CN114621785B - 一种稀释剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种稀释剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114621785B CN114621785B CN202011451671.1A CN202011451671A CN114621785B CN 114621785 B CN114621785 B CN 114621785B CN 202011451671 A CN202011451671 A CN 202011451671A CN 114621785 B CN114621785 B CN 114621785B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- diluent
- sapo
- temperature
- extraction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 C12 alkane Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003916 ethylene diamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005216 hydrothermal crystallization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 69
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 43
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
- C10G45/60—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/64—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/04—Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
- B01D11/0492—Applications, solvents used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/82—Phosphates
- B01J29/84—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
- B01J29/85—Silicoaluminophosphates [SAPO compounds]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/088—Decomposition of a metal salt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/301—Boiling range
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/18—Solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种稀释剂的制备方法。主要步骤为:以费托馏分油和氢气为原料,以单原子Pt@SAPO‑11为催化剂,反应压力为2.0MPa‑5.0MPa,反应温度为250℃‑400℃,空速为0.5h‑1‑3h‑1,氢油比为400:1‑1000:1条件下,反应获得异构烷烃。然后,将生成的异构烷烃精馏分离出中间馏分,即得到目标稀释剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种稀释剂的制备方法,更具体地涉及Purex流程中所需的稀释剂的制备方法。
背景技术
乏燃料后处理技术是核燃料循环后段中最关键的一个环节,是保障核能可持续发展的关键技术之一。乏燃料后处理是将已经使用3%~4%的铀废料,以化学方法将铀和钚从裂变产物中分离出来。回收的铀和钚在核电厂混合氧化物燃料中再循环使用,以生产更多能量,从而使铀资源得到更充分利用并减少浓缩铀需求。
