CN114573920B - 一种xps阻燃母粒、制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种xps阻燃母粒、制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种XPS阻燃母粒、制备及应用,阻燃母粒包括如下原料:聚苯乙烯、复合阻燃剂、缚酸剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂,复合阻燃剂为甲基八溴醚和2,3‑二甲基‑2,3‑二苯基丁烷的混合物,缚酸剂为在表面原位接枝有端氨基树状大分子的硅藻土复合材料。本发明以表面原位接枝有端氨基树状大分子的硅藻土复合材料作为缚酸剂来吸收溴化氢,将其原位接枝在具有较大比表面积的硅藻土上,可大量吸附甲基八溴醚在加工过燃烧工程中产生的溴化氢,减轻溴化氢对设备、人类和环境造成的伤害。还预想不到的发现缚酸剂具有改善因甲基八溴醚熔点低造成的溶体粘度低,加工流变性变差的作用,可大大提高母粒的加工性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于阻燃母粒技术领域,具体涉及一种XPS阻燃母粒、制备及应用。
背景技术
挤塑型聚苯乙烯保温板(XPS)是一种以高分子量结晶PS为主要原料,通过在挤出机熔融段注入发泡剂,发泡剂与PS熔体混合,当熔体达到机头狭缝口模时,压力突降至常压,此时发泡剂膨胀发泡、冷却,从而形成的泡沫板材。XPS具有连续均匀结皮表层及闭孔蜂窝结构,这些蜂窝结构的厚板,完全不会出现空隙,闭孔式结构的保温材料具有良好的抗压强度、较低的导热系数以及经久不衰的保温隔热性能。但XPS也存在致命的缺点-易燃,大量的火灾事故起因调查结果显示是由高烟、易燃的外墙保温材料XPS燃烧导致,因此对XPS进行阻燃处理是推进其在保温材料领域进一步应用的研究重点。
如专利CN201811370462.7公开了一种XPS阻燃母粒及其制备方法,所述阻燃母粒由以下重量份的原料制备而成:聚苯乙烯50-70份、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物40-60份、甲基八溴醚20-40份、溴化聚苯醚20-40份、硬脂酸钙3-5份、Sb2O32-6份、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺4-8份、抗氧剂1076 5-9份。专利CN202110215924.3公开了一种EPS/XPS专用高热稳定阻燃剂及其制备方法,所述阻燃剂为热稳定剂、溴化苯乙烯丁二烯芳香共聚物和甲基八溴醚的共混物,是通过将苯乙烯丁二烯芳香共聚物(SBS)与四溴双酚A双(甲基烯丙基)醚混合,在热稳定剂的保护下,产品性能显著提高、热稳定性能高。上述技术均为利用目前在XPS领域具有高效阻燃效率的甲基八溴醚克服挤塑聚苯乙烯保温板易燃的缺陷,包含甲基八溴醚的PS阻燃母粒不仅阻燃效果好、热稳定性好,还可解决阻燃剂在XPS材料中分散不均匀的问题。但甲基八溴醚阻燃性能好的同时也暴露出一个致命的缺陷,由于甲基八溴醚上有溴化脂肪烃基,他们会在加工或燃烧过程分解并释放溴化氢,不仅对生产设备有严重的腐蚀性、对生产产品的品质有影响,也会对人体和环境产生很大的危害。
因此,如何降低阻燃剂甲基八溴醚产生的溴化氢造成的危害对进一步提高其阻燃型挤塑型聚苯乙烯保温板(XPS)的实际应用具有重要的意义。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种XPS阻燃母粒、制备及应用,其中以表面原位接枝有端氨基树状大分子的硅藻土复合材料作为缚酸剂来吸收溴化氢,因本身为纳米尺寸、在三维空间具有近似球形的端胺基树状大分子上有大量的氨基或仲胺基,将其原位接枝在具有较大比表面积的硅藻土上,可大量吸附甲基八溴醚在加工过燃烧工程中产生的溴化氢,减轻溴化氢对设备、人类和环境造成的伤害。
为实现上述目的,采取以下具体的技术方案:
一种XPS阻燃母粒,所述阻燃母粒包括如下原料:聚苯乙烯、复合阻燃剂、缚酸剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂,所述复合阻燃剂为甲基八溴醚和2,3-二甲基-2,3-二苯基丁烷的混合物,所述缚酸剂为在表面原位接枝有端氨基树状大分子的硅藻土复合材料。
进一步地,所述阻燃母粒包括如下重量份的原料:40-50份聚苯乙烯、50-60份复合阻燃剂、6-10份缚酸剂、0.1-0.3份抗氧剂、0.5-1份润滑剂,甲基八溴醚和2,3-二甲基-2,3-二苯基丁烷按照质量比为9-12:1复合,所述缚酸剂中端氨基树状大分子与硅藻土的质量比为1:5-7。
