1-2h，然后超声提取20-30min，再微波提取40-50min，过滤得到提取液，将提取液浓缩、干燥，得到药粉。
本发明实施例至少具有以下有益效果：
本发明中，秦艽、豨莶草和菊苣为君药，三者功效相辅相成，具有祛寒湿、清内热、利关节、抗炎镇痛的作用，同时能够降低尿酸代谢酶5'-核苷酸酶、腺苷脱氨酶、嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶、鸟嘌呤脱氨酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、脂肪酸合成酶的活性，从而抑制尿酸生成；还能促进尿酸排泄，几方面协同起效，进行有效治疗痛风。青风藤、水牛角和车前子为臣药，能够促进君药清热利湿、利尿、抗炎镇痛之效，加强通经活络之效。佩兰为使药，能够调和诸药，还能引导诸药直达病灶。几者合用具有抑制尿酸生成、促进尿酸排泄、抗炎镇痛的多靶点协同增效作用，且各原料配比合理，药效相互促进，使得中药组合物能够更好地治疗痛风症状。
本发明中，先将原料粉碎后用乙醇浸泡，在超声提取和微波提取时，可以加快药材药用成分析出，提高药用成分含量，使得中药组合物药效增强，更有利于治疗痛风。该制备方法中均采用常规制药设备，不涉及高温高压，操作更加简单方便，耗能少、成本低，易于推广。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考具体实施例来详细说明本发明。
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，按重量份数计，包括以下原料：5-15份秦艽，1-10份佩兰，20-30份青风藤，10-20份水牛角，15-25份车前子，40-50份豨莶草和5-10份菊苣。
秦艽，性平，味苦、辛，归胃经、肝经、胆经，具有祛风湿、退虚热、舒筋止疼的功效，属祛风湿药下分类的祛风湿清热药。其具有抗炎、镇痛、抗过敏、镇静解热、抗菌、利尿作用，抗炎的主要成分是秦艽碱甲，是通过兴奋肾上腺皮质实现的，但是不是直接兴奋肾上腺皮质，而是通过神经系统以激动垂体，促使肾上腺皮质激素分泌增加而实现抗炎作用。此外，秦艽碱甲还能明显降低因蛋清而引起的毛细血管通透性的增高。并且秦艽还能通过抑制尿酸生成和促进尿酸排泄，使得其具有非常好的降尿酸作用。
佩兰，性平，味辛，归脾经、胃经、肺经，具有芳香化湿、醒脾开胃、发表解暑的功效，属化湿药。
青风藤，性平，味苦、辛，归肝经、脾经，具有祛风湿、通经络、利小便的功效，镇痛、镇静、镇咳，抗炎，降压，免疫抑制，抗心律失常，抗心肌缺血、保护再灌注损伤，阻断神经节及神经肌肉传递，释放组胺，降低心肌的收缩性，抑制肾上腺素诱发的自律性；对胃肠道有兴奋作用。其含有的青藤碱具有抗炎作用，是通过下丘脑影响垂体-肾上腺系统，还可抑制抗原释放组织胺。
水牛角，性寒，味苦，归心经、肝经，具有清热解毒、凉血定惊之效，具有镇静、抗惊厥的作用；增强心功能，减慢心肌收缩力，调节血压；具有抗炎、抗感染的作用；保护肝功能；对血液系统，使白细胞总数降低、中性粒细胞减少、淋巴细胞增加、骨髓细胞减少、血小板增加，降低血脂；增强网状内皮细胞的吞噬功能。
车前子，性微寒，味甘，归肾经、肝经、肺经、小肠经，具有清热利尿、渗湿通淋、明目、祛痰之效，能够使滑膜等组织发生关节炎，促进关节囊组织增生，使松弛了的关节囊恢复原有的紧张度。车前子能够帮助排出尿酸、尿素等代谢产物。
豨莶草，性寒，味辛、苦，归肝经、肾经，具有祛风湿，利关节，解毒的功效。豨莶草具有免疫抑制、抗炎、扩张血管、降压、改善肠系膜微循环、抑制血栓形成等作用，能够祛风除湿、通经活络，且其走窜开泄，性猛烈，可以调血脉、利关节。此外，豨莶草还能够促进尿酸排泄，具有降尿酸作用。
菊苣，味苦，性寒；清热解毒；利尿消肿。菊苣降尿酸活性成分为绿原酸、秦皮甲素、菊苣酸，其发挥的降尿酸机制可能与抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶、腺苷脱氨酶活性有关。菊苣能有效降低高尿酸血症模型鹌鹑尿酸水平，可能与其降低尿酸代谢酶5'-核苷酸酶、腺苷脱氨酶、嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶、鸟嘌呤脱氨酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性有关。菊苣提取物可明显改善由高嘌呤饮食引发的高尿酸血症及腹型肥胖，其作用机制可能是通过降低肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、脂肪酸合成酶及黄嘌呤氧化酶活性，从而发挥综合调节尿酸及腹部脂肪堆积的作用。