Purex(普雷克斯)流程是目前国际上乏燃料后处理中最为成功、应用最为广泛的工艺流程,该流程将磷酸三丁酯(TBP)与乏燃料硝酸水溶液接触,TBP选择性地萃取铀和钚,而对裂变产物及其杂质的萃取率极低。然后,通过多级逆流萃取,使铀和钚与裂变产物分离。TBP具有化学稳定性好、闪点高、挥发性低、与水混溶性差、容易再生等优势,是目前最适宜的萃取剂。然而,TBP的密度和粘度较高,不易与水相中的铀、钚接触,为了获得最优的萃取效果,需要对其加以稀释。目前,常用的稀释剂是正十二烷和高级煤油。然而,现有的TBP+正十二烷/高级煤油的萃取性能仍有提高空间。因此,为了提高乏燃料中铀和钚的萃取效率,仍需开发更高性能的稀释剂。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种性能优于正十二烷和高级煤油的新型稀释剂的制备方法。
基于上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
A)
以费托馏分油为原料,以Pt/ZSM-22@β为催化剂,在反应压力为1.0MPa-7.0MPa,优选2.0-5.0MPa,反应温度为100℃-500℃,优选250℃-400℃,空速为0.5h-1-7h-1,优选0.5h-1-3h-1,氢油比为200:1-1000:1优选400:1-1000:1,条件下,反应获得异构烷烃;
B)将获得异构烷烃精馏分离出中间馏分,即得到目标稀释剂。
所述稀释剂与磷酸三丁酯混合后用作乏燃料萃取剂,与乏燃料的摩尔浓度3.0mol/L-4.0mol/L硝酸水溶液接触时,能选择性地萃取分离出铀和钚;所述费托馏分油按质量百分含量计,其组成为,C11-C12烷烃的质量含量>75%,C5-C9馏分低于5%,C14-C17馏分低于5%,其余为C10和C13;单原子Pt@SAPO-11催化剂的合成方法过程为:乙二胺模板剂与铝源、硅源、磷源、蒸馏水、Pt(NH3)4Cl2制成均匀反应混合物,混合物的原料摩尔比表示为aR:Al2O3:bP2O5:cSiO2:dH2O:ePt(NH3)4Cl2,混合物中a是0.5-2.5,b是0.5-3.0,c是0.10~1.30,d是80-150,e是2.25×10-3-9×10-3,R为乙二胺模板剂;然后升温,将混合物水热晶化,晶化条件是150-280℃晶化36-72h;将反应釜冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤后得到的白色固体于100-150℃干燥8-24小时,然后在氢气气氛下升温至550-700℃焙烧4-8h,获得Pt@SAPO-11,Pt以单原子形式分散于SAPO-11上;
所述步骤B)中精馏处理时,精馏塔理论塔板数为100-200(优选150-200),精馏塔内釜温为:80℃~140℃(优选90℃~120℃),釜压为:0.1kPa-1kPa(优选0.2kPa-0.6kPa),收集塔顶蒸汽温度为50℃-75℃(优选55℃-70℃)的馏分,回流比为:10-20(优选10-15)。单原子Pt@SAPO-11催化剂的合成方法过程为:乙二胺模板剂与铝源、硅源、磷源、蒸馏水、Pt(NH3)4Cl2制成均匀反应混合物,混合物的原料摩尔比表示为aR:Al2O3:bP2O5:cSiO2:dH2O:ePt(NH3)4Cl2,混合物中a是0.5-2.5,b是0.60~1.50,c是0.1-0.5,d是80-150,e是3×10-3-5×10-3。所述含有碳数C11-C12烷烃中所述C12烷烃其质量含量>40%含有碳数C10-C12的烷烃原料质量。
上述方法制备的新型稀释剂用于乏燃料萃取剂,与乏燃料的摩尔浓度3.0mol/L-4.0mol/L硝酸水溶液接触时,能选择性地萃取分离出铀和钚,乏燃料中金属离子铀和钚的浓度为0.4mol/L-0.7mol/L。
本发明针对现有稀释剂存在的萃取性能较低的问题,提供了一种高性能的稀释剂制备方法。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明,列举以下实施例,但它并不限制各附加权利要求所定义的发明范围。
实施例1
催化剂的制备:
