CN110101732B - 具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂及其制备方法与应用,该颗粒剂由菊茎叶挥发油、菊茎叶水提取物和菊茎叶乙醇提取物与适当的辅料组成。本发明通过大量试验筛选制备得到,采用具有改善肠道功能的天然菊茎叶多成分复配制备而成,实验结果表明该提取物具有良好的调节肠道菌群平衡、纠正紊乱的肠道代谢和营养价值,能够显著修复包括内毒素所致出血性坏死性肠炎、细菌性肠炎及溃疡性结肠炎等。本发明提供的制备方法简单、便捷,自动化程度高,以菊茎叶为原料,变废为宝,能很好地保留原料中的有效成分,无毒副作用,可以用于畜牧养殖的饲料添加剂,或用于制备功能性饲料,具有重要的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
毒素、病原微生物感染和慢性炎症刺激所致肠炎严重影响和制约畜牧养殖业的发展,目前实践中多采用低剂量抗生素饲喂法降低经济动物病害发生及短期肥育的目的。长期抗生素使用已经造成水源和土壤的污染,同时抗生素滥用导致的耐药菌的出现严重威胁人类健康。目前,全球范围内均出台各项政策限制抗生素的使用。中药及天然产物富含多种类型的化学成分,提供了丰富的候选化合物库,天然产物由于作用途径和作用靶点的多样性,不易产生耐药性,因此,从中药和天然产物中寻找抗生素的替代成分是可持续、绿色发展的重要出路。
菊茎叶为菊科植物菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)的茎和叶,据本草记载,菊“疗腰痛来去陶陶,除肠中烦热,安肠胃,利五脏,调四肢”,结合“茎叶根实并同”的本草记载,可知菊茎叶可安肠胃,用于调节肠功能紊乱。此外,《中药大辞典》和《中华本草》记载菊叶味辛、甘,性平,具有解毒消肿的功效,治疔疮、痈疽。统计数据显示,我国每年在药用菊花的采收、加工过程中,约有5万吨菊茎叶被废弃或粉碎后直接还田。由于菊茎叶中富含黄酮类和酚酸类等抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒类活性成分,直接还田后该类成分不仅作为化感和自毒物质直接引起菊种植的连作障碍;同时改变土壤中的菌群结构和微生态,进一步通过植物—微生物间的互作影响菊的生长、发展和代谢。
菊茎叶含有丰富的挥发油、叶绿素、纤维素、氨基酸和核苷酸类等营养成分,可以作为动物的青储,因此综合考虑将菊茎叶资源作为一个整体,提取其中的挥发油、水提取物以及乙醇提取物,并将其复配制备菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂。该颗粒剂兼具挥发油类成分的抗菌抗病毒活性,水溶性多糖等成分的免疫调节、肠道调理活性,以及脂溶性黄酮类、酚酸类成分的抗菌、抗炎、免疫调剂等活性,可用于畜牧养殖中的饲料添加剂或功能性饲料。既能够充分释放菊资源价值,通过综合利用将其吃干榨净,同时有利用畜牧养殖业的绿色可持续健康发展,具有重要的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的在于提供一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,其具有良好的调节肠道菌群平衡、纠正紊乱的肠道代谢和营养价值,能够显著修复包括内毒素所致出血性坏死性肠炎、细菌性肠炎及溃疡性结肠炎等。本发明的另一目的是提供上述菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂的制备方法和应用。
技术方案:为了实现以上目的,本发明所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂采取的技术方案为:
一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,其特征在于,它包括菊茎叶挥发油、菊茎叶水提取物和菊茎叶乙醇提取物。
作为优选方案,所述所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,它是由下列方法制备得到:
(1)取新鲜菊茎叶,粉碎,采用水蒸气蒸馏法、脂吸法、浸泡法、冷冻压榨法、化学溶剂萃取法、二氧化碳萃取法等制备挥发油备用;
(2)收集上述水蒸气蒸馏残液备用,将其残渣或其他挥发油萃余物残渣中加入5-20倍水,浸泡,加热煎煮3次,过滤,滤液待用;
(3)取上述滤渣,加入5-20倍量95%乙醇浸泡,加热煎煮3次,过滤,滤液待用;
(4)分别将(2)滤液和(3)滤液减压浓缩至稠膏状,加入适量辅料,混合均匀,制成软材,过尼龙筛制粒,并整粒,将第(1)项挥发油喷入干颗粒,静置存放、过滤、灌装、包装即得。
作为特别优选方案,以上所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,步骤(1)中菊茎叶挥发油采用水蒸气蒸馏法。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,步骤(1)中菊茎叶挥发油可以为水蒸气蒸馏法制备条件为:料水比1:15、温度为110℃、蒸馏时间为4小时。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,步骤(2)中菊茎叶水提取物的制备条件为:向步骤(1)水蒸气蒸馏残渣加入10倍水,浸泡30分钟,加热煎煮2小时;第2次加8倍量水,煎煮1.5小时;第三次加6倍量水,煎煮45分钟;合并3次煎煮液和步骤(1)水蒸气蒸馏残液,静置,上清液过200目筛,滤液减压浓缩至稠膏状。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,步骤(3)中菊茎叶乙醇提取物制备条件为:取步骤(2)水提取物滤渣,加入10倍量95%乙醇浸泡30分钟,加热煎煮1小时;第2次加8倍量95%乙醇,煎煮1小时;第三次加6倍量95%乙醇,煎煮45分钟;合并3次乙醇煎煮液,静置,上清液过200目筛,滤液减压浓缩至稠膏状。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,步骤(4)中所述的辅料为乳糖、淀粉、可压性淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、微晶纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、微粉硅胶、木糖醇中的一种或多种。作为特别优选方案,以上所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,步骤(4)中所述的辅料为糖粉。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,步骤(4)中菊茎叶挥发油、菊茎叶水提取物和菊茎叶乙醇提取物的总百分含量为10~30%,辅料的百分含量为70~90%。
作为特别优选方案,以上所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,步骤(4)由百分含量为1%的菊茎叶挥发油,百分含量为5%的菊茎叶水提取物,百分含量为10%的菊茎叶乙醇提取物,百分含量为84%的糖粉组成。
作为优选方案,以上所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,步骤(4)制备条件如下:分别将步骤(2)的菊茎叶水提取物和步骤(3)的菊茎叶乙醇提取物中加入6倍量糖粉,混合均匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,将步骤(1)菊茎叶挥发油喷入干颗粒,并封闭存放30分钟。
本发明所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂在调节肠道菌群平衡、纠正紊乱的肠道代谢及补充肠道营养中的应用。
本发明所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂在制备防治出血性坏死性肠炎中的应用。
本发明所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂在制备防治细菌性肠炎中的应用。
本发明所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂在制备防治溃疡性结肠炎中的应用。
本发明的主要原料具有的特性和功能是:
菊茎叶挥发油:菊茎叶挥发油富含具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎活性成分,且香型淡雅清新,具有特殊的香味,可作为天然的防腐剂和掩味剂,因此本品无需额外添加防腐剂。气相色谱-质谱联用技术GC-MS对其化学成分分析可知:其富含烃类、萜类、芳香化合物、醇类、酮类、酯类、醛类、醚类等成分,如樟脑camphor、龙脑Borneol、菊烯酮chrysanthenone、菊烯酮乙酸酯trans-Chrysanthenyl acetate、α-荜澄茄油烯α-Cubebene、喇叭茶醇Ledol、橙花叔醇Nerolidol、龙脑乙酸酯、α-金合欢烯α-Farnesene、β-金合欢烯β-Farnesene、α-石竹烯α-Caryophyllene、百里香酚Thymol、α-萜品烯醇α-terpinolene等单萜类和倍半萜类及其含氧衍生物。
菊茎叶水提取物:前期研究表明菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂中的精制多糖类成分可明显降低小鼠结肠组织中IL-17、TNF-a和IFN-γ含量,具有很好的防治结肠炎的功效。本发明中的菊茎叶水提取物既保留该类多糖类成分,同时保留菊茎叶中的单、寡糖类成分及氨基酸和核苷类成分,营养丰富,适口性佳。
菊茎叶乙醇提取物:前期研究表明菊茎叶乙醇提取物中富含芹菜素、槲皮素等黄酮类成分,以及绿原酸、异绿原酸、咖啡酸等酚酸类成分。研究表明,槲皮素能够显著抑制四癸酰基佛波酯引起的小鼠耳肿胀;芹菜素局部用药也具有抗炎作用,可以减轻过敏性接触性皮炎;绿原酸能够分别激活大鼠上皮内淋巴细胞以及肠道固有层淋巴细胞,外周血以及派伊尔结中的单核细胞和淋巴细胞,调节IFN-γ和TNF-α的分泌,发挥免疫调节作用。因此,菊茎叶乙醇提取物具有抗炎和免疫调节作用。
有益效果:本发明提供的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分提取物颗粒剂,依据中药药性理论,并结合现代药理研究成果,通过大量实验筛选得到,其由菊茎叶的挥发油部位、菊茎叶水提取物部位和菊茎叶乙醇提取物部位为主要原料复配制成。实验结果表明,本发明提供的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂可以治疗出血性坏死性肠炎、细菌性肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎等多种肠道疾病,能够显著减少炎症指标、脏器载菌量,增加体重、结肠长度,同时改善结肠形态、减轻便血症状。在治疗内毒素所致出血性坏死性肠炎的应用中,本发明提供的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂能够减少血清促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6,增加抗炎因子IL-10的含量,从而显著改善出血性坏死性肠炎动物的生存状态。在对沙门氏菌感染所致小鼠肠炎的治疗中,本发明所提供的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂可以显著增加细菌感染动物的体重,降低动物血清炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的水平,同时能够显著降低细菌感染动物的肝脏和脾脏的载菌量,通过抗菌、抗炎作用改善细菌感染所致的肠道损伤。在对硫酸葡聚糖所致小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的防治中,本发明提供的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂能够显著增加体重,一定程度地改善粪便性状和便血评分,但无显著性差异;同时显著增加结肠长度,显著改善结肠的充血、水肿、糜烂和溃疡的情况。本发明提供的制备方法工艺路线简单,自动化程度高,能充分保留菊茎叶原料中各种类型的有效成分,无毒副作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。
本发明所述的药材和乙醇用量均指得是重量体积比。乙醇均指的是体积浓度。
实施例1
1、一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,其由以下重量百分比的提取物和辅料组成:菊茎叶挥发油1%,菊茎叶水提取物1.6%,菊茎叶乙醇提取物13.4%,糖粉84%。将上述除挥发油之外的几种原料用搅拌器混匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,喷入1%的菊茎叶挥发油并封闭存放30分钟,静置、灌装、密封,4℃冰箱贮藏。用于灌胃给药,用时充分摇匀。
2、具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)取新鲜菊茎叶,粉碎,加入15倍量的纯水,采用水蒸气蒸馏装置加热回流提取挥发油成分,温度为110℃,蒸馏时间为4小时,得到菊茎叶挥发油;
(2)收集上述水蒸气蒸馏残液备用,将其残渣中加入10倍水,浸泡30分钟,加热煎煮2小时;过滤,取滤渣再加8倍量水,煎煮1.5小时,过滤,取滤渣;第三次加6倍量水,煎煮45分钟;合并3次煎煮液以及水蒸气蒸馏残液,静置,上清液过200目筛,滤液减压浓缩至稠膏状,即为菊茎叶水提取物;
(3)取上述水提取物滤渣,加入10倍量95%乙醇浸泡30分钟,加热煎煮1小时,过滤,得滤液,取药渣再加8倍量95%乙醇,煎煮1小时,过滤,得滤液,取药渣,再加6倍量95%乙醇,煎煮45分钟;合并3次乙醇煎煮液,静置,上清液过200目筛,滤液减压浓缩至稠膏状,即为菊茎叶乙醇提取物;
(4)分别将步骤(2)菊茎叶水提取物和步骤(3)菊茎叶乙醇提取物,加入6倍量糖粉,混合均匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,将步骤(1)项挥发油喷入干颗粒,并封闭存放30分钟,静置、灌装、密封,4℃冰箱贮藏,用于灌胃给药,用时充分摇匀。
实施例2
一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,其由以下重量百分比的提取物和辅料组成:菊茎叶挥发油1%,菊茎叶水提取物3%,菊茎叶乙醇提取物12%,糖粉84%。将上述几种原料用搅拌器混匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,喷入1%的菊茎叶挥发油并封闭存放30分钟,静置、灌装、密封,4℃冰箱贮藏。
其中菊茎叶挥发油,菊茎叶水提取物及菊茎叶乙醇提取物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,其由以下重量百分比的提取物和辅料组成:菊茎叶挥发油1%,菊茎叶水提取物5%,菊茎叶乙醇提取物10%,糖粉84%。将上述几种原料用搅拌器混匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,喷入1%的菊茎叶挥发油并封闭存放30分钟,静置、灌装、密封,4℃冰箱贮藏。
菊茎叶挥发油、菊茎叶水提取物及菊茎叶乙醇提取物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,其由以下重量百分比的提取物和辅料组成:菊茎叶挥发油1%,菊茎叶水提取物7.5%,菊茎叶乙醇提取物7.5%,糖粉84%。将上述几种原料用搅拌器混匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,喷入2%的菊茎叶挥发油并封闭存放30分钟,静置、灌装、密封,4℃冰箱贮藏。
菊茎叶挥发油、菊茎叶水提取物及菊茎叶乙醇提取物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,其由以下重量百分比的提取物和辅料组成:菊茎叶挥发油1%,菊茎叶水提取物10%,菊茎叶乙醇提取物5%,糖粉84%。将上述几种原料用搅拌器混匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,喷入1%的菊茎叶挥发油并封闭存放30分钟,静置、灌装、密封,4℃冰箱贮藏。
菊茎叶挥发油、菊茎叶水提取物及菊茎叶乙醇提取物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例6
一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,其由以下重量百分比的提取物和辅料组成:菊茎叶挥发油1%,菊茎叶水提取物12%,菊茎叶乙醇提取物3%,糖粉84%。将上述几种原料用搅拌器混匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,喷入1%的菊茎叶挥发油并封闭存放30分钟,静置、灌装、密封,4℃冰箱贮藏。
菊茎叶挥发油、菊茎叶水提取物及菊茎叶乙醇提取物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例7
一种具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂,其由以下重量百分比的提取物和辅料组成:菊茎叶挥发油1%,菊茎叶水提取物13.4%,菊茎叶乙醇提取物1.6%,糖粉84%。将上述几种原料用搅拌器混匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,喷入1%的菊茎叶挥发油并封闭存放30分钟,静置、灌装、密封,4℃冰箱贮藏。
菊茎叶挥发油和菊茎叶水提取物及菊茎叶乙醇提取物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例8内毒素致兔出血性坏死性肠炎药效实验
1、药品
脂多糖(纯度≥99%),购自百灵威生物科技有限公司,临用前以生理盐水制成混悬液。菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂临用前以0.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠制成混悬液。
2、试剂
