CN114622970B - 一种pna耦合ehc的后处理系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种pna耦合ehc的后处理系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN114622970B
CN114622970B CN202210191735.1A CN202210191735A CN114622970B CN 114622970 B CN114622970 B CN 114622970B CN 202210191735 A CN202210191735 A CN 202210191735A CN 114622970 B CN114622970 B CN 114622970B
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ehc
pna
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CN114622970A (zh
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楼狄明
康路路
张允华
石秀勇
刘凯
饶志华
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Nanchang Intelligent New Energy Vehicle Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统，包括PNA进气口（1）、PNA进气管（2）、PNA（3）、ECU（8），位于所述PNA（3）下游的EHC进气管（4）和EHC（5），所述EHC进气管（4）上设有温度传感器（9），ECU（8）采用数字信号传输线分别与PNA（3）、EHC（5）连接。本发明还公开了使用一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统的一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统控制方法，使得PNA（3）在低温工况下吸附NOx，EHC（5）通过电加热进行温度补偿快速达到SCR起燃温度，高效解决低温冷启动工况柴油机的NOx排放控制难题。

Description

一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆后处理领域，尤其是涉及一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
随着GB 18352.6《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第六阶段）》在全国范围内的实施，尾气后处理系统已成为轻型柴油机标准配置。国六排放标准阶段，NOx排放限值已降低至35mg/km，较国五阶段降低77％，对SCR系统转化性能提出了更高要求。另一方面，国六阶段，轻型车采用WLTC循环及RDE测试，更加重视对低温工况的排放考核。而发动机低温冷启动工况排气温度低，尿素难分解且易结晶，SCR催化剂转化效率低，引起NOx排放增多，超过排放限值。因此，为满足日益严苛的排放法规，亟需一种面向低温冷启动工况的柴油机NOx排放控制技术。
被动氮氧化物吸附（passive NOx absorber, PNA）技术能够在相对低的排气温度下吸附NOx，而在高的排气温度（超过SCR起燃温度）下，释放被吸附的NOx，PNA还可以将NO氧化成NO2，用于提高SCR对NOx的转化效率。电加热催化器（electrical heated catalyst,EHC）可以通过电加热进行温度补偿，快速提升催化器入口温度，促进催化器快速起燃，提升冷启动工况下的污染物转化效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统及其控制方法，实现了低温工况下NOx的高效吸附，EHC通过电加热快速达到SCR起燃温度，有效解决低温冷启动工况柴油机的NOx排放控制难题。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统，包括PNA进气口（1）、PNA进气管（2）、PNA（3）、ECU（8），位于所述PNA（3）下游的EHC进气管（4）和EHC（5），所述EHC进气管（4）上设有温度传感器（9），ECU（8）采用数字信号传输线分别与PNA（3）、EHC（5）连接，ECU（8）用于PNA（3）耦合EHC（5）的后处理系统的控制策略的判断与执行。
进一步地，PNA（3）包括PNA壳体（301）、PNA衬垫（302）和PNA载体（303），PNA壳体（301）采用304不锈钢材质，用于装在PNA载体（303）及相关配件，PNA衬垫（302）采用陶瓷/多晶纤维材料，用于PNA壳体（301）和PNA载体（303）之间的固定，同时兼具排气管路的保温隔热，PNA载体（303）采用堇青石材质，具有耐高温、寿命长等特征。
更进一步地，PNA载体（303），材质采用堇青石，该载体上按40g/ft3的负载量进行Pd-BEA分子筛催化剂的涂敷，BEA分子筛可以增加NOx吸附的活性位点数量，贵金属Pd可以增加催化剂的活性，可提高NOx的吸附效率。
进一步地，EHC（5）包括电加热盘（501）、EHC壳体（502）、EHC衬垫（503）、EHC载体（504）和电加热接头（505），电加热盘（501）将电流转换成热量，EHC壳体（502）采用304不锈钢材质，用于装在EHC载体（504）及相关配件，EHC衬垫（503）采用陶瓷/多晶纤维材料，用于EHC壳体（502）和EHC载体（504）之间的固定，同时兼具排气管路的保温隔热，EHC载体（504）采用304不锈钢材质，具有导热效率高的特征，电加热接头（505）用于将稳压电源的电流导入电加热盘（501）。
进一步地，电加热盘（501）上的加热丝采用多层螺旋状结构，可以提升加热效率。
更进一步地，EHC载体（504），该载体上按25g/ft3的负载量进行催化剂的涂敷，涂层采用γ-Al2O3，贵金属采用Pt和Pd，且比例为5：1。
进一步地，温度传感器（9），采集PNA（3）排气口处的温度，用于EHC（5）启停策略判断。
PNA（3）和EHC（5）的耦合方式是：根据PNA（3）的特性，在相对低的排气温度下吸附NOx，而在超过SCR起燃温度的高排气温度下，释放被吸附的NOx，将EHC（5）设置在PNA（3）的下游，避免干扰PNA（3）低温下的NOx吸附，同时EHC（5）将PNA（3）下游的排气温度提高到SCR（7）起燃温度，使后处理系统尽快进入SCR（7）的高效工作区间。EHC（5）根据温度传感器（9）采集的温度，当温度达到设定的阈值如350℃时，EHC（5）关闭加热功能，低于该阈值时开启。