单原子Pt@SAPO-11催化剂的制备:称取7.2g拟薄水铝石溶解在116g去离子水中,加入12.4g磷酸,室温下混合搅拌2h,得到白色胶溶液。向上述胶溶液中加入3.4g正硅酸乙酯,继续搅拌2h,再加入3.2g乙二胺模板剂和0.09gPt(NH3)4Cl2,继续搅拌2h,将所得的混合溶液转移至不锈钢釜中,200℃晶化48h,将反应釜冷却至室温,经过滤、洗涤后得到的固体120℃干燥过夜,然后于氢气气氛下升温至600℃焙烧6h后得到单原子Pt@SAPO-11催化剂。通过电镜可以看出,Pt以单原子形式分散于SAPO-11上。
原料异构化反应:
反应前,单原子Pt@SAPO-11催化剂在20ml/min H2气氛下,400℃还原0.5h,以费托馏分油为原料,在反应温度:350℃、反应压力:3MPa、空速:1h-1、氢油比:600:1的反应条件下进行加氢异构反应,得到的异构烷烃。
异构化产物精馏:
在精馏塔理论塔板数为200,精馏塔内釜温为:100℃~125℃,釜压为:0.5kPa,收集塔顶蒸汽温度为55℃-68℃的馏分,回流比为:10的精馏条件下对异构化产物烷烃进行精馏,切割出的产品即为目标稀释剂(按质量百分含量计,C10-C12异构烷烃的含量为95.6%,其中C12的含量为稀释剂质量的54%,C8以下馏分为0.4%,C14以上馏分为0.7%,其余为C9和C13馏分)。
稀释剂的萃取实验测试:
1、分相时间:按体积比配制成30%TBP(磷酸三丁酯)-稀释剂溶液,分别与1mol/L的HNO3或1mol/L的NaOH溶液等体积振荡,充分混合后,静置记录分相时间,两个体系的分相时间相同,均为1min。
将体积比配制成30%TBP-正十二烷溶液分别与1mol/L的HNO3溶液等体积振荡,充分混合后,静置记录分相时间,两个体系的分相时间相同,均为1.5min;目标稀释剂的分相时间为1min优于正十二烷的1.5min。
2、萃取性能测试:按体积比配制成30%TBP-稀释剂溶液,并与3.5mol/LHNO3溶解的摩尔浓度0.55mol/L Pu(IV)金属离子溶液按体积比1:1充分混合,测定30%TBP-稀释剂溶液中金属的饱和萃取容量。经试验30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为80g/L,30%TBP-正十二烷萃取饱和容量为58g/L。
对比例1
催化剂制备:
Pt@SAPO-11催化剂的制备:称取7.2g拟薄水铝石溶解在116g去离子水中,加入12.4g磷酸,室温下混合搅拌2h,得到白色胶溶液。向上述胶溶液中加入3.4g正硅酸乙酯,继续搅拌2h,再加入3.2g乙二胺模板剂和0.09gPt(NH3)4Cl2,继续搅拌2h,将所得的混合溶液转移至不锈钢釜中,200℃晶化48h,将反应釜冷却至室温,经过滤、洗涤后得到的固体120℃干燥过夜,然后于空气气氛下升温至600℃焙烧6h后得到Pt@SAPO-11催化剂。
原料异构化反应:
反应前,Pt@SAPO-11催化剂在20ml/min H2气氛下,600℃还原2h,以费托馏分油为原料,在反应温度:350℃、反应压力:3MPa、空速:1h-1、氢油比:600:1的反应条件下进行加氢异构反应,得到的异构烷烃。
异构化产物精馏和稀释剂的萃取实验测试同实施例1,所得的异构烷烃分相时间为1min,经试验30%TBP-异构烷烃萃取饱和容量为65g/L.
对比例2
催化剂制备:
Pt@SAPO-11催化剂的制备:称取7.2g拟薄水铝石溶解在116g去离子水中,加入12.4g磷酸,室温下混合搅拌2h,得到白色胶溶液。向上述胶溶液中加入3.4g正硅酸乙酯,继续搅拌2h,再加入3.2g乙二胺模板剂,继续搅拌2h,将所得的混合溶液转移至不锈钢釜中,200℃晶化48h,将反应釜冷却至室温,经过滤、洗涤后得到的固体120℃干燥过夜,然后于空气气氛下升温至600℃焙烧6h后得到SAPO-11分子筛,然后采用等体积浸渍法将Pt负载到SAPO-11分子筛上,Pt的负载量与实施例1中相同。
原料异构化反应:
反应前,Pt@SAPO-11催化剂在20ml/min H2气氛下,600℃还原2h,以费托馏分油为原料,在反应温度:350℃、反应压力:3MPa、空速:1h-1、氢油比:600:1的反应条件下进行加氢异构反应,得到的异构烷烃。
异构化产物精馏和稀释剂的萃取实验测试同实施例1,所得的异构烷烃分相时间为1min,经试验30%TBP-异构烷烃萃取饱和容量为62g/L.