秦艽、豨莶草和菊苣为君药，三者功效相辅相成，具有祛寒湿、清内热、利关节、抗炎镇痛的作用，同时能够降低尿酸代谢酶5'-核苷酸酶、腺苷脱氨酶、嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶、鸟嘌呤脱氨酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、脂肪酸合成酶的活性，从而抑制尿酸生成；还能促进尿酸排泄，几方面协同起效，进行有效治疗痛风。青风藤、水牛角和车前子为臣药，能够促进君药清热利湿、利尿、抗炎镇痛之效，加强通经活络之效。佩兰为使药，能够调和诸药，还能引导诸药直达病灶。几者合用具有抑制尿酸生成、促进尿酸排泄、抗炎镇痛的多靶点协同增效作用，且各原料配比合理，药效相互促进，使得中药组合物能够更好地治疗痛风症状。
本实施例中，中药组合物还包括按重量份数计的5-20份土茯苓和2-9份菝葜。
土茯苓，性平，味甘、淡，归胃经、肝经，具有解毒、除湿、通利关节之效。土茯苓水提物在抗原致敏及攻击后给药均明显地抑制了三硝基氯苯所致的小鼠接触性皮炎，以攻击后给药作用较强，具抗菌作用。此外，对移植性肿瘤艾氏腹水癌和对黄曲霉素B，(AFB)致大鼠肝癌病变均有一定抑制作用。土茯苓能够加速排尿促进尿酸排泄，与祛风湿、通经络的中草药配合使用，具有清热解毒、祛风除湿、通利关节的效果。
菝葜，味酸，性涩；归肝、肾经。祛风利湿，解毒消痈。研究表明，菝葜的有效成分白藜芦醇具有降尿酸作用，白藜芦醇可竞争性抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶。
土茯苓、菝葜和原料搭配时，土茯苓能够促进秦艽、青风藤和豨莶草的祛风除湿、通经活络、解毒之效，同时还可以起到调和作用，使得药性更加温和，此外，土茯苓和菝葜还能够促进尿酸排泄，使得机体尿酸含量降低，从而进一步增强中药组合物治疗痛风的作用。
本实施例中，中药组合物还包括按重量份数计的1-10份玉米须和2-7份延胡索。
玉米须，性平，味甘，归肾经、胃经、肝经、胆经，具有利尿、消肿、降压之效，还具有镇痛作用，能够有效缓解痛风疼痛。玉米须中含有皂苷、挥发油、树胶样物质、苹果酸、柠檬酸等。玉米须有较强的利尿作用，能抑制蛋白质的排泄，还有降压作用；能增加血中凝血酶原含量及血小板数，加速血液凝固的作用；能利水消肿、利湿退黄。
延胡索，性温，味辛、苦，归肝经、脾经，具有活血散瘀、理气止痛之效。其与秦艽搭配，具有利湿镇痛之效。
玉米须、延胡索和原料搭配，能够增强抗炎镇痛之效，降低炎症，使得药用成分更好作用于病灶，增强药效。同时还能改善湿热痰瘀阻滞，起到通利关节的作用，让关节气血通畅，显著降低痛风发作次数，进而治疗痛风。
本实施例中，中药组合物还包括按重量份数计的3-10份雷公藤。
雷公藤，性凉，味苦、辛，有大毒，归心经、肝经，具有祛风除湿、活血通络、消肿止痛、杀虫、消炎、解毒之效。雷公藤有抗炎、镇痛、抗肿瘤、抗生育的功效与作用；有降低血液黏滞性、抗凝、纠正纤溶障碍，改善微循环及降低外周血阻力的作用；抑制免疫系统，可减少器官移植后的急性排异反应。
雷公藤、秦艽和豨莶草的功效相互协同，使得祛风除湿、通经活络、抗炎镇痛效果更好，能够改善体内寒湿阻痹之证，再与其他药材搭配，达到寒热并治的目的，从而显著治疗改善痛风。
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：取原料粉碎，加入乙醇浸泡1-2h，然后超声提取20-30min，再微波提取40-50min，过滤得到提取液，将提取液浓缩、干燥，得到药粉。
先将原料粉碎后用乙醇浸泡，在超声提取和微波提取时，可以加快药材药用成分析出，提高药用成分含量，使得中药组合物药效增强，更有利于治疗痛风。并且在上述条件下，乙醇对药用成分的渗透作用更好，药用成分提取量最多，提取效果更好。然后经过浓缩、干燥得到药粉，这样便于将药粉制作成不同的制剂，制剂类型根据患者情况选择，从而提高中药组合物的实用性。
浸泡时，在40-50℃采用80-90wt％的乙醇浸泡。这样可以使得乙醇分子更好渗透进药材内部，使得药材中的药用成分更好析出。
微波提取时，先在50-60℃提取20-30min，再在70-80℃提取10-20min。通过两种提取方式结合，可以进一步提高药材中药用成分析出，使得药用成分含量增加，在治疗痛风时药效更强，加快痛风恢复。且在上述条件下，药用成分的提取效果最佳。先用超声提取可以通过超声波的剪切和空化作用，让药材的部分药用成分析出，然后再用微波提取，可以通过升温让药材中乙醇运动速度加快，从而更易于药材中的其他药用成分提取，进而确保药材中的药用成分尽可能多的被提取出来。微波提取时，通过不同温度变化，可以使得乙醇分子运动速度发生改变，伴随着温度升高，可以进一步加快药材中药用成分析出，且通过多重温度变化，可以让药材中不同药用成分析出更加彻底，从而提高药用成分含量，增强药效。
