CN111548576A - 一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料 - Google Patents
一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种木制线条自动化工艺，包括苯乙烯：50～60份、复合发泡剂：1～5份、耐热改性材料：20～30份、阻燃剂：10～20份，其以挤出加工成型和化学发泡剂发泡工艺技术为基础，通过在无机粒子表面负载发泡剂、阻燃剂以及引入与聚苯乙烯完全相容的耐高温材料同时实现泡孔结构、耐热阻燃性能的改善和提升，通过现有的设备和工艺技术制备得到泡孔尺寸小、密度高、尺寸均一、耐高温且阻燃的聚苯乙烯微孔发泡材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚苯乙烯领域，具体涉及一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料
背景技术
聚苯乙烯是一类具有广泛用途的通用塑料，具有价格低、来源广泛等特点，除此之外，其无定形结构、高熔体粘度的特点特别适合于发泡材料的制备。因此，以聚苯乙烯为基材，人们制备了多种发泡材料，包括挤出聚苯乙烯发泡板、膨胀聚苯乙烯微粒等。
目前，以超临界二氧化碳为发泡剂的微孔注塑是目前公认最具有应用前景的微孔发泡材料制备方法，也已经少量产业化产品出现。但是，微孔注塑对设备要求较高，除配备高压进气系统外，螺杆结构、封闭喷嘴设计、模具等也需要全新的设计和制造。利用挤出加工成型制备发泡材料较注塑法相比具有对设备要求低、操作简便、可连续化生产等特点，但主要用于制备膨胀倍率高的保温隔热材料、包装材料等。采用挤出加工并采用化学发泡剂能够制备符合微孔发泡材料密度要求的发泡材料，但孔结构(泡孔尺寸通常300微米以上且分布很宽)和泡孔密度(泡孔密度与微孔发泡材料的要求相距甚远)。因此聚苯乙烯发泡材料要解决以下几个问题：1)泡孔尺寸大、分布不均及泡孔密度低，使其性能降低。2)耐热性能差，严重限制了微孔发泡材料的应用范围。3)阻燃性能差，聚苯乙烯是典型的易燃聚合物材料，经过发泡后，大量的泡孔结构使其更加容易燃烧和发生滴落，造成巨大的财产和人身安全损失。
因此针对上述问题，我们提供一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料，以挤出加工成型和化学发泡剂发泡工艺技术为基础，通过在无机粒子(可具有多孔结构)表面负载发泡剂、阻燃剂以及引入与聚苯乙烯完全相容的耐高温材料同时实现泡孔结构、耐热阻燃性能的改善和提升，通过现有的设备和工艺技术制备得到泡孔尺寸小、密度高、尺寸均一、耐高温且阻燃的聚苯乙烯微孔发泡材料。
发明内容
针对现有的技术，本发明提供了提供一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料，其特征在于：包括下列重量份组成：
苯乙烯：50～60份
复合发泡剂：1～5份
耐热改性材料：20～30份
阻燃剂：10～20份
进一步的，所述耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料的制备包括以下步骤：
用高速混料机将苯乙烯、复合发泡剂、耐热改性材料、阻燃剂高速混合，随后倒入单螺杆挤出机中，在一定温度和转速下挤出，得到一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料。
进一步的，所述复合发泡剂由多孔无机粒子、含甲基硅氧烷AC发泡剂和普通AC发泡剂共混组成，所述多孔无机粒子由多孔碳、粘土、水滑石及介孔二氧化硅无机粒子一种或几种组成，所述含甲基硅氧烷AC发泡剂由氨烃类硅烷偶联剂KH550或WD-56、环氧类硅烷偶联剂KH560、WD-62或WD-51以及带羧基的AC发泡剂反应得到，所述普通的AC发泡剂是SA1000、SA3000和SA5000的一种或几种共混组成。
进一步的，所述耐热改性材料由聚苯醚和苯乙烯共聚马来酸酐组成，苯乙烯共聚马来酸酐可以是SZ08250、SZ23110、SZ15170、SZ26080和SZ40005的一种或几种混合物。
进一步的，所述阻燃剂是溴系阻燃剂是溴化苯乙烯、三氧化二锑、硼酸锌等阻燃剂一种或几种混合物。
进一步的，所述高速混炼机混合时间为5～15分钟，转速为400～600rpm，所述单螺杆挤出机的温度在125℃～145℃,转速在35～55r/min。
本发明的优点在于：
1)工艺过程简单，完全基于现有的技术路线和工艺过程，成本低，对设备要求低。
2)将发泡剂负载在多孔粒子的表面和孔道内，发泡过程中在粒子表面产生发泡剂，利用界面作用和气体在位生成提高成核效率，从而有效改善泡孔结构，提高泡孔密度；
3)多空粒子与阻燃剂复合能够大大提高阻燃效率，实现高效阻燃；
4)引入与聚苯乙烯完全相容的聚苯醚能够在有效提高聚苯乙烯玻璃化转变温度的同时，对材料的发泡行为影响最小，有利于泡孔结构的调控，同时能够与阻燃剂实现协同阻燃，进一步提升阻燃效率。
具体实施方式
通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明并不受以下实施例子所限定。
实施例1:将0.5份3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH560)和1.5份带羧基的AC发泡剂均匀共混4小时，形成含甲基硅氧烷AC发泡剂2份.再加入2份SA7000 AC发泡剂和1份介孔二氧化硅，共混形成复合发泡剂剂。
聚苯乙烯56份,聚苯醚6份，苯乙烯共聚马来酸酐(SZ08250)16份，溴化苯乙烯和三氧化二锑17份，复合发泡剂5份。将上述重量份的放入高速搅拌机以500转每分钟搅拌8～10分钟。将冷却后的上述混合物进行用单螺杆挤出发泡，温度为125℃～145℃,转速40r/min，得到一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料。
实施例2：将0.5份N-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和1.5份发泡剂带羧基的AC发泡剂均匀共混4小时，形成含甲基硅氧烷AC发泡剂2份.再加入2份S5000 AC发泡剂和1份介孔二氧化硅，共混形成复合发泡剂。
聚苯乙烯52份,聚苯醚10份，苯乙烯共聚马来酸酐(SZ23110)18份，溴化苯乙烯和三氧化二锑15份，复合发泡剂5份。将上述重量份的放入高速搅拌机以500转每分钟搅拌8～10分钟。将冷却后的上述混合物将上述重量份的放入高速搅拌机以500转每分钟搅拌8～10分钟。将冷却后的上述混合物进行单螺杆挤出发泡，温度为125℃～145℃,转速40r/min，得到一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料。
实施例3：将0.5份3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH560)和1.5份带羧基的AC发泡剂均匀共混4小时，形成含甲基硅氧烷AC发泡剂2份.再加入2份SA3000 AC发泡剂和1份多孔碳，共混形成复合发泡剂。
聚苯乙烯56份,聚苯醚9份，苯乙烯共聚马来酸酐(SZ08250)15份，溴化苯乙烯和三氧化二锑15份，复合发泡剂5份。将上述重量份的放入高速搅拌机以500转每分钟搅拌8～10分钟。将冷却后的上述混合物进行用单螺杆挤出发泡，温度为125℃～145℃,转速40r/min，得到一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料。
实施例4：将0.5份N-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和1.5份带羧基的AC发泡剂均匀共混4小时，形成含甲基硅氧烷AC发泡剂2份.再加入2份S5000AC发泡剂和1份介孔二氧化硅，共混形成复合发泡剂。
聚苯乙烯54份,聚苯醚10份，苯乙烯共聚马来酸酐(SZ23110)14份，溴化苯乙烯和三氧化二锑16份，负载型高效异相成核剂5份。将上述重量份的放入高速搅拌机以500转每分钟搅拌8～10分钟。将冷却后的上述混合物进行用单螺杆挤出发泡，温度为125℃～145℃,转速40r/min，得到一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料。
对照组：聚苯乙烯96份，AC发泡剂SA1000 4份。将上述重量份的放入高速搅拌机以500转每分钟搅拌8～10分钟。将上述聚合物的放入高速搅拌机以500转每分钟搅拌8～10分钟。将冷却后的上述混合物进行用单螺杆挤出发泡，温度为125℃～145℃,转速40r/min，得到一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料。
综上所述，本发明优异的耐热性和阻燃性能，参考的测试标准分别为GB 1035-1970和UL 94。
本文中所描述的具体实施例子仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例子做各种修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
尽管对本发明已作出了详细的说明并引证了一些具体实施例，但是对本领域熟练技术人员来说，只要不离开本发明的精神和范围可作各种变化或修正是显然的。
Claims (6)
1.一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料，其特征在于：包括下列重量份组成：
苯乙烯：50～60份
复合发泡剂：1～5份
耐热改性材料：20～30份
阻燃剂：10～20份。
2.一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料，其特征在于：所述耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料的制备包括以下步骤：
用高速混料机将苯乙烯、复合发泡剂、耐热改性材料、阻燃剂高速混合，随后倒入单螺杆挤出机中，在一定温度和转速下挤出，得到一种耐热阻燃微孔发泡聚苯乙烯材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种复合发泡剂，其特征在于
所述复合发泡剂由多孔无机粒子、含甲基硅氧烷AC发泡剂和普通AC发泡剂共混组成，所述多孔无机粒子由多孔碳、粘土、水滑石及介孔二氧化硅无机粒子一种或几种组成，所述含甲基硅氧烷AC发泡剂由氨烃类硅烷偶联剂KH550或WD-56、环氧类硅烷偶联剂KH560、WD-62或WD-51以及带羧基的AC发泡剂反应得到，所述普通的AC发泡剂是SA1000、SA3000和SA5000的一种或几种共混组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种耐热改性材料，其特征在于
所述耐热改性材料由聚苯醚和苯乙烯共聚马来酸酐组成，苯乙烯共聚马来酸酐可以是SZ08250、SZ23110、SZ15170、SZ26080和SZ40005的一种或几种混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种阻燃剂，其特征在于
所述阻燃剂是溴系阻燃剂是溴化苯乙烯、三氧化二锑、硼酸锌等阻燃剂一种或几种混合物。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于
所述高速混炼机混合时间为5～15分钟，转速为400～600rpm，所述单螺杆挤出机的温度在125oC～145oC,转速在35～55r/min。
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