实施例2
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中反应温度改为280℃外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为72g/L。
实施例3
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中反应温度改为300℃外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为72g/L。
实施例4
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中反应温度改为325℃外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为75g/L。
实施例5
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中反应温度改为375℃外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为80g/L。
实施例6
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中反应温度改为400℃外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为77g/L。
实施例7
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中反应压力改为1MPa外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为74g/L。
实施例8
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中反应压力改为2MPa外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为80g/L。
实施例9
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中反应压力改为4MPa外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为81g/L。
实施例10
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中空速改为0.5h-1外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为86g/L。
实施例11
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中空速改为1.5h-1外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为79g/L。
实施例12
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中空速改为2h-1外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为76g/L。
实施例13
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中空速改为2.5h-1外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为73g/L。
实施例14
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中空速改为3h-1外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为71g/L。
实施例15
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中氢油比改为400:1外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为76g/L。
实施例16
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中氢油比改为500:1外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为79g/L。
实施例17
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中氢油比改为700:1外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为81g/L。
实施例18
除了在原料加氢反应步骤中氢油比改为800:1外,以与实施例1中所述相同方法得到的目标稀释剂,并按实施例1条件进行萃取实验测试(采用1mol/L的HNO3测定分相时间),在萃取试验过程中,在萃取试验过程中,分相时间为1min优于十二烷,30%TBP-目标稀释剂萃取饱和容量为80g/L。
Claims (6)
1.一种稀释剂在乏燃料萃取剂的应用,主要步骤如下:
A)以费托馏分油为原料,以单原子Pt@SAPO-11为催化剂,在反应压力为1.0 MPa -7.0MPa,反应温度为100 ℃-500 ℃,空速为0.5h-1-7 h-1,氢油体积比为200:1-1000:1,条件下,反应获得异构烷烃;
B)将获得异构烷烃精馏分离出中间馏分,即得到目标稀释剂;
所述稀释剂与磷酸三丁酯混合后用作乏燃料萃取剂,与乏燃料的摩尔浓度3.0 mol/L-4.0mol/L硝酸水溶液接触时,能选择性地萃取分离出铀和钚;所述费托馏分油按质量百分含量计,其组成为,C11-C12烷烃的质量含量>75 %,C5-C9馏分低于5 %,C14-C17馏分低于5%,其余为C10和C13;单原子Pt@SAPO-11催化剂的合成方法过程为:乙二胺模板剂与铝源、硅源、磷源、蒸馏水、Pt(NH3)4Cl2制成均匀反应混合物,混合物的原料摩尔比表示为aR:Al2O3:bP2O5:cSiO2:dH2O:ePt(NH3)4Cl2,混合物中a是0.5-2.5,b是0.5-3.0,c是0.10~1.30,d是80-150,e是2.25×10-3-9×10-3,R为乙二胺模板剂;然后升温,将混合物水热晶化,晶化条件是150-280℃晶化36-72 h;将反应釜冷却至室温,过滤、洗涤后得到的白色固体于100-150℃干燥8-24小时,然后在氢气气氛下升温至550-700℃焙烧4-8 h,获得Pt@SAPO-11,Pt以单原子形式分散于SAPO-11上;精馏处理时,精馏塔理论塔板数为100-200,精馏塔内釜温为:80℃~140℃,釜压为:0.1 kPa -1 kPa,塔顶蒸汽温度为50℃ -75℃,回流比为:10-20。
2.按照权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:
A)以费托馏分油为原料,以单原子Pt@SAPO-11为催化剂,在反应压力为2.0-5.0 MPa,反应温度为250℃-400℃,空速为0.5 h-1-3 h-1,氢油体积比为400:1-1000:1,条件下,反应获得异构烷烃。
3.按照权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:C11-C12烷烃中所述C12烷烃其质量含量>40 %含有碳数C10-C12的烷烃原料质量。
4.按照权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:单原子Pt@SAPO-11催化剂的合成方法过程为:乙二胺模板剂与铝源、硅源、磷源、蒸馏水、Pt(NH3)4Cl2制成均匀反应混合物,混合物的原料摩尔比表示为aR:Al2O3:bP2O5:cSiO2:dH2O:ePt(NH3)4Cl2,混合物中a是0.5-2.5,b是0.60~1.50,c是0.1-0.5,d是80-150,e是3×10-3-5×10-3。