进一步地，ECU（8）用于控制后处理系统和EHC（5），对策略的判断、执行起主导作用，并将相关信息和故障发送至CAN总线。
一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统控制方法，采用一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：系统接收到温度传感器（9）温度T信号；
步骤2：PNA（3）开始工作；
步骤3：若温度传感器（9）温度T≤150℃，开启EHC（5）强加热模式，然后进入步骤7；否则，进入步骤4；
步骤4：若温度传感器（9）温度150℃<T≤250℃，开启EHC（5）中等加热模式，然后进入步骤7；否则，进入步骤5；
步骤5：若温度传感器（9）温度250℃<T≤350℃，开启EHC（5）一般加热模式，然后进入步骤7；否则，进入步骤6；
步骤6：EHC（5）关闭，然后进入步骤7；
步骤7：判断发动机是否停止运行，若停止，则进入步骤8；否则，进入步骤1；
步骤8：结束。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
（1）使得PNA在相对低的排气温度下吸附NOx，而在超过SCR起燃温度的高排气温度下，释放被吸附的NOx，PNA还可以将NO氧化成NO2，可以高效的降低低温冷启动工况下NOx排放问题，NOx 转化效率>85%。
（2）通过PNA和EHC的耦合，除了达到低温工况下吸附NOx的目的，还可以通过电加热进行温度补偿快速达到SCR起燃温度，使SCR在4s时间内进入高效工作区间。
附图说明
图1为一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统剖面示意图；
图2为一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统轴测示意图；
图3为SCR的NOx转化效率图；
图4为PNA的NOx吸附效率图；
图5为EHC的排气升温效率图；
图6为PNA和SCR的NOx转化综合效率图；
图7为PNA耦合EHC协同SCR的NOx转化综合效率图；
图8为一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统控制方法的流程图。
附图标记：1、PNA进气口，2、PNA进气管，3、PNA，301、PNA壳体，302、PNA衬垫，303、PNA载体，4、EHC进气管，5、EHC，501、电加热盘，502、EHC壳体，503、EHC衬垫，504、EHC载体，505、电加热接头，6、EHC排气口，7、SCR，8、ECU，9、温度传感器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统，本实施例中，如图1和2所示，包括PNA进气口1、PNA进气管2、PNA3、ECU8，位于所述PNA3下游的EHC进气管4和EHC5，所述EHC进气管4上设有温度传感器9，ECU8采用数字信号传输线分别与PNA3、EHC5连接，ECU8用于PNA3耦合EHC5的后处理系统的控制策略的判断与执行。
如图3所示，SCR7的高效工作区间需要温度达到200℃以上，NOx有着较高的转化效率，当温度低于200℃时，尤其是低温冷启动工况，NOx的转化效率极低。
如图4所示，PNA3在60℃~150℃区间时，有较高的NOx吸附效率，可有效解决低温工况NOx排放高的问题。
如图5所示，当EHC开启强加热模式，可实现4s时间内将温度提升到350℃以上。
当EHC5不工作时：
如图6所示，在PNA3和SCR7共同的作用下，解决了低温工况下的大部分NOx排放问题，形成了PNA3和SCR7联合NOx减排区域。
一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统控制方法，采用一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统，表明当PNA3和EHC5协同工作时，除了实现了图7的减排效果，同时协同了EHC5的作用机制，如图8所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：系统接收到温度传感器9温度T信号；
步骤2：PNA3开始工作；
步骤3：若温度传感器9温度T≤150℃，开启EHC5强加热模式，然后进入步骤7；否则，进入步骤4；
步骤4：若温度传感器9温度150℃<T≤250℃，开启EHC5中等加热模式，然后进入步骤7；否则，进入步骤5；
步骤5：若温度传感器9温度250℃<T≤350℃，开启EHC5一般加热模式，然后进入步骤7；否则，进入步骤6；
步骤6：EHC关闭，然后进入步骤7；
步骤7：判断发动机是否停止运行，若停止，则进入步骤8；否则，进入步骤1；
步骤8：结束。
如图7所示，在未达到SCR高效温度区间的较高排气温度情况下，EHC5可快速将排气温度提升到SCR高效温度区间，在PNA3、EHC5和SCR7的综合作用下，在冷启动阶段 NOx 转化效率>85%。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统控制方法，采用的一种PNA耦合EHC的后处理系统，所述后处理系统包括PNA进气口（1）、PNA进气管（2）、PNA（3）、ECU（8），位于所述PNA（3）下游的EHC进气管（4）和EHC（5），所述EHC进气管（4）上设有温度传感器（9），ECU（8）采用数字信号传输线分别与PNA（3）、EHC（5）连接；其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：系统接收到温度传感器（9）温度T信号；
步骤2：PNA（3）开始工作；
步骤3：若温度传感器（9）温度T≤150℃，开启EHC（5）强加热模式，然后进入步骤7；否则，进入步骤4；
步骤4：若温度传感器（9）温度150℃<T≤250℃，开启EHC（5）中等加热模式，然后进入步骤7；否则，进入步骤5；
步骤5：若温度传感器（9）温度250℃<T≤350℃，开启EHC（5）一般加热模式，然后进入步骤7；否则，进入步骤6；
步骤6：EHC（5）关闭，然后进入步骤7；
步骤7：判断发动机是否停止运行，若停止，则进入步骤8；否则，进入步骤1；
步骤8：结束。
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