CN114599770A - 具有改善的水溶助长能力的烷氧基化物 - Google Patents
具有改善的水溶助长能力的烷氧基化物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物的洗涤剂制剂以及所述至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物的作为具有改善的水溶助长能力的表面活性剂的用途。
Description
本发明涉及包含表面活性剂的制剂(配制物,配方,formulation)的一般领域、更特别地涉及包含非离子表面活性剂的制剂的领域、和特别地涉及包含烷氧基化的非离子表面活性剂的制剂的领域。
现今已知,烷氧基化的化合物代表如下的一类化合物:其提供宽范围的性质,具有多种应用,例如溶剂、水溶助长剂(水溶助剂,hydrotropic agent)或还有表面活性试剂(仅列出这些应用的几种)。因此,烷氧基化的化合物构成在数量众多的应用领域中展现真实的工业利益的具有表面活性剂性质的一类化合物。
烷氧基化的化合物作为表面活性剂的用途构成一种大受喜爱的应用,其中表面活性剂的份额现今对于非常多且各异的用途而言是相当大的,并且例如,以用于洗涤或清洁或清洗的制剂的形式(仅给出几个实例)。
在洗涤剂制剂内,表面活性剂的固有性质容许其带来在污物(通常为有机和亲脂的)和亲水介质(通常为水性介质)之间的相容性,并且因此使得能够将所述亲脂污物用亲水介质除去。
然而,这样的表面活性剂可呈现与使用其的介质的溶解性问题,使得对于该表面活性剂经常需要加入一种或多种增溶剂。在尤为适合的增溶剂中,通常使用水溶助长剂。
水溶助长剂实际上为使疏水化合物在水溶液中增溶的化合物。水溶助长剂目前常在工业上用于洗涤剂制剂中,以特别地使得可具有较大的表面活性剂浓度。
而且,已知某些表面活性剂本身拥有水溶助长能力(hydrotropic power),从而使另外的水溶助长剂的添加为任选的或甚至多余的。因此,可证明使表面活性剂具有增强的水溶助长能力或甚至高的水溶助长能力是有利的,以避免添加其它的水溶助长剂、以不使洗涤剂制剂配方复杂化、以能够降低其生产成本,而且特别是出于显然的环境保护原因而避免进一步加载(load)制剂。
该需要对于包括烷氧基化的非离子表面活性剂(也就是具有至少一个和优选地至少两个烷氧基单元的那些表面活性剂)的那些洗涤剂制剂尤为尖锐。这些制剂以说明但非限制的方式包括多功能清洁剂,化妆产品,用于硬表面清洁、衣物清洁、卫生洁具清洁、普通洗车、原地清洁(CIP)的制剂,及其它。
这些种类的烷氧基化的非离子表面活性剂记载于例如国际专利申请WO2009000852中,所述表面活性剂为Neodol伯醇(由费-托工艺(Fischer-Tropschprocess)获得的支化的多元醇)的烷氧基化物。
另外的多烷氧基化物记载于国际专利申请WO2012005897中,其公开了将醇烷氧基化以在多种多样的应用中作为表面活性剂使用。
烷氧基化的非离子表面活性剂,例如诸如在上文引用的文献中记载的那些仍然呈现经常不足的水溶助长能力,且因此如今,仍需要基于具有进一步增强的或甚至实质的(substantial)水溶助长能力的非离子表面活性剂的洗涤剂制剂。
本发明的另外目的在于,提供基于具有增强的水溶助长能力的由生物基产品和更特别地由不与人或动物食物链竞争的生物基产品获得的表面活性剂的洗涤剂制剂。
现已发现,这些目的借助在下文中的描述中阐述的发明可以其整体或至少部分地实现。更进一步的优势将在本发明的所述描述中变得明晰。
申请人现已意外地发现,相对于对现有技术中已知的烷氧基化物所观察到的水溶助长能力而言,一些烷氧基化物呈现增强的水溶助长能力,且这些烷氧基化物可有利地作为表面活性剂形成洗涤剂制剂组合物的部分。
因此且根据第一方面,本发明涉及包括至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物的洗涤剂制剂,其中所述仲醇包括3-22个碳原子、优选地5-22个碳原子、更优选地5-20个碳原子、非常优选地5-18个碳原子,包括端点在内,并且所述仲醇经烷氧基化而具有选自氧亚乙基(OE)、氧亚丙基(OP)和氧亚丁基(OB)的氧亚烷基单元,氧亚烷基单元的总数在2和100之间、优选地在3和100之间、更优选地在3和50之间、进一步优先地在3和40之间和非常特别地在3和30之间,包括端点在内。