所述端氨基树状大分子的代数为3.0-8.0代,具体的所述树状大分子包括聚酰胺-胺树状大分子。
所述硅藻土的平均粒径为10-30μm。
所述缚酸剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1.将硅藻土加入溶剂1中,升温并恒温,滴加氨基硅烷偶联剂,恒温反应,过滤、水洗,真空干燥,备用;
S2.将S1所得产物加至端氨基树状大分子溶液中,超声分散成稳定的分散液,搅拌至均匀,升温并恒温,滴加二醛类化合物的水溶液,恒温反应,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,过滤、水洗,真空干燥即得上述缚酸剂。
步骤S1所述溶剂1为水和乙醇的混合溶液,二者的体积比为1-4:1,所述升温为升至50-80℃,所示恒温反应时间为1-3h,所述氨基硅烷偶联剂用量为硅藻土的5-10wt%,所述氨基硅烷偶联剂选自3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种;
步骤S2所述端氨基树状大分子溶液的溶剂为甲醇,质量分数为3-6wt%,所述升温为升至50-80℃,所述二醛类化合物的用量为硅藻土的5-10wt%,所述二醛类化合物选自乙二醛、丙二醛、丁二醛、戊二醛、己二醛、庚二醛中的至少一种,所述二醛类化合物的水溶液的质量分数为1-3wt%,所述恒温反应时间为5-10h,所述真空干燥温度为50-80℃。
所述聚苯乙烯的熔融指数为2-5g/10min。
所述抗氧剂为本领域常用即可,包括但不限于抗氧剂168、抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂911、抗氧剂1076中的至少一种。
所述润滑剂为本领域常用的即可,包括但不限于硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了上述XPS阻燃母粒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将聚苯乙烯、复合阻燃剂、缚酸剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂加至高速混合机中混合均匀,经双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒得上述母粒。
所述双螺杆挤出机设有抽真空系统。
所述双螺杆挤出机的挤出温度为一区温度:140-155℃,二区温度:155-160℃,三区温度:160-165℃,四区温度:165-170℃,五区温度:160-165℃,机头温度:160-170℃,螺杆直径为20-60mm,长径比为20-41:1,螺杆转速为10-30rpm。
一种XPS阻燃母粒的应用,上述阻燃母粒在XPS材料的添加量为2.5-6wt%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明以表面原位接枝有端氨基树状大分子的硅藻土复合材料作为缚酸剂来吸收溴化氢,因本身为纳米尺寸、在三维空间具有近似球形的端胺基树状大分子上有大量的氨基或仲胺基,将其原位接枝在具有较大比表面积的硅藻土上,可大量吸附甲基八溴醚在加工过燃烧工程中产生的溴化氢,减轻溴化氢对设备、人类和环境造成的伤害。
发明人预想不到的发现本发明缚酸剂具有改善因甲基八溴醚熔点低造成的溶体粘度低,加工流变性变差的作用,可大大提高母粒的加工性。
附图说明
图1为实施例1-6及对比实施例1的流变曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但并不局限于说明书上的内容。若无特殊说明,本发明实施例中所述“份”均为重量份。所用试剂均为本领域可商购的试剂。
聚酰胺-胺甲醛溶液购自Sigma-Aldrich,乙二胺核,6.0代的溶液,浓度5wt%。
硅藻土购自吉林远通公司,平均粒径为30μm。
聚苯乙烯熔融指数为2.3g/10min。
聚苯乙烯回收料熔融指数为8.7g/10min。
制备缚酸剂
制备例1
配方:硅藻土50份,100份水和乙醇按体积比为4:1组成的溶剂1,5份3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷;200份5wt%聚酰胺-胺溶液(溶剂为甲醇),200份2.5wt%戊二醛溶液;