浓缩后，料液比为1：(0.8-1.2)，干燥时，以3-3.5mL/min的加料速率进行喷雾干燥。这样在干燥时可以加快干燥速度，且干燥后药粉含水率较低，避免药粉不易存放。
还包括向药粉中加入填充剂、崩解剂和黏合剂，压片、干燥，制成片剂。填充剂为微晶纤维素，崩解剂为羧甲基淀粉钠，黏合剂为聚维酮和桃胶。制作成片剂更方便携带和服用，对于急性痛风患者来说起效更快。
以下结合实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，包括以下原料：5g秦艽，1g佩兰，20g青风藤，10g水牛角，15g车前子，40g豨莶草和5g菊苣。
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：取原料粉碎，加入乙醇浸泡1h，然后超声提取20min，再微波提取40min，过滤得到提取液，将提取液浓缩、干燥，得到药粉。
实施例2
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，包括以下原料：15g秦艽，10g佩兰，30g青风藤，20g水牛角，25g车前子，50g豨莶草和10g菊苣。
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：取原料粉碎，加入乙醇浸泡2h，然后超声提取30min，再微波提取50min，过滤得到提取液，将提取液浓缩、干燥，得到药粉。
实施例3
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，包括以下原料：10g秦艽，5g佩兰，25g青风藤，15g水牛角，20g车前子，45g豨莶草和8g菊苣。
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：取原料粉碎，加入乙醇浸泡1.5h，然后超声提取25min，再微波提取45min，过滤得到提取液，将提取液浓缩、干燥，得到药粉。
实施例4
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，包括以下原料：10g秦艽，5g佩兰，25g青风藤，15g水牛角，20g车前子，45g豨莶草，8g菊苣，10g土茯苓和5g菝葜。本实施例制备方法与实施例3相同。
实施例5
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，包括以下原料：10g秦艽，5g佩兰，25g青风藤，15g水牛角，20g车前子，45g豨莶草，8g菊苣，10g土茯苓，5g菝葜，8g玉米须和3g延胡索。本实施例制备方法与实施例3相同。
实施例6
一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，包括以下原料：10g秦艽，5g佩兰，25g青风藤，15g水牛角，20g车前子，45g豨莶草，8g菊苣，10g土茯苓，5g菝葜，8g玉米须，3g延胡索和5g雷公藤。本实施例制备方法与实施例3相同。
实施例7
本实施例的原料与实施例6相同，其制备方法包括以下步骤：
取原料粉碎，在45℃采用85wt％的乙醇浸泡，浸泡时间为2h，然后超声提取20min，再微波提取，先在55℃微波提取20min，再在80℃微波提取10min，过滤得到提取液，将提取液浓缩，浓缩后料液比为1：1，再以3.2mL/min的加料速率进行喷雾干燥，得到药粉；向药粉中加入填充剂、崩解剂和黏合剂，压片、干燥，制成片剂。填充剂为微晶纤维素，崩解剂为羧甲基淀粉钠，黏合剂为聚维酮和桃胶。
试验结果
收集临床痛风性关节炎男性试验者70例，年龄在40-50岁，平均年龄为48.6岁，病程最短为6个月，最长为3年，随机分为7组，每组10人，均表现为高尿酸血症。
治疗方法：将7组分别服用本发明实施例1-7的中药组合物，每天1次，每次10±2.5g，半个月为一个疗程，治疗3个疗程后复诊。
疗效评判标准：
痊愈：病症消失，血尿酸降至正常范围；显效：病症缓解，血尿酸降低10％；有效：病症有所减轻，血尿酸值有所降低；无效：病症无变化，血尿酸值无变化。
表1试验结果
| 实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 痊愈/(人) | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 显效/(人) | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 有效/(人) | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| 无效/(人) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