仲醇烷氧基化物的各氧亚烷基单元可相同或不同,且若它们不同则它们可不管怎样以任意方式排列:例如,无规地、以嵌段、交替地或顺序地、或其它。出于本发明的意图,尤为优先的是,使用拥有以嵌段排列的氧亚烷基单元的如上定义的仲醇烷氧基化物。
根据本发明的另外优选方面,用作一个或多个烷氧基化反应的起始底物的醇具有0、1或2、更优选地1或2的支化度。
在本发明的意义上,表述“支化度”是指用作一个或多个烷氧基化反应的起始底物的醇上存在的末端的甲基(-CH3)、亚甲基(=CH2)和次甲基(≡CH)基团(称为“端基”)的总数,且从该总数中减去值1。也就是说,支化度D为等于在用作一个或多个烷氧基化反应的起始底物的醇上存在的端基的总数和1之间的差值的整数。该方程式可表示为如下的:
D=Σ(端基)–1
因此,若起始醇包括2个末端甲基基团,则支化度为1(D=Σ(端基)–1=2-1=1)。例如,腰果酚(1个末端亚甲基基团)的支化度为0,2-辛醇的支化度为1,和4-甲基-2-戊醇的支化度为2。
如上所指出的,用作一个或多个烷氧基化反应的起始底物的醇包括3-22个、优选地5-22个碳原子、更优选地5-20个和非常优选地5-18个碳原子。碳原子可在线型、支化或者完全或部分环状的链中。根据一个优选实施方式,在根据本发明的制剂中,仲醇具有的重均摩尔质量为45g mol-1至300g mol-1、优选地70g mol-1至250g mol-1、更优选地80g mol-1至200g mol-1,包括端点在内。
用作起始底物和意图用于烷氧基化的仲醇可为任意类型和任意来源的,和更特别地例如石油来源、或生物基来源例如植物或动物来源的。然而,出于显然的环境保护原因,优先的是生物基来源的仲醇。
而且,优先的是包含3-14个碳原子、更优选地6-12个碳原子的仲醇,并且根据一个特别优选的实施方式,仲醇选自2-辛醇和4-甲基-2-戊醇,和非常有利地仲醇为2-辛醇。
原因在于,2-辛醇在很多方面上尤为引人关注,特别地因为其来自于不与人或动物食物竞争的生物基产品。而且,具有高沸点的2-辛醇为生物可降解的和呈现良好的生态毒理概况。
如上所指出的,烷氧基重复单元选自环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧丁烷单元及其混合物。术语“环氧乙烷单元”指的是由环氧乙烷在氧杂环丙烷环打开后获得的单元,“环氧丙烷单元”指的是由环氧丙烷在氧杂环丙烷环打开后获得的单元,且“环氧丁烷单元”指的是由环氧丁烷在氧杂环丙烷环打开后获得的单元。
上述的环氧烷烃可为多种多样来源的,和更特别地“物料平衡(mass balance)”环氧烷烃、更特别地“物料平衡环氧乙烷”和生物基来源的环氧烷烃。环氧乙烷有利地在来源上为生物基的;例如,环氧乙烷可通过来自生物乙醇的脱水的生物基乙烯的氧化获得,生物乙醇本身源自例如玉米淀粉、木质纤维素材料、农业残余物例如甘蔗渣、及其它。
现已定义的且可在洗涤剂制剂的制备中使用的具有增强的水溶助长能力的按照本发明的仲醇烷氧基化物可通过本领域技术人员知晓的任意手段、和更特别地通过任意已知的醇烷氧基化方法而制备。
醇烷氧基化在常规上且有利地在催化剂存在下进行,该烷氧基化有利地通过使用例如氢氧化钠(NaOH)或氢氧化钾(KOH)的碱性或碱催化(分别称为烧碱或苛性钾催化)进行。
可使用其它类型的催化剂且尤其是作为烷氧基化专家的本领域技术人员现在知晓的导致具有窄的或甚至非常窄的烷氧基化物单元数量分布的烷氧基化物的那些。这种催化剂称为“窄范围”(窄分布)催化剂且选自例如基于钙或基于硼衍生物的催化剂(例如酸性BF3衍生物催化剂)、水滑石催化剂和双金属氰化物(DiMetallic Cyanide或DMC)催化剂。
对于本发明意图而言,优先的是如下的那些制剂:所述至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物选自窄范围仲醇烷氧基化物、和特别地通过将仲醇经由窄范围催化和更优选地经由DMC催化进行烷氧基化而获得的那些。
根据一个实施方式,在根据本发明的洗涤剂制剂中用作具有增强的水溶助长能力的表面活性剂的仲醇烷氧基化物为封端的仲醇烷氧基化物,其为其中末端-OH部分被取代的烷氧基化物,例如在文献EP2205711中或还有在国际专利申请WO2004037960中记载的。
根据一个优选方面,末端部分的取代基(也称为末端部分的封端基(cap)或更简单地称为末端封端基(endcap))为选自如下的基团:包括1-6个碳原子的线型或支化的烷基、苯基基团、苄基基团、带有羧基官能团-COO-的烃基团、和带有糖单元的基团。
仲醇烷氧基化物的末端封端基优选地选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、苄基和烷基羧基基团,以及后者的盐。羧基官能团的可能的盐包括本领域技术人员公知的盐,和更特别地金属盐、碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐(仅提到其主要代表)。特别优选的盐为钠、钾、钙和铵盐。
根据另外的实施方式,仲醇烷氧基化物的末端封端基选自任选地官能化的亚烷基羧基及其盐。一种典型的非限制实例以磺基琥珀酸盐基团和更特别地磺基琥珀酸钠、磺基琥珀酸钾、磺基琥珀酸钙和磺基琥珀酸铵为代表。
根据又一实施方式,仲醇烷氧基化物的末端封端基选自带有糖单元、例如葡萄糖(在单糖苷的情形中)或带有两个或更多个糖单元(在也称为APG的烷基多糖苷的情形中)的基团。
根据本发明的又一实施方式,优先的是如下的洗涤剂制剂:所述至少一种仲醇烷氧基化至少包括环氧乙烷(EO)单元。根据本发明的另一优选实施方式,洗涤剂制剂包括至少一种具有至少环氧乙烷(EO)单元和至少环氧丙烷(PO)单元的仲醇烷氧基化物,其中所述单元可无规地、交替地或以嵌段和优选地以嵌段分布。
根据又一优选实施方式,根据本发明的洗涤剂制剂中的仲醇烷氧基化物带有的重复单元的总数在1和30之间、优选地在2和20之间、更优选地在3和20之间、有利地在3和15之间,其中包括端点在内。
在一个特别优选的实施方式中,根据本发明的洗涤剂制剂包括至少一种2-辛醇烷氧基化物。特别有利地,所述烷氧基化物选自具有乙氧基单元的2-辛醇、具有乙氧基和丙氧基单元的2辛醇、具有乙氧基和丁氧基单元的2-辛醇、具有丙氧基单元的2-辛醇、具有丙氧基和丁氧基单元的2-辛醇、以及具有丁氧基单元的2-辛醇。然而,优先的是包括至少一种具有乙氧基单元的2-辛醇或至少一种具有乙氧基和丙氧基单元的2-辛醇的洗涤剂制剂。
特别地适合于根据本发明的制剂的仲醇烷氧基化物的实例为选自2-辛醇2-15EO、2-辛醇2-15EO 1 PO、2-辛醇2-15 EO 1-15 BO、2-辛醇2-15 EO 1-15 PO和2辛醇1-6 EO1-15 PO的那些。
根据本发明的洗涤剂制剂中的仲醇烷氧基化物的量可根据一种或多种烷氧基化物的性质以及制剂的性质和预期用途而在宽比例内变化。作为一般规则,仲醇烷氧基化物的量为以重量计在1%和99%之间、更通常在1%和50%之间、有利地在1%和25%之间的烷氧基化物,相对于制剂的总重量。
根据本发明的制剂可包括作为制剂专家和特别地洗涤剂制剂专家的本领域技术人员知晓的任意类型的添加剂或填料。
因此且通过非限制实例的方式,根据本发明的洗涤剂制剂可包括选自如下的添加剂和填料的一种或多种:例如,洗涤试剂、特别地碱性洗涤试剂、例如氢氧化钠,表面活性剂,香料,染料,惰性填料,浸渍剂,选自水、醇、二醇和多元醇的水性、有机和水性-有机溶剂,矿物油,植物油,蜡,及其它,其为单独的或以它们任意比例的两种或更多种的混合物。
根据本发明的制剂可更特别地包括本领域技术人员公知的一种或多种添加剂和填料,比如,例如且非限制地,阴离子、阳离子、两性和非离子表面活性剂,流变改性剂,缓和剂(demulcent),发泡剂,消泡剂,水溶助长剂,抗沉积剂,分散剂,pH控制剂,染料,抗氧化剂,防腐剂,腐蚀抑制剂,杀生物剂和其它添加剂,比如例如包含硫、硼、氮、磷及其它的产品。添加剂和填料的性质和量可随预期应用的性质在宽比例内变化并且可由本领域技术人员容易地做出适应性改变。
如上所指出的,根据本发明的洗涤剂制剂包括如现已定义的具有增强的水溶助长能力的仲醇烷氧基化物,从而赋予包括其的制剂完全有利的性质,特别地不仅在增溶方面而且在洗涤能力方面。实际上,已经观察到,本发明的制剂和更特别地包括2-辛醇烷氧基化物的那些制剂特别地因仲醇烷氧基化物的高水溶助长能力而呈现增强的洗涤能力。
最后,本发明涉及至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物在洗涤剂制剂中作为具有增强的水溶助长能力的表面活性试剂的用途。实际上,已经观察到,现已定义种类的仲醇烷氧基化物和更特别地通过窄范围催化获得的烷氧基化物呈现增强的水溶助长能力,例如,其水溶助长能力特别地相对于具有相同的烷氧基单元数量但不同底物例如伯醇的其它烷氧基化物的水溶助长能力而言是增强的。
如现已定义的仲醇烷氧基化物和特别地通过窄范围催化获得的那些就性能而言具有高度令人感兴趣的应用性质且具有非常有利的生物降解性概况,对于≤8个单元、优选地<8个单元、更优选地≤6个单元和更优选地甚至≤4个单元的低烷氧基化水平尤其如此。
因此,如现已定义的仲醇烷氧基化物和特别地通过窄范围催化获得的那些凭借其非常好的脱脂、增溶和乳化性质和更特别地其增强的水溶助长能力而找到完全适合的应用,从而使得当其在用于洗碗的洗涤剂制剂中使用时成为精选的表面活性剂。原因在于,增强的水溶助长能力通常导致更好的在“污渍(spotting)”方面的结果,“污渍”是指留在餐具上和更特别地在玻璃上的痕迹。
因此,如现已定义的仲醇烷氧基化物在洗涤剂制剂中和更特别地在用于洗碗、用于多功能清洁(清洁剂)、用于硬表面清洁、用于清洁衣物(洗衣)、用于化妆产品、用于清洁卫生洁具、用于普通洗车、用于原地清洁(CIP)及其它的洗涤剂制剂中找到完全有利的应用。
上文定义种类的仲醇烷氧基化物可进一步用于其中需要或期望这样的表面活性剂作为乳化剂、润湿剂、溶剂、或助剂的多种多样的制剂中,和更特别地用于矿石浮选、用于金属加工液、用于沥青应用、用于脱墨、用于增强的油气收取应用、用于免受腐蚀的防护、用于水力压裂、用于土壤修复、在农业化学(例如在粒状产品、特别地肥料和植物健康产品上的涂层)中的制剂,而且还用作消泡剂、抗静电剂、漆助剂、纺织品助剂、用于多元醇以及用于生产电池的电极和电解质,仅述及主要的应用领域。
现通过下面的无论如何并非限制的实施例阐述本发明。
实施例
将具有可变的烷氧基单元数的仲醇烷氧基化物对于其水溶助长能力进行测试,并与具有可变的烷氧基单元数的伯醇烷氧基化物进行比较。烷氧基化物通过本领域技术人员知晓的技术制备。除非另外指出,烷氧基化物是通过窄范围催化(根据例如记载于WO2019092366 A1中的程序)制备的。
测试产品的水溶助长能力通过如下表征:加热包含提及产品的溶液,且记录由于该提及产品在溶液中的脱溶解(去溶剂化,desolubilization)而形成的雾度(模糊性,haze)消失时的温度。水溶助长能力对应于该温度(以℃计)。该温度越高,则产品越是水溶助长性的。
将溶液在烧杯中加热直至持久的雾度出现,所述溶液包含(重量百分数,除非另外指明):
·2%的氢氧化钠,
·1%的测试产品,
·适量补足至100%的去矿物水。
使其自然冷却并记录雾度消失时的温度。水溶助长能力对应于该温度(以℃计)。结果列在下表1中:
表1
这些结果表明,对于相同的烷氧基单元数,仲醇烷氧基化物总是具有更高的水溶助长能力。这在通常为碱性水性制剂的水性洗涤剂制剂的情形中尤为有利。
因此,本发明提供简单且有效的溶液,其特别地实现洗涤剂制剂中表面活性剂浓度的增加、同时保持澄清且完美均匀的外观,该溶液为将至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物加入到所述洗涤剂制剂。
Claims (13)
1.洗涤剂制剂,其包括至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物,其中所述仲醇包括3-22个碳原子、优选地5-22个碳原子、更优选地5-20个碳原子、非常优选地5-18个碳原子,包括端点在内,且所述仲醇经烷氧基化而具有选自氧亚乙基(OE)、氧亚丙基(OP)和氧亚丁基(OB)的氧亚烷基单元,氧亚烷基单元的总数在2和100之间、优选地在3和100之间、更优选地在3和50之间、进一步优先地在3和40之间和非常特别地在3和30之间,包括端点在内。
2.如权利要求1所述的制剂,其中仲醇具有45g mol-1至300g mol-1、优选地70g mol-1至250g mol-1、更优选地80g mol-1至200g mol-1的重均摩尔质量,包括端点在内。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的制剂,其中仲醇包括3-14个碳原子、更优选地6-12个碳原子,且非常优选地仲醇选自2-辛醇和4-甲基-2-戊醇,且有利地仲醇为2-辛醇。