5.按照权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:精馏处理时,精馏塔理论塔板数为150-200,精馏塔内釜温为:90℃~120℃,釜压为: 0.2 kPa -0.6 kPa,塔顶蒸汽温度为55 ℃ -70℃,回流比为:10-15。
6.按照权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:乏燃料中金属离子铀和钚的浓度为0.4mol/L-0.7 mol/L。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011451671.1A CN114621785B (zh) | 2020-12-10 | 2020-12-10 | 一种稀释剂的制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011451671.1A CN114621785B (zh) | 2020-12-10 | 2020-12-10 | 一种稀释剂的制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN114621785A CN114621785A (zh) | 2022-06-14 |
CN114621785B true CN114621785B (zh) | 2023-04-07 |
Family
ID=81896042
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011451671.1A Active CN114621785B (zh) | 2020-12-10 | 2020-12-10 | 一种稀释剂的制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN114621785B (zh) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105132017A (zh) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-09 | 天津大学 | 一种煤基喷气燃料的制备方法 |
WO2019002788A1 (fr) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Carbamides pour la séparation de l'uranium(vi) et du plutonium(iv) sans réduction du plutonium(iv) |
CN110551893A (zh) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-10 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | 稀释剂及其制备方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-10 CN CN202011451671.1A patent/CN114621785B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105132017A (zh) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-09 | 天津大学 | 一种煤基喷气燃料的制备方法 |
WO2019002788A1 (fr) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Carbamides pour la séparation de l'uranium(vi) et du plutonium(iv) sans réduction du plutonium(iv) |
CN110551893A (zh) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-10 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | 稀释剂及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
吴志杰.能源转化催化原理.《能源转化催化原理》.中国石油大学出版社,2018, * |
沸石封装金属纳米颗粒提高多相反应催化性能研究进展;金竹等;《化学反应工程与工艺》;20191025;第35卷(第05期);第469-479页 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN114621785A (zh) | 2022-06-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103772211B (zh) | 液氨法生产乙醇胺的方法 | |
CN109748805A (zh) | 液氨法生产异丙醇胺的方法 | |
CN104725191A (zh) | 乙二醇精制分离方法及其系统 | |
CN108586207A (zh) | 一种从粗酚中提取2,4-二甲基苯酚和2,5-二甲基苯酚的分离工艺 | |
CN114621785B (zh) | 一种稀释剂的制备方法 | |
CN112940781B (zh) | 一种稀释剂和其制备与应用 | |
CN114180527A (zh) | 一种化工尾气中氟化氢和氯化氢的分离方法 | |
CN113512052A (zh) | 一种二氟草酸硼酸锂的制备工艺 | |
CN112309601B (zh) | 一种稀释剂及其制备和应用 | |
CN107441766B (zh) | 一种萃取组合物、萃取体系及其应用 | |
WO2023060906A1 (zh) | 一种吸收稳定单元的新工艺及其产物的综合利用方法 | |
CN114797145B (zh) | 一种煤制乙二醇副产品差压热耦合精馏工艺 | |
CN202199241U (zh) | 合成氨驰放气的回收设备及包含其的铜氨液再生系统 | |
CN112940780B (zh) | 一种稀释剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN106276799A (zh) | 一种电子级高纯氯气的制备方法及装置 | |
CN101746794A (zh) | 一种低苛性比铝酸钠溶液制备高苛性比铝酸钠溶液的方法 | |
CN112941346A (zh) | 一种稀释剂及其制备和应用 | |
CN112661179A (zh) | 一种高纯氧化铝的制备方法 | |
CN116639701B (zh) | 一种应用于硼同位素分离提高产品丰度的工艺 | |
CN112289477B (zh) | 一种稀释剂及其异构化制备的方法与组合物 | |
CN101348424A (zh) | 加盐反应萃取精馏分离甲乙酮和水的方法 | |
US2860035A (en) | Production of highly concentrated nitric acid | |
CN111348680B (zh) | 砷烷的制备方法 | |
CN113292449B (zh) | 一种丁酮肟的精制提纯方法 | |
CN220183110U (zh) | 一种高纯五氟乙烷的制备装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |