CN114557994A - 松萝酸及其盐制剂在制备抗鸡球虫药物或饲料添加剂中的应用 - Google Patents
松萝酸及其盐制剂在制备抗鸡球虫药物或饲料添加剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供了松萝酸及其盐制剂在制备抗鸡球虫药物或饲料添加剂中的应用。同时还提供了包括松萝酸及其盐制剂的抗鸡球虫药物和饲料添加剂。本发明提供的松萝酸及其盐制剂在制备抗鸡球虫药物或饲料添加剂中的应用以及包含松萝酸及其盐制剂的抗鸡球虫药物和饲料添加剂提供了一种新的用于治疗和预防鸡球虫的手段。通过在饲料中添加松萝或松萝酸及其盐制剂,可实现高效的抗鸡球虫病效果。同时采用松萝或松萝酸及其盐制剂作为抗鸡球虫病的手段成本低廉,施用简单,利于大规模推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及医药领域,特别是松萝酸及其盐制剂在制备抗鸡球虫药物或饲料添加剂中的应用。
背景技术:
松萝又名女萝、云雾草、老君须等,为松萝科,松萝属植物长松萝、环裂松萝的地衣体,性味为苦、甘、平,功用为祛痰,清肝,解毒,止血,主治咳嗽痰多,肺痨,痰疟,头痛,目赤,目翳臃肿疮毒,乳痈,外伤出血,崩漏看,白带,风湿痹痛,烫火伤。应用历史悠久,在蒙、藏、维等少数名族传统医药古籍中都有记载,各民族、地区应用的松萝药材均以松萝属枝状地衣体为药用资源,其中长松萝最常见,松萝中的松萝酸相关研究比较多,松萝酸钠的应用和松萝酸类似,多集中于其抗菌、抗感染、解毒、抗肿瘤、化妆品等方面的药效研究。
根据莱文1982年的分类系统,球虫系顶复器门、孢子虫纲、球虫亚纲、真球虫目、艾美耳亚目和阿德莱亚目内的原生动物。临床常见的鸡球虫主要有柔嫩艾美尔球虫、堆型艾美耳球虫、巨型艾美尔球虫、毒害艾美尔球虫、布氏艾美尔球虫、和缓艾美尔球虫和早熟艾美尔球虫。鸡球虫是养鸡场的常见疾病,集约化养鸡场则是球虫病爆发的最适宜场所,其发病率高,死亡率高。不同的鸡球虫生活史相似,都包括三个生殖阶段:即孢子生殖,裂殖生殖或和配子生殖。
评价药物抗球虫的效果方式很多,抗球虫指数(简称ACI)是评价方法之一,是包括存活率、增重、病变、卵囊产量、粪便记分等多项参数,综合评定后作为判定球虫耐药性或药物效力的指标。常用的抗球虫指数的计算公式一般为,ACI=(相对增重率+存活率)×100-(病变值+卵囊值)。
上世纪40年代以前,人们曾采用各种各样的炼丹法,将脱脂奶、醋和硫磺粉用来控制球虫病。直到上世纪40年代初,发现了磺胺药有潜在的抗球虫作用,才用磺胺来治疗球虫病。常用的抗球虫药物主要分为以下几类:聚醚类离子载体抗生素;化学合成抗球虫药,酰胺类抗球虫药、吡啶类抗球虫药、喹啉类抗球虫药、植物碱类抗球虫药等。抗球虫药物种类很多,作用方式不尽相同,只有做到合理作用,才能发挥好各种药物的作用,有效地控制球虫病。近年来由于球虫的耐药性越来越严重,新药的开发速度已赶不上耐药虫株出现的速度,尤其是多重耐药虫株的出现,更是给鸡球虫病的防治增加了困难。因此,新型抗球虫药物的开发是养殖业的迫切需求。
文献中常见的抗虫药物有:常山、青蒿、商陆、使君子、苦楝皮、槟榔等。据报道有抗弓形虫的药材除了松萝外,还有姜黄、常山、青蒿、黄芩、甘草、百部、贯众,槟榔、鸦胆子等。绝大部分抗虫药都有其抗虫的范围。有文献报告松萝酸有抗弓形虫作用,但是未看到松萝、松萝酸、松萝酸钠应用于鸡球虫病的防治。
因鉴于此,特提出此发明。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种新的松萝酸及其盐制剂的应用,以提供一种新的解决鸡球虫病的手段。
本发明公开了松萝酸及其盐制剂在制备抗鸡球虫药物或饲料添加剂中的应用。
优选或可选地,所述松萝酸来源于松萝。
另一方面,本发明还提供了一种抗鸡球虫药物,所述药物包括松萝酸和/或松萝酸盐及制剂。
优选或可选地,所述抗鸡球虫药物中的松萝酸来源于松萝。
另一方面,一种用于抗鸡球虫的饲料添加剂,所述饲料添加剂包括松萝酸和/或松萝酸盐及制剂。
优选或可选地,所述饲料添加剂中的松萝酸来源于松萝。
优选或可选地,所述饲料添加剂在饲料中的添加量以松萝酸和/或松萝酸盐的质量计为不少于0.015‰。
优选或可选地,所述饲料添加剂在饲料中的添加量以松萝酸和/或松萝酸盐的质量计为不少于0.05‰。
本发明提供的松萝酸及其盐制剂在制备抗鸡球虫药物或饲料添加剂中的应用以及包含松萝酸及其盐制剂的抗鸡球虫药物和饲料添加剂提供了一种新的用于治疗和预防鸡球虫的手段。通过在饲料中添加松萝或松萝酸及其盐制剂,可实现高效的抗鸡球虫病效果。同时采用松萝或松萝酸及其盐制剂作为抗鸡球虫病的手段成本低廉,施用简单,利于大规模推广。
附图说明:
图1为实施例1中松萝组在攻虫后产生的粪便情况;
图2为实施例1中常山组在攻虫后产生的粪便情况;
图3为实施例1中甘草组在攻虫后产生的粪便情况;
图4为实施例1中模型组的鸡在攻虫后的状态图;
图5为试验过程中收集到的鸡部分盲肠;
图6为试验过程中收集到的鸡部分盲肠;
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
实施例1
分别取以《中国药典》中所述方式炮制好的松萝、姜黄、常山、青蒿、甘草、黄岑、百部、贯众、槟榔、鸦胆子,粉碎后过200目筛,备用。
选择1日龄蛋鸡公雏,养至12日龄。逐只称重,剔除瘦弱或体重过大个体,选择个体体重差异在10g以内的健康鸡,随机分为13组,每组分为三十只。其中,10组为用药组,1组为模型组,1组为地克珠利组,1组为空白对照组。各用药组以及地克珠利组于12日龄开始给药,用药组采用拌料方式给药,地克珠利组采用饮水给药。用药组、地克珠利组以及模型组在14日龄每只鸡分别经口接种1.0×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊。全部组实验鸡均自由采食和自由饮水,直至第七天试验结束。
试验设计情况如表1所示。
表1实施例1试验设计分组
抗球虫指数(ACI)评定标准如下所示:
按照美国默克(Merck)公司的计算公式,即:
ACI=(相对增重率+存活率)×100-(病变值+卵囊值)计算而得。
其中,相对增重率的计算方法为:
试验开始及结束时分别称鸡只体重,计算平均增重和相对增重率。相对增重率=(试验组增重率/空白对照组增重率)×100%。
存活率的计算方法为:
记录各组死亡鸡数,剖检确定死因,算出存活率。存活率=(试验结束时存活鸡只数/试验组鸡只数)×100%。
病变值的计算方法为:
感染后第7天宰杀鸡,取出盲肠(如图5-6所示),参照JohnGon和Reid(1970)设计的病变记分法,进行每只鸡的肠道病变记分,并将病变记分换算成病变值;
病变记分:(两侧盲肠病变不一致时,以严重的一侧为准):
0分,无肉眼病变;
1分,盲肠壁有很少量散在的瘀点,肠壁不增厚,内容物正常;
2分,病变数量较多,盲肠内容物明显带血,盲肠壁稍增厚,内容物正常;
3分,盲肠内有多量血液或有盲肠芯(血凝块或灰白色干酪样的香蕉型块状物),盲肠壁肥厚明显,盲肠中粪便含量少;
4分,因充满大量血液或肠芯而盲肠肿大,肠芯中含有粪渣或不含,因球虫病死亡鸡只也记4分。
病变值(0-40)=各试验组的平均病变记分(0-4)×10。
卵囊值及相对卵囊产量(ROP)的计算方法为:
收集各组鸡粪便,用麦克马斯特计数法进行粪便卵囊计数,求出每组克粪便卵囊数(OPG),根据表2换算得出卵囊值。
表2卵囊数与卵囊值的换算关系
相对卵囊产量(ROP)=(试验组平均卵囊产量/模型组平均卵囊产量)×100%。ROP≥15%,有耐药性;ROP<15%,无耐药性。
药效判定标准为:ACI>180属高效抗球虫药;160<ACI<180属中效抗球虫药;120<ACI<160属低效抗球虫药;ACI<120对球虫无效。
本实施例试验结果如表3所示。
表3实施例1试验结果
临床症状
模型组试验鸡感染孢子化卵囊后逐渐出现采食减少、精神差(如图4)等反应。感染后第4天,用药组(除松萝组外)及模型组均有不同程度血粪排出,采食量减少,第5天和第6天更为严重;松萝组、地克珠利组及空白对照组均无血粪,采食,饮水无明显异常。
血便
如图1-3,在攻虫后的第五天观察各组的血便情况,常山(图2)和青蒿组有部分粪便带血;姜黄、甘草(如图3)、黄岑、百部、贯众、槟榔、鸦胆子和模型组,有大量粪便带血;松萝(图1)、地克珠利和空白对照组的粪便不带血。
由上述结果说明,本实施例试验的模型组对照和空白对照成立;地克珠利组作为阳性对照组对柔嫩艾美耳球虫具有高效的治疗效果;而相比其他9种被报道具有抗弓形虫作用的药材,松萝具有更好的抗鸡球虫效果。
实施例2
用药组1:取松萝酸3份与葡萄糖97份,混合均匀。
用药组2:取松萝酸钠3份与葡萄糖97份,混合均匀。
用药组3:取松萝酸钠3份和氢氧化钠2份,溶于95份水中,搅拌均匀。
选择1日龄蛋鸡公雏,养至12日龄。逐只称重,剔除瘦弱或体重过大个体,选择个体体重差异在10g以内的健康鸡,随机分为6组,每组分为三十只。其中,3组为用药组,1组为模型组,1组为地克珠利组,1组为空白对照组。各用药组以及地克珠利组于12日龄开始给药,用药组1和2采用拌料方式给药,用药组3和地克珠利组采用饮水给药。用药组、地克珠利组以及模型组在14日龄每只鸡分别经口接种1.0×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊。全部组实验鸡均自由采食和自由饮水,直至第七天试验结束。
试验设计如表4所示。
表4实施例2试验设计分组
本实施例中ACI的计算方式与实施例1中相同。
本实施例的试验结果如表5所示。
表5实施例2试验结果
组别 | 相对增重率/% | 存活率/% | 病变值 | 卵囊值 | ACI值 | 相对卵囊产量ROP | 标准 |
用药组1 | 97.8 | 100 | 4.1 | 5 | 188.7 | 13.2 | 高效 |
用药组2 | 96.4 | 100 | 3.6 | 10 | 182.8 | 14.3 | 高效 |
用药组3 | 97.2 | 100 | 2.9 | 5 | 189.3 | 11.8 | 高效 |
模型组 | 80.2 | 96.7 | 17.5 | 40 | 119.4 | 100 | 无效 |
地克珠利 | 98.9 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 198.9 | 0 | 高效 |
空白对照 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 200.0 | 0 |
临床症状
模型组试验鸡感染孢子化卵囊后逐渐出现采食减少、精神差等反应,在感染后的第4-6天更为严重。用药组1-3,地克珠利组以及空白对照组均无血便,采食、饮水无明显异常。
由上述结果说明,本实施例试验的模型组对照和空白对照成立;地克珠利组作为阳性对照组对柔嫩艾美耳球虫具有高效的治疗效果;而本实施例中的用药组1-3同样具有高效的抗鸡球虫效果,即松萝酸和松萝酸钠均具有高效的抗鸡球虫效果。
实施例3
用药组1:取松萝酸钠0.3份与葡萄糖99.7份,混合均匀。
用药组2:取松萝酸钠0.5份与葡萄糖99.5份,混合均匀。
用药组3:取松萝酸钠1份与葡萄糖99份,混合均匀。
选择1日龄蛋鸡公雏,养至12日龄。逐只称重,剔除瘦弱或体重过大个体,选择个体体重差异在10g以内的健康鸡,随机分为6组,每组分为三十只。其中,3组为用药组,1组为模型组,1组为地克珠利组,1组为空白对照组。各用药组于12日龄开始给药,用药组均采用拌料方式给药。地克珠利组采用饮水给药;各用药组、地克珠利组、模型组在14日龄每只鸡分别经口接种1.0×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊。全部组实验鸡均自由采食和自由饮水,直至第七天试验结束。
试验设计如表6所示。
表6实施例3试验设计分组
本实施例中ACI的计算方式与实施例1中相同。
本实施例的试验结果如表7所示。
表7实施例3试验结果
临床症状
用药组3、地克珠利和空白对照组均无血便,采食、饮水无明显异常;用药组1和2有少量血粪排出。
由上述结果说明,松萝酸钠的对鸡球虫病的治疗效果与施用的剂量有关,但是少量的松萝酸钠仍可以对鸡球虫病起到一定的治疗,预防和缓解作用。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
Claims (8)
1.松萝酸及其盐制剂在制备抗鸡球虫药物或饲料添加剂中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的松萝酸及其盐制剂在制备抗鸡球虫药物或饲料添加剂中的应用,其特征在于,所述松萝酸来源于松萝。
3.一种抗鸡球虫药物,其特征在于,所述药物包括松萝酸和/或松萝酸盐及制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的抗鸡球虫药物,其特征在于,所述抗鸡球虫药物中的松萝酸来源于松萝。
5.一种用于抗鸡球虫的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂包括松萝酸和/或松萝酸盐及制剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于抗鸡球虫的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂中的松萝酸来源于松萝。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于抗鸡球虫的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂在饲料中的添加量以松萝酸和/或松萝酸盐的质量计为不少于0.015‰。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于抗鸡球虫的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂在饲料中的添加量以松萝酸和/或松萝酸盐的质量计为不少于0.05‰。
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