兔肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和兔白介素IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10测试盒,购于南京建成生物工程研究所。羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na),分析纯,购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。脂多糖(LPS)购自Sigma化学试剂有限公司(St.Louis,MO,USA)。
3、实验动物
新西兰兔,普通级,雄性;体重1.90±0.1Kg,8周,购于南京市江宁区青龙山动物繁殖场,实验动物合格证编号:NO.201701606,动物生产许可证号:SCXK(苏)2012-0008。所有兔饲养条件一致,笼养,自由摄食摄水,通风良好;温度20~25℃,相对湿度40~70%;换气10~20次/小时;每日12h/12h交替照明。
4、实验方法
4.1动物分组
新西兰兔,适应饲养一周后,随机分组,分别为空白组,模型组,各给药组。给药组给予本发明实施例1~7制备得到的菊茎叶全成分颗粒剂,0.5g/Kg体重;阳性药给盐酸小檗碱,0.029g/Kg体重。均采取灌胃给药方式,空白对照组和模型组同时给予同体积CMC-Na溶液,各给药组按10ml/Kg剂量灌胃给药,每天一次,连续一周。
4.2操作步骤
按照上述分组情况及给药方法进行预防给药,末次给药后末次给药后1h后,麻醉,切开腹壁暴露腹腔,分离肠系膜上动脉。空白组仅暴露腹腔1h,其余各组以动脉夹钳夹肠系膜上动脉1h后,放开动脉夹,小肠浆膜下注射LPS,1mg/kg。注射LPS后24h,耳缘静脉注射2%利多卡因进行麻醉,颈动脉取血,于4℃以1500rpm离心10min,收集血清迅速保存于-80℃冰箱中备用。
5.实验结果
取兔血清,分别按照各个试剂盒操作说明测定兔血清中的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10的含量。结果表明各实施例均能显著降低LPS注射导致的血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的水平,同时显著提高抗炎因子IL-10的含量,其效果与阳性药盐酸小檗碱相当,且各实施例对IL-10的作用优于小檗碱(表1)。在上述指标中,通过对比发现,实施例3对三个炎症因子的抑制作用最强,综合考虑实施例3对内毒素LPS致兔出血性坏死性肠炎的抗炎效果最佳。
表1内毒素致兔出血性肠炎模型血清生化数据
组别 | TNF-α(ng/ml) | IL-1β(ng/ml) | IL-6(ng/ml) | IL-10(ng/ml) |
空白对照组 | 158.47±19.73 | 939.60±89.87 | 9161.09±823.51 | 265.89±26.11 |
模型组 | 393.03±35.54<sup>**</sup> | 2389.70±218.60<sup>**</sup> | 22647.89±2020.39<sup>**</sup> | 143.78±14.73<sup>**</sup> |
实施例1 | 238.77±28.02<sup>##</sup> | 1321.13±120.89<sup>##</sup> | 14185.30±1252.73<sup>##</sup> | 248.74±25.27<sup>#</sup> |
实施例2 | 233.54±24.01<sup>##</sup> | 1387.74±130.44<sup>##</sup> | 12079.77±1165.12<sup>##</sup> | 243.23±22.07<sup>#</sup> |
实施例3 | 202.14±24.75<sup>##</sup> | 1282.34±121.22<sup>##</sup> | 10500.35±11111.51<sup>##</sup> | 256.78±18.48<sup>##</sup> |
实施例4 | 278.91±25.75<sup>#</sup> | 1681.20±159.68<sup>#</sup> | 15976.26±1419.21<sup>#</sup> | 241.67±23.56<sup>#</sup> |
实施例5 | 284.88±29.12<sup>#</sup> | 1627.61±150.30<sup>#</sup> | 16208.12±0.10<sup>#</sup> | 234.11±21.88<sup>#</sup> |
实施例6 | 248.88±26.77<sup>#</sup> | 1659.16±149.17<sup>#</sup> | 15129.23±1340.97<sup>#</sup> | 256.02±27.85<sup>##</sup> |
实施例7 | 257.28±25.00<sup>#</sup> | 1580.77±134.71<sup>#</sup> | 14642.72±1296.14<sup>#</sup> | 237.04±22.07<sup>#</sup> |
阳性对照组 | 195.62±18.35<sup>##</sup> | 1563.61±148.72<sup>#</sup> | 10875.83±929.16<sup>##</sup> | 157.09±14.44 |
与空白对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01。与模型组比较,#p<0.05,##p<0.01。
实施例9沙门菌致小鼠肠炎药效实验
1、菌种及样品
肠沙门氏菌肠亚种鼠伤寒血清型Salmonella enterica subsp.entericaserovar Typhimurium,菌种编号为CICC 10420,购自中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心。采用如下配方的CM0002的培养基进行常规培养:蛋白胨5.0g,牛肉浸取物3.0g,NaCl 5.0g,琼脂15.0g,蒸馏水1.0L,pH 7.0;培养温度为37℃,传代3代待其菌种状态稳定后进行扩大培养。接种量为2%,摇瓶转速为250rpm,待菌液OD600值为2-3左右时收集菌液,3000rpm离心得菌体待用。菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂由本发明实施例1-7制得,临用前均以0.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠制成混悬液。
2、试剂
肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)测试盒,均购于南京建成生物工程研究所。试剂4℃冰箱贮藏,用于测定血清样品。盐酸小檗碱片购自华中药业股份有限公司。
3、实验动物
ICR小鼠,雄性,100只;体重21.0±1.0g,7w,购于南京市江宁区青龙山动物繁育场,SPF级,实验动物合格证编号:NO.201603048,动物生产许可证号:SCXK(苏)2012-0004;饲养环境条件:屏障环境系统:应用于SPF级小鼠饲养;温湿度:温度20~25℃,相对湿度40~70%;换气次数:10~20次/小时;照明时间:每日12h/12h交替照明;清扫及消毒:试验期间每日消毒地面、台面和墙面,消毒剂为新洁而灭、来苏尔、乙醇交替使用。
4、实验方法
4.1动物分组及给药剂量
雄性icr小鼠,适应饲养一周后,随机分组,分别为空白组,模型组,各给药组。给药组灌胃本发明实施例1~7制备得到的菊茎叶全成分颗粒剂(1.5g/Kg体重),阳性药组灌胃盐酸小檗碱(0.086g/kg体重),空白对照组和模型组灌胃同体积CMC-Na溶液。
4.2操作步骤
按照上述分组及给药方法进行预防给药,每天灌胃给药一次,连续一周。末次给药2h后,除空白组外,其他各组小鼠以5ml/Kg体重灌胃肠炎沙门菌菌液,菌体以无菌生理盐水调整浓度为5*104CFU/ml;空白对照组灌胃等量生理盐水。造模5天后,摘眼球取血并脱颈椎处死,取肝脏和脾脏,冰生理盐水洗涤,按1:9的量加入无菌的磷酸缓冲液进行组织匀浆(每g组织加入9ml磷酸缓冲液)。1500rpm离心10min(4℃)取上清,稀释至合适浓度后涂布平板,进行组织载菌量测试,并计算每单位组织重量的菌落数。血液静置0.5小时,3000rpm离心10min(4℃)取上清,按照试剂盒说明测定血清TNF-α和IL-6含量。
5、实验结果
从表2可以看出,造模5天后,模型组小鼠体重显著下降,各实施例组小鼠的体重相比模型组均有显著增加。检测各组小鼠血清中炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6可知,相比空白组模型组小鼠血清中炎症因子显著增加,各实施例组均能够显著下降上述炎症指标。通过检测肝脏和脾脏的载菌量可知,造模5天后模型组小鼠肝脏和脾脏细菌载量急剧增加,各实施例组能够显著降低肝脏和脾脏中的细菌含量,且实施例3对肝脏载菌量的抑制作用优于阳性药。综合考虑各实施例组的体重变化、血清炎症因子含量及脏、脾脏的载菌量,实施例3对沙门菌致小鼠肠炎的防治效果最优。
表2沙门菌致小鼠肠炎模型体重、血清生化及脏器载菌量数据
与空白对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01。与模型组比较,#p<0.05,##p<0.01。
实施例10硫酸葡聚糖致小鼠溃疡性结肠炎药效实验
1、样品
硫酸葡聚糖钠盐(Dextran sulfate,DSS),分子量35000-45000,购自上海翊圣生物科技有限公司;菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂1-7临用前均以0.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠制成混悬液。隐血试验试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。
2、实验动物
ICR小鼠,雄性,100只,体重21.0±1.0g。购于扬州大学比较医学中心,SPF级,实验动物合格证编号:NO.201701562,动物生产许可证号:SCXK(苏)2012-0004;饲养环境同
实施例9。
3、实验方法
3.1动物分组及给药剂量
动物分组及给药剂量同实施例9。
3.2操作步骤
动物适应性饲养一周后,采用预防给药方式,每天灌胃给药一次,连续一周。给药一周后,除空白组饮用纯净水外,其他各组小鼠自由饮用新鲜配制的3%的硫酸葡聚糖溶液(每100ml水中加入3g DSS),连续7天,7天后所有小鼠均恢复饮用纯净水。14天造模结束后,对粪便性状进行评分,同时用隐血试验试剂盒进行便血评分:粪便性状正常计0分,软但成形计1分,未成形便计2分,稀便计3分;血便情况潜血阴性计0分,潜血阳性计1分,便中带血计2分,血便计3分。脱颈椎处死小鼠后,迅速摘取整个结肠和直肠,取肛门至回盲部的结肠,测量其长度后沿肠系膜连接处纵行剪开,观察结肠组织进行形态学评分:外观正常,无充血、水肿、溃疡等表现计0分,每处局部出血或水肿计1分,每处散在的溃疡或糜烂计2分。
4、实验结果
除空白组外,其他各组小鼠在DSS造模后均有所下降,各给药组相比空白组体重均显著增加。模型组小鼠均出现稀便和血便,阳性药的粪便性状和便血均显著降低,各给药组稀便程度和便血评分均有不同程度地好转,但无显著性差异。相比空白组,模型组小鼠结肠长度明显缩短,给药后结肠长度均有不同程度的增加,且以实施例3增加最显著。相比空白组,模型组小鼠结肠颜色发暗,近肛门端可见明显的充血、水肿,及散在的糜烂和溃疡;上述症状在给药后均得到有效的缓解,无明显的糜烂和溃疡,仅见散在的充血或水肿。结合体重变化、粪便性状、便血评分、结肠长度和结肠形态综合考虑,实施例3对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的防治效果较佳。
组别 | 体重(g) | 粪便性状 | 便血评分 | 结肠长度(cm) | 结肠形态 |
空白对照组 | 29.63±2.25 | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 | 8.01±0.56 | 0.00±0.00 |
模型组 | 18.23±2.02<sup>**</sup> | 3.00±0.00<sup>**</sup> | 3.00±0.00<sup>**</sup> | 5.34±0.64<sup>**</sup> | 6.33±0.82<sup>**</sup> |
实施例1 | 23.96±2.27<sup>##</sup> | 2.67±0.52 | 2.50±0.55 | 5.83±0.85 | 3.50±0.55<sup>##</sup> |
实施例2 | 25.10±2.65<sup>##</sup> | 2.83±0.41 | 2.50±0.84 | 6.98±0.66<sup>#</sup> | 2.83±0.76<sup>##</sup> |
实施例3 | 27.22±2.55<sup>##</sup> | 2.50±0.55 | 2.17±0.75 | 7.24±0.56<sup>#</sup> | 2.33±0.51<sup>##</sup> |
实施例4 | 25.92±2.34<sup>##</sup> | 2.83±0.41 | 2.33±0.82 | 6.97±0.59<sup>#</sup> | 2.67±0.52<sup>##</sup> |
实施例5 | 24.85±2.15<sup>##</sup> | 2.67±0.52 | 2.16±0.41<sup>#</sup> | 6.67±0.72 | 2.83±0.41<sup>##</sup> |
实施例6 | 23.93±2.08<sup>##</sup> | 2.50±0.55 | 2.16±0.76 | 6.02±0.53 | 3.17±0.76<sup>##</sup> |
实施例7 | 24.87±2.90<sup>##</sup> | 2.67±0.52 | 2.33±0.52 | 5.69±0.79 | 3.33±0.52<sup>##</sup> |
阳性对照组 | 27.88±2.70<sup>##</sup> | 2.33±0.52<sup>#</sup> | 1.00±0.64<sup>##</sup> | 7.44±0.86<sup>#</sup> | 2.00±0.63<sup>##</sup> |
与空白对照组比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01。与模型组比较,#p<0.05,##p<0.01。
以上实验结果表明,本发明提供的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂可以保护多种原因导致的肠道炎症,通过作为饲料添加剂或制备功能饲料能够有效预防和缓解多种原因引起的急、慢性肠炎,尤其是出血性坏死性肠炎、细菌性肠炎和溃疡性结肠炎。
在治疗内毒素所致出血性坏死性肠炎的应用中,本发明提供的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂能够减少血清促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6,增加抗炎因子IL-10的含量,从而显著改善出血性坏死性肠炎动物的生存状态。
在对沙门氏菌感染所致小鼠肠炎的治疗中,本发明所提供的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂可以显著增加细菌感染动物的体重,降低动物血清炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的水平,同时能够显著降低细菌感染动物的肝脏和脾脏的载菌量,通过抗菌、抗炎作用改善细菌感染所致的肠道损伤。在对硫酸葡聚糖所致小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的防治中,本发明提供的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂能够显著增加体重,一定程度地改善粪便性状和便血评分;同时显著增加结肠长度,显著改善结肠的充血、水肿、糜烂和溃疡的情况,从而改善硫酸葡聚糖所致的结肠损伤。
本发明提供的制备方法工艺路线简单,自动化程度高,能充分保留菊茎叶原料中各种类型的有效成分,无毒副作用,是一种绿色安全的饲料添加剂,无不良反应。通过不同配比的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂抗肠炎活性比较可知,实施例3颗粒剂的抗肠炎活性最强,即菊茎叶挥发油1%、水提取物5%、乙醇提取物10%、糖粉84%的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂防治出血性坏死性肠炎、细菌性肠炎和溃疡性结肠炎效果最佳。
并且本发明实施例3的颗粒剂与相同剂量的实施例1得到的菊茎叶挥发油、菊茎叶水提取物、菊茎叶乙醇提取物药效学相比,具有显著性差异(p<0.01),也表明本发明采用菊茎叶挥发油和菊茎叶水提取物及菊茎叶乙醇提取物的适当配比显示出了很好的协同增效的作用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂在制备防治出血性坏死性肠炎的饲料添加剂及功能饲料中的应用;
所述的具有改善肠道功能的菊茎叶多成分颗粒剂由以下重量百分比的提取物和辅料组成:菊茎叶挥发油1%,菊茎叶水提取物5%,菊茎叶乙醇提取物10%,糖粉84%;
将上述重量百分比的菊茎叶水提取物,菊茎叶乙醇提取物和糖粉用搅拌器混匀,加入70%乙醇少许,制成软材,过14目尼龙筛制粒,湿颗粒于60 ℃干燥,缓慢地搅拌下,喷入1%的菊茎叶挥发油并封闭存放30分钟,静置、灌装、密封,4 ℃冰箱贮藏;
菊茎叶挥发油是通过以下方法制备得到的:取新鲜菊茎叶,粉碎,加入15倍量的纯水,采用水蒸气蒸馏装置加热回流提取挥发油成分,温度为110 ℃,蒸馏时间为4小时,得到菊茎叶挥发油;
菊茎叶水提取物是通过以下方法制备得到的:收集上述水蒸气蒸馏残液备用,将其残渣中加入10倍水,浸泡30分钟,加热煎煮2小时;过滤,取滤渣再加8倍量水,煎煮1.5小时,过滤,取滤渣;第三次加6倍量水,煎煮45分钟;合并3次煎煮液以及水蒸气蒸馏残液,静置,上清液过200目筛,滤液减压浓缩至稠膏状,即为菊茎叶水提取物;
菊茎叶乙醇提取物是通过以下方法制备得到的:取上述水提取物滤渣,加入10倍量95%乙醇浸泡30分钟,加热煎煮1小时,过滤,得滤液,取药渣再加8倍量95%乙醇,煎煮1小时,过滤,得滤液,取药渣,再加6倍量95%乙醇,煎煮45分钟;合并3次乙醇煎煮液,静置,上清液过200目筛,滤液减压浓缩至稠膏状,即为菊茎叶乙醇提取物。
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