S1.将硅藻土加入溶剂1中,升温至60℃,滴加3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,恒温反应3h,过滤、水洗,真空干燥,备用;
S2.将S1所得产物加入聚酰胺-胺溶液中,超声分散成稳定的分散液,搅拌至均匀,升温至70℃并恒温,滴加戊二醛的水溶液,恒温反应10h,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,过滤、水洗,60℃真空干燥即得上述缚酸剂。
制备例2
其余与制备例1相同,不同之处在于,硅藻土的用量为70份。
制备例3
其余与制备例1相同,不同之处在于,硅藻土的用量为40份。
制备例4
其余与制备例1相同,不同之处在于,硅藻土的用量为100份。
制备阻燃母粒
实施例1
配方:40份聚苯乙烯、60份由甲基八溴醚和2,3-二甲基-2,3-二苯基丁烷按照质量比为9:1复合的阻燃剂,10份制备例1制备的缚酸剂,0.3份抗氧剂1010,0.3份硬脂酸钙。
挤出工艺:螺杆直径为35mm,长径比为20:1,螺杆转速为25rpm,挤出温度为一区温度:155℃,二区温度:160℃,三区温度:165℃,四区温度:170℃,五区温度:165℃,机头温度:170℃,其中四区、五区分别设有1个抽真空口,开机即启动抽真空系统。
实施例2
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于所用缚酸剂为制备例2制备。
实施例3
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于缚酸剂的用量为6份。
实施例4
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于缚酸剂的用量为3份。
实施例5
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于缚酸剂的用量为15份。
实施例6
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于聚苯乙烯的用量为50份,复合阻燃剂的用量为50份。
对比实施例1
其余与实施例1相同,不同之处在于不添加缚酸剂,添加10份硅藻土。
制备挤塑型聚苯乙烯保温板
应用例1-6
配方:89.5份聚苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯回收料按照1:1的重量比组成的基材,2份滑石粉,实施例1-6阻燃母粒2.5份,6份由氟利昂、CO2、乙醇复配的复合发泡剂,三者重量比为5:3:2。
将配方中的原料在高速搅拌机中混合均匀,然后加入双阶双螺杆挤出机进行挤出发泡。
上阶温度:200℃,200℃,210℃,210℃,210℃,200℃,200℃,200℃,200℃,200℃;
下阶温度:190℃,220℃,90℃,78℃,77℃,75℃,120℃,120℃;熔封温度:200℃,220℃,220℃,210℃;
上阶螺杆转速160RPM,电流377.1A,下阶螺杆转速4.5RPM,电流139.3A,牵引速度12.3m/min。
应用例7
其余与应用例1相同,不同之处在于聚苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯回收料按照1:1的重量比组成的基材86份,实施例1阻燃母粒用量为6份。
对比应用例1
其余与应用例1相同,不同之处在于,所用阻燃母粒为对比实施例1制备的。
将上述实施例及对比实施例制备的阻燃母粒进行以下性能测试:
1)溴化氢释放量:利用泵吸式溴化氢气体检测仪TD400-SH-HBr(北京天地首和科技发展有限公司)检测实施例及对比实施例母粒制备过程中每隔3分钟溴化氢的瞬时浓度,检测位置为机头前一个温区的真空口,检测时关闭抽真空系统中除被检测真空口的真空泵以外的其他真空泵,最后计算平均值定为溴化氢的释放量,ppm。
2)流变性能测试:使用RS300应力控制流变仪进行测试,赛默飞世尔科技公司(Thermo Fisher Scientific)。采用平板-平板模式,传感器型号为PP20Ti,直径为20mm,板间测试距离为1mm。测试频率区间为0.01rad/s到100rad/s,测试温度为170℃。在振荡频率扫描模式下,对母粒的复数黏度(η*)进行测试。
将上述应用例及对比应用例制备的XPS保温板进行以下性能测试:
3)阻燃性能测试:参照标准GB/T 2406.1-2008进行测试,XPS保温板样条尺寸100mm×6.5mm×3.5mm。
表1阻燃母粒溴化氢释放量
项目 | 溴化氢释放量ppm |
实施例1 | 11.7 |
实施例2 | 16.3 |
实施例3 | 23.4 |
实施例4 | 29.6 |
实施例5 | 10.8 |
实施例6 | 11.2 |
对比实施例1 | 342.7 |
表2XPS保温板的阻燃性能
项目 | LOI% |
应用例1 | 33.8 |
应用例2 | 31.6 |
应用例3 | 31.2 |
应用例4 | 30.2 |
应用例5 | 35.4 |
应用例6 | 28.2 |
应用例7 | 34.9 |
对比应用例1 | 28.2 |
由实施例及对比实施例可以看出本发明制备的缚酸剂具有良好的吸附溴化氢的作用,减轻溴化氢对设备、人类和环境造成的伤害。
此外,发明人还对阻燃母粒进行了流变性能测试,由图1中可以看出本发明缚酸剂具有改善因甲基八溴醚熔点低造成的溶体粘度低,加工流变性变差的作用,推测为缚酸剂与甲基八溴醚之间具有强烈的相互作用,缚酸剂吸附固定液态甲基八溴醚,使基材中液态甲基八溴醚含量保持在使母粒难以加工成型的的阈值以下,大大提高母粒的可加工性。
上述详细说明是针对本发明其中之一可行实施例的具体说明,该实施例并非用以限制本发明的专利范围,凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更,均应包含于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种XPS阻燃母粒,其特征在于,所述阻燃母粒包括如下原料:聚苯乙烯、复合阻燃剂、缚酸剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂,所述复合阻燃剂为甲基八溴醚和2,3-二甲基-2,3-二苯基丁烷的混合物,所述缚酸剂为在表面原位接枝有端氨基树状大分子的硅藻土复合材料;所述树状大分子为聚酰胺-胺树状大分子;
所述缚酸剂通过包括如下步骤的方法制备:
S1.将硅藻土加入溶剂1中,升温并恒温,滴加氨基硅烷偶联剂,恒温反应,过滤、水洗,真空干燥,备用;
S2.将S1所得产物加至端氨基树状大分子溶液中,超声分散成稳定的分散液,搅拌至均匀,升温并恒温,滴加二醛类化合物的水溶液,恒温反应,反应结束后自然冷却至室温,过滤、水洗,真空干燥即得上述缚酸剂。
2.如权利要求1所述XPS阻燃母粒,其特征在于,所述阻燃母粒包括如下重量份的原料:40-50份聚苯乙烯、50-60份复合阻燃剂、6-10份缚酸剂、0.1-0.3份抗氧剂、0.5-1份润滑剂,甲基八溴醚和2,3-二甲基-2,3-二苯基丁烷按照质量比为9-12:1,所述缚酸剂中端氨基树状大分子与硅藻土的质量比为1:5-7。
3.如权利要求1所述XPS阻燃母粒,其特征在于,所述端氨基树状大分子的代数为3.0-8.0代。
4.如权利要求1所述XPS阻燃母粒,其特征在于,所述硅藻土的平均粒径为10-30μm。
5.如权利要求1所述XPS阻燃母粒,其特征在于,步骤S1所述溶剂1为水和乙醇的混合溶液,二者的体积比为1-4:1,所述升温为升至50-80℃,所示恒温反应时间为1-3h,所述氨基硅烷偶联剂用量为硅藻土的5-10wt%,所述氨基硅烷偶联剂选自3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述XPS阻燃母粒,其特征在于,步骤S2所述端氨基树状大分子溶液的溶剂为甲醇,质量分数为3-6wt%,所述升温为升至50-80℃,所述二醛类化合物的用量为硅藻土的5-10wt%,所述二醛类化合物选自乙二醛、丙二醛、丁二醛、戊二醛、己二醛、庚二醛中的至少一种,所述二醛类化合物的水溶液的质量分数为1-3wt%,所述恒温反应时间为5-10h,所述真空干燥温度为50-80℃。
7.如权利要求1所述XPS阻燃母粒,其特征在于,所述聚苯乙烯的熔融指数为2-5g/10min。
8.权利要求1-7任一项所述XPS阻燃母粒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将聚苯乙烯、复合阻燃剂、缚酸剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂加至高速混合机中混合均匀,经双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒得所述母粒。
9.权利要求1-7任一项所述XPS阻燃母粒的应用,其特征在于,XPS复合材料包括如下重量份原料85-95份聚苯乙烯基材,2-10份所述XPS阻燃母粒,1-8份发泡剂,1-6份其他,原料共100份。
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