其中，痊愈率为48.6％，无效率为5.7％，总有效率为94.3％。根据表1可知，实施例1-7制得的中药组合物均可以有效治疗痛风，且实施例7的药效最好。因此可知，增加原料，更加细致的制备步骤可以增强药物药效。
此外，选择病程10年以上的试验者，其余条件与上述试验相同，试验步骤一致，结果为：痊愈率44.3％，无效率为15.4％，总有效率为84.6％。与上述试验比较可知，本发明的药物对于病程短的患者治愈率更高。
随机选取上述每个组内的2例痊愈试验者，对其治疗前后的尿酸水平进行检测，数据为平均值，结果如下：
表2尿酸检测结果
根据表2可知，治疗后，每组试验者的平均尿酸水平均达到正常值，由此可知，本发明的中药组合物能够显著降低机体尿酸。且相比较而言，实施例7的降尿酸效果最好。
综上所述，本发明实施例的治疗痛风的中药组合物，秦艽、豨莶草和菊苣为君药，三者功效相辅相成，具有祛寒湿、清内热、利关节、抗炎镇痛的作用，同时能够降低尿酸代谢酶5'-核苷酸酶、腺苷脱氨酶、嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶、鸟嘌呤脱氨酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、脂肪酸合成酶的活性，从而抑制尿酸生成；还能促进尿酸排泄，几方面协同起效，进行有效治疗痛风。青风藤、水牛角和车前子为臣药，能够促进君药清热利湿、利尿、抗炎镇痛之效，加强通经活络之效。佩兰为使药，能够调和诸药，还能引导诸药直达病灶。几者合用具有抑制尿酸生成、促进尿酸排泄、抗炎镇痛的多靶点协同增效作用，且各原料配比合理，药效相互促进，使得中药组合物能够更好地治疗痛风症状。
本发明实施例的治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法，先将原料粉碎后用乙醇浸泡，在超声提取和微波提取时，可以加快药材药用成分析出，提高药用成分含量，使得中药组合物药效增强，更有利于治疗痛风。该制备方法中均采用常规制药设备，不涉及高温高压，操作更加简单方便，耗能少、成本低，易于推广。
以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗痛风的中药组合物，其特征在于，按重量份数计，包括以下原料：5-15份秦艽，1-10份佩兰，20-30份青风藤，10-20份水牛角，15-25份车前子，40-50份豨莶草和5-10份菊苣。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗痛风的中药组合物，其特征在于，还包括按重量份数计的5-20份土茯苓和2-9份菝葜。
3.根据权利要求2所述的治疗痛风的中药组合物，其特征在于，还包括按重量份数计的1-10份玉米须和2-7份延胡索。
4.根据权利要求3所述的治疗痛风的中药组合物，其特征在于，还包括按重量份数计的3-10份雷公藤。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的治疗痛风的中药组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：取原料粉碎，加入乙醇浸泡1-2h，然后超声提取20-30min，再微波提取40-50min，过滤得到提取液，将所述提取液浓缩、干燥，得到药粉。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，浸泡时，在40-50℃采用80-90wt％的乙醇浸泡。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，微波提取时，先在50-60℃提取20-30min，再在70-80℃提取10-20min。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，浓缩后，料液比为1：(0.8-1.2)，干燥时，以3-3.5mL/min的加料速率进行喷雾干燥。
9.根据权利要求5-8任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括向所述药粉中加入填充剂、崩解剂和黏合剂，压片、干燥，制成片剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述填充剂为微晶纤维素，所述崩解剂为羧甲基淀粉钠，所述黏合剂为聚维酮和桃胶。
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