4.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制剂,其中所述至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物选自窄范围仲醇烷氧基化物、和特别地通过将仲醇经由窄范围催化和更优选地经由双金属氰化物-DiMetallic Cyanide或DMC-催化进行烷氧基化而获得的窄范围仲醇烷氧基化物。
5.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制剂,其中所述至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物包括至少环氧乙烷单元(EO)和优选地至少环氧乙烷单元(EO)和至少环氧丙烷单元(PO),其中所述单元可无规地、交替地或以嵌段和优选地以嵌段分布。
6.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制剂,其中所述至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物选自具有乙氧基单元的2-辛醇、具有乙氧基和丙氧基单元的2辛醇、具有乙氧基和丁氧基单元的2-辛醇、具有丙氧基单元的2-辛醇、具有丙氧基和丁氧基单元的2-辛醇以及具有丁氧基单元的2-辛醇,和优选地选自具有乙氧基单元的2-辛醇和具有乙氧基和丙氧基单元的2-辛醇。
7.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制剂,其中所述至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物选自2-辛醇2-15EO、2-辛醇2-15EO 1PO、2-辛醇2-15EO 1-15BO、2-辛醇2-15EO 1-15PO和2辛醇1-6EO1-15PO。
8.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制剂,其中仲醇烷氧基化物的量为以重量计在1%和99%之间、更通常在1%和50%之间、有利地在1%和25%之间的烷氧基化物,相对于制剂的总重量。
9.如前述权利要求的任一项所述的制剂,其进一步包括选自如下的添加剂和填料的一种或多种:洗涤试剂,表面活性剂,香料,染料,惰性填料,浸渍剂,选自水、醇、二醇和多元醇的水性、有机和水性-有机溶剂,矿物油,植物油,蜡,及其它,单独的或以它们中的任意比例的两种或更多种的混合物。
10.如权利要求1-7的任一项中陈述的至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物在洗涤剂制剂中作为具有水溶助长能力的表面活性试剂的用途。
11.如权利要求10所述的用途,其中所述至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物为如权利要求1-7的任一项中所描述的。
12.如权利要求10或权利要求11所述的用途,其中所述至少一种仲醇烷氧基化物通过窄范围催化而获得。
13.如权利要求10、11或12的任一项所述的用途,其为在用于洗碗、用于多功能清洁、用于硬表面清洁、用于衣物清洁、用于化妆产品、用于清洁卫生洁具、用于普通洗车和用于原地清洁(CIP)的洗涤剂制剂中。
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FR1911678A FR3102174A1 (fr) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | Alcoxylats à pouvoir hydrotrope amélioré |
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PCT/FR2020/051859 WO2021074547A1 (fr) | 2019-10-18 | 2020-10-16 | Alcoxylats à pouvoir hydrotrope amélioré |
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US3679608A (en) * | 1968-08-02 | 1972-07-25 | Procter & Gamble | Low foaming hard surface cleaners |
US20030119695A1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2003-06-26 | Manfred Weuthen | Detergents and cleaning agents |
CN102958887A (zh) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-03-06 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 支链仲醇烷氧基化表面活性剂及其制备方法 |
WO2019092366A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | Arkema France | Alcool secondaire alcoxylé |
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ES2206052B1 (es) | 2002-10-24 | 2005-05-01 | Kao Corporation, S.A. | Uso de etercarboxilatos como lubricantes. |
US20090057608A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2009-03-05 | Michiel Barend Eleveld | Alkoxylate composition and a process for preparing the same |
DE102007000501A1 (de) | 2007-10-15 | 2009-04-16 | Chemetall Gmbh | Reinigerzusammensetzung für metallische Oberflächen |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3679608A (en) * | 1968-08-02 | 1972-07-25 | Procter & Gamble | Low foaming hard surface cleaners |
US20030119695A1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2003-06-26 | Manfred Weuthen | Detergents and cleaning agents |
CN102958887A (zh) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-03-06 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 支链仲醇烷氧基化表面活性剂及其制备方法 |
WO2019092366A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | Arkema France | Alcool secondaire alcoxylé |
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CN115216369A (zh) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-10-21 | 联盛纸业(龙海)有限公司 | 一种多盘浓缩滤袋清洗剂、清洗方法及其应用 |
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FR3102174A1 (fr) | 2021-04-23 |
US20240110128A1 (en) | 2024-04-04 |
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