CN114540326B - 一种镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面粉加工品质中的应用 - Google Patents
一种镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面粉加工品质中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114540326B CN114540326B CN202210087593.4A CN202210087593A CN114540326B CN 114540326 B CN114540326 B CN 114540326B CN 202210087593 A CN202210087593 A CN 202210087593A CN 114540326 B CN114540326 B CN 114540326B
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Abstract
本发明公开一种镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面粉加工品质中的应用,属于基因工程和谷物科学领域。本发明采用真核表达的方法,获得了具有生物活性的重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶,具有表达量高,纯化简便,易于放大,适合工业化应用等特点。本发明提供了一种单独添加镰刀菌木聚糖酶改善面粉加工品质的方法,直接添加镰刀菌木聚糖酶能改善面团的微观结构,显著增加全麦面包的比容,降低全麦面包的硬度和咀嚼性,提高全麦面包的品质,是一种潜在的面粉改良剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程和谷物科学领域,具体涉及一种毕赤酵母重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶及其制备方法,以及毕赤酵母重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面粉加工品质中的应用。
背景技术
近年来,我国的烘焙行业发展迅猛,以面包为代表的烘焙产品正逐渐成为人们餐桌上的选择。为了提高烘焙产品的质量,很长一段时间内,人们使用的是一些化学添加剂,如过氧化苯甲酰、溴酸钾、偶氮甲酰胺和过氧化钙等。但食品添加剂的安全性问题一直为人们所担忧,许多的违法添加甚至导致人们谈“添加剂”色变。与此相对,酶制剂不仅能提高烘焙产品的品质,而且具有绿色、天然、安全等优点,能够在提高产品品质的基础上同时增强产品的安全性。
木聚糖酶的来源较为广泛,但是用于改善面制品加工品质的木聚糖酶主要来自于枯草芽孢杆菌、长枝木霉、剌孢曲霉和棉状嗜热丝孢菌。他们能够将小麦面粉中的水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖水解为可溶性阿拉伯木聚糖,水不溶性阿拉伯木聚糖对于面粉的加工品质具有负面影响,而可溶性阿拉伯木聚糖对于面粉的加工品质具有积极地影响。近些年来,人们一直在挖掘酶学性质优良的新型木聚糖酶,用于提高面粉的加工品质。
镰刀菌木聚糖酶是一种水解酶,可催化木聚糖水解成短链木糖,随着水解的进行,这些短链木糖进一步水解为木三糖,木二糖和木糖。镰刀菌木聚糖酶也是一种潜在的面粉改良剂,目前有关镰刀菌木聚糖酶的研究主要集中于基因鉴定,分子克隆等方面,对于其应用于改善面制品品质尚未见报道。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面粉加工品质中的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
本发明提供一种镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面粉加工品质中的应用,特别是单独添加以镰刀菌木聚糖酶为主的酶制剂在改善面粉加工品质中的应用。
具体的,镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面团及面包品质中的应用。
单独添加镰刀菌木聚糖酶即能达到改善面包烘焙品质的目的。
所述的镰刀菌木聚糖酶在面粉中的添加水平为5ppm~20ppm(面粉基),进一步为15ppm~20ppm(面粉基),可以提高面包的比容,降低面包的硬度和咀嚼性。
所述的镰刀菌木聚糖酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。本发明还提供了编码镰刀菌木聚糖酶的DNA分子,其碱基序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
优选的,将镰刀菌木聚糖酶、面粉、糖、盐、植物油、酵母粉和水搅拌均匀,形成的面团经分割称重、成形以及醒发后,焙烤得到面包成品;
进一步的,所述各组分添加量为:面粉90~110重量份,酵母粉0.6~1.8重量份,盐1~3重量份,水50~70重量份,糖5~10重量份,植物油2~5重量份。
所述的镰刀菌木聚糖酶可以通过对转化有真核重组表达载体的毕赤酵母进行发酵获得。
所述的真核重组表达载体为包含镰刀菌木聚糖酶基因的真核重组表达载体。
优选的,所述的真核重组表达载体的出发载体包括但不限于pPICZαA;
优选的,所述的毕赤酵母包括但不限于毕赤酵母X33。
所述的镰刀菌木聚糖酶的毕赤酵母重组表达方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)利用全基因合成的方法获得了密码子优化的镰刀菌木聚糖酶基因(序列如SEQID NO.2所示),将其与真核表达载体连接,将获得的真核重组表达载体转化到毕赤酵母感受态细胞中,获得重组表达菌;
所述的真核表达载体包括但不限于pPICZαA,所述的毕赤酵母包括但不限于毕赤酵母X33。
(2)将步骤(1)构建的重组表达菌接种至BMGY液体培养集中,过夜振荡培养;常温离心,收集菌体沉淀;将菌体沉淀转接至BMMY液体培养集中,转接后的菌液OD600为0.5~1.0;继续培养,期间每隔24h向培养基中添加甲醇至0.5%~2.0%v/v,固液分离后,收集发酵上清液;
(3)收集步骤(2)的发酵上清液,利用Ni-NTA柱层析,获得纯化的重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶蛋白。
所述的BMGY液体培养基包含胰蛋白胨20g/L、酵母提取物10g/L、甘油10mL/L、无氨基酵母氮源13.4g/L、磷酸盐0.1mol/L。
所述的BMMY液体培养基包含胰蛋白胨20g/L、酵母提取物10g/L、无氨基酵母氮源13.4g/L、磷酸盐0.1mol/L、甲醇10mL/L。
步骤(2)中,
所述的过夜振荡培养为25~35℃,150~250rpm条件下过夜振荡培养;进一步为30℃,250rpm条件下过夜振荡培养;
所述的常温离心的条件为2500~3000g条件下常温离心2~5min;进一步为3000g条件下常温离心2min。
所述的继续培养的条件为25~35℃,150~250rpm条件下继续培养24~144h;进一步为30℃,250rpm条件下继续培养24~144h;
优选的,添加甲醇至1.0%v/v。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)本发明采用真核表达的方法,获得了具有生物活性的重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶,具有表达量高,纯化简便,易于放大,适合工业化应用等特点。
(2)本发明提供了一种单独添加镰刀菌木聚糖酶改善面粉加工品质的方法,直接添加镰刀菌木聚糖酶能改善面团的微观结构,显著增加全麦面包的比容,降低全麦面包的硬度和咀嚼性,提高全麦面包的品质,是一种潜在的面粉改良剂。
附图说明
图1是实施例1重组表达质粒的双酶切结果;其中,泳道M:分子量Marker;泳道1:重组表达质粒双酶切产物。
图2是实施例2重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶Ni-NTA亲和层析后SDS-PAGE分析;其中,泳道M:分子量Marker;泳道1:经还原剂β-巯基乙醇处理;泳道2:无还原剂处理。
图3是实施例3重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶酶学性质法分析;其中,A:最适反应温度;B最适反应pH;C:温度稳定性;D:pH稳定性。
图4是实施例4中重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶对面团微观结构的影响;其中,A:对照组;B:5ppm;C:15ppm;D:20ppm;G代表面筋网络结构,S代表淀粉颗粒。
图5是实施例5中重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶对面包比容的影响;其中,实验重复3次,每一列不同上标字母表示差异性显著(p<0.05)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
下列实施例中未注明具体实验条件的试验方法,通常按照常规实验条件或按照制造厂所建议的实验条件。除有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种试剂、原料均为可以从市场上购买的商品或者可以通过公认的方法制得的产品。
实施例中所用的BMGY液体培养基包含胰蛋白胨20g/L、酵母提取物10g/L、甘油10mL/L、无氨基酵母氮源13.4g/L、磷酸盐0.1mol/L。
所用的BMMY液体培养基包含胰蛋白胨20g/L、酵母提取物10g/L、无氨基酵母氮源13.4g/L、磷酸盐0.1mol/L、甲醇10mL/L。
实施例1木聚糖酶基因密码子优化及克隆
利用全基因合成技术,合成了毕赤酵母密码子优化的镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporum)木聚糖酶的全基因序列。其中,镰刀菌木聚糖酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,编码镰刀菌木聚糖酶的碱基序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。之后利用EcoRI和NotI对镰刀菌木聚糖酶序列和载体质粒pPICZαA进行双酶切,并用T4DNA酶进行连接反应,连接产物转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞中。挑取单菌落,然后提取质粒电泳检测,并在-20℃保存质粒。再利用EcoRI与NotI酶切检测目的片段(图1),之后送质粒由公司进行测序,测序正确的质粒即为密码子优化的镰刀菌木聚糖酶重组表达质粒pPICZαA-fxyl。
实施例2木聚糖酶的诱导表达及纯化
1.诱导表达
将实施例1获得的上述重组表达载体pPICZαA-fxyl用SacI进行线性化,利用电转化的方法将其转化至宿主细胞毕赤酵母X33中。对转化的抗性筛选平板上的单菌落进行菌落PCR验证,确保外源基因的整合。接种筛选出来的毕赤酵母重组子于10mL BMGY液体培养基中,30℃,250rpm,振荡培养过夜;常温3000g离心2min后,收集菌体,将其转接至BMMY培养基中,转接后的菌液OD600为0.5~1.0;30℃,250rpm条件下继续培养24~144h,期间每隔24h取样并向培养基中添加甲醇至1.0%v/v,培养完成后,固液分离获得发酵上清液。SDS-PAGE分析表明,在24~144h的发酵时间内,该重组菌都能够诱导表达重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶。
2.亲和纯化
收集发酵上清液,然后使用AKTA蛋白纯化系统对获得的发酵上清液进行Ni-NTA柱层析。用含有100mM咪唑的20mM磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,用超滤管(Millipore)浓缩收集目标蛋白溶液,通过SDS-PAGE分析判断蛋白质纯度(图2)。结果表明通过Ni-NTA一步纯化,可以获得电泳纯的镰刀菌木聚糖酶目的蛋白。
实施例3木聚糖酶酶学性质测定
1.酶活力的测定
(1)绘制标准曲线
准确称取0.5g木糖,用pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液定容至100mL,获得5mg/mL木糖的溶液。取7支2mL的EP管,分别加入0.00mL,0.01mL,0.02mL,0.03mL,0.04mL,0.05mL,0.10mL木糖标准溶液,补加蒸馏水至0.5mL。分别取0.2mL木糖稀释液于2mL的EP管中,加入0.30mLDNS试剂并摇匀,立即置沸水中显色5min。冷却后取200μL于酶标板中,测定其在540nm下的吸光度值,以木糖含量为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标绘制标准曲线。
DNS试剂:用400mL蒸馏水溶解6.3g 3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS),逐步加入21g氢氧化钠,依次加入185g四水合酒石酸钾钠、5.0g苯酚、5.0g无水亚硫酸钠,温水浴(不超过48℃),不断搅拌,直至溶液清澈透明。用蒸馏水定容至1000mL,保存在棕色瓶中,与二氧化碳隔绝,静置5~7天后使用,贮存期为6个月。
(2)样品测定
将酶液适当稀释后,取0.1mL于2mL EP管中,加入0.1mL 1%山毛榉木聚糖底物,在45℃下准确反应10min,加入0.3mL DNS,沸水浴5分钟后在540nm下测定其吸光度,根据被测液的吸光度,由木糖标准曲线计算样品中的总还原糖的浓度,并计算木聚糖酶活。酶活性单位定义:在上述测定条件下,以每分钟水解底物生成1μmoL还原糖所需酶量定义为一个酶活性单位为1U。
2.酶学性质测定
按照上述酶活测定方法,测定实施例2所制备的重组木聚糖酶在不同的温度(30~60℃)下的酶活和不同pH(3.0~8.0)下的酶活,确定其最适反应温度和最适反应pH。将酶液分别置于不同温度(4℃~70℃)中保温1h后,测定其残余酶活力,确定其温度稳定性。将酶液置于不同pH(4.0~11.0)的缓冲液中,室温下处理12h,测定残余酶活性,以研究木聚糖酶的pH稳定性。所用缓冲液pH3.0~6.0范围内采用100mM柠檬酸盐缓冲液(Citrate buffer),pH6.0~8.0范围内采用100mM磷酸盐缓冲液(Phosphate buffer),pH8.0~9.0范围内采用100mM的Tris-HCl缓冲液(Tris-HCl buffer),pH9.0~11.0采用100mM甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲液(Glycine-NaOH buffer)。
结果表明,镰刀菌木聚糖酶的最适温度为45℃(图3A),最适反应pH为5.0(图3B);在温度小于40℃时处理1h,重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶能保持80%以上的酶活力(图3C);在pH7.0~10.0范围内室温处理12h,木聚糖酶能保持80%以上的酶活力(图3D)。
实施例4应用镰刀菌木聚糖酶改善面团的结构
1.面团的制备
将100g全面粉,58g纯净水,重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶(5ppm、15ppm、20ppm,面粉基)加入到和面钵中,搅拌后形成均匀的面团。将和好的面团置于30℃醒发30min后,收集面团进行冷冻干燥。以不加酶组为对照组。
2.面团的扫描电子显微镜分析
将冷冻干燥后的面团用用镊子掰开后获取含有自然断面的面团样品,并将其固定在含有导电胶的载物台上,用离子溅射仪对面团表面进行镀金。随后将载物台转移到Merlin高分辨场发射扫描电镜中,并在5.0kV的电压下观察,放大倍数为500倍。
从图4中可以看出,对照组(图4A)面团中淀粉颗粒(S)镶嵌在面筋网络结构(G)内外,但面筋网络结构并不发达,存在大量孔洞和断面。当添加重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶后,面筋网络结构的空洞与断面明显减少,面筋结构变得封闭、连续和均匀(图4B-4D)。表明,在镰刀菌木聚糖酶的作用下,全麦面团的微观结构得到改善。
实施例5应用重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶改善面包的比容
1.面包制备
面包烘焙的配方为:面粉100重量份,酵母粉1重量份,盐1.6重量份,水58重量份,糖6重量份,植物油3重量份,重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶。以不加酶组为对照组。
面包制备步骤为:将称量好的水、小麦粉(面粉)、白砂糖、食用盐、酵母粉和木聚糖酶加入到和面钵中,搅拌18min,使其形成均匀的面团。将和好的面团置于天平上,分成50g/个,揉成圆形,至于38℃发酵60min,发酵好的面团放入180℃烤箱中焙烤10min,得到面包成品。将制得的面包室温下冷却2h,测定面包的质量和体积。其中面包的体积采用菜籽替代法,比容为面包的体积/面包的质量。
结果表明(图5),与对照组相比,加入镰刀菌木聚糖酶后,面包比容增加,表明单独添加镰刀菌木聚糖酶可以提高面包的品质。
实施例6应用重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶改善面包的质构
1.面包制备
面包烘焙的配方为:面粉100重量份,酵母粉1重量份,盐1.6重量份,水58重量份,糖6重量份,植物油3重量份,重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶。以不加酶组为对照组。
面包制备步骤为:将称量好的水、小麦粉(面粉)、白砂糖、食用盐、酵母粉和木聚糖酶加入到和面钵中,搅拌18min,使其形成均匀的面团。将和好的面团置于天平上,分成50g/个,揉成圆形,至于38℃发酵60min,发酵好的面团放入180℃烤箱中焙烤10min,得到面包成品。将制得的面包室温下冷却2h,测量面包的质构。
面包质构测定条件为:面包切成2cm/块,采用P/25探头,测前和测试速度设置为1mm/s,测后速度设置为5mm/s,压缩比50%,下压间隔10s。记录面包的硬度和咀嚼性。
结果表明(表1),与对照组相比,加入镰刀菌木聚糖酶后,面包的硬度和咀嚼性显著性下降,弹性显著性增加,表明添加镰刀菌木聚糖酶可以提高面包的质构特性。
表1重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶对面包质构特性的影响
注:实验重复3次,每一列不同上标字母表示差异性显著(p<0.05)。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
序列表
<110> 华南理工大学
<120> 一种镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面粉加工品质中的应用
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 270
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 镰刀菌木聚糖酶的氨基酸序列
<400> 1
Ala Pro Ser Lys Glu Gly Leu Phe Ser Lys Ile Thr Lys Arg Ala Gly
1 5 10 15
Thr Pro Asn Ser Ser Gly Thr Asn Asn Gly Phe Tyr Tyr Ser Trp Trp
20 25 30
Ser Asp Gly Gly Ala Asp Ala Thr Tyr Thr Asn Gly Glu Gly Gly Ser
35 40 45
Tyr Ser Met Glu Trp Lys Asp Gly Gly Asn Val Val Gly Gly Lys Gly
50 55 60
Trp Ser Pro Gly Lys Ala Arg Thr Ile Ser Tyr Glu Gly Glu Tyr Lys
65 70 75 80
Pro Asn Gly Asn Ser Tyr Leu Ser Val Tyr Gly Trp Thr Arg Asn Pro
85 90 95
Leu Val Glu Tyr Tyr Ile Val Glu Ser Phe Gly Thr Tyr Asn Pro Ser
100 105 110
Ser Gly Ala Thr Lys Lys Gly Thr Val Glu Ala Asp Gly Ser Thr Tyr
115 120 125
Asp Ile Phe Glu Thr Thr Arg Thr Asn Ala Pro Ser Ile Asp Gly Thr
130 135 140
Gln Thr Phe Gln Gln Tyr Trp Ser Val Arg Gln Gln His Arg Ser Thr
145 150 155 160
Gly Ser Val Asp Thr Gly Leu His Phe Asp Ala Trp Glu Lys Ala Gly
165 170 175
Met Lys Leu Gly Thr His Asp Tyr Gln Ile Leu Ala Thr Glu Gly Tyr
180 185 190
Phe Ser Ser Gly Ser Ser His Met Thr Val Ser Glu Gly Ala Ser Ser
195 200 205
Gly Gly Gly Ala Gly Gly Ser Thr Gly Gly Asp Val Ser Gln Val Gly
210 215 220
Asp Ser Gln Gln Gly Gly Asp Ala Gln Gln Gly Gly Asn Gly Gln Gln
225 230 235 240
Gly Gly Asn Gly Asn Thr Phe Gln Gln Pro Gly Ser Glu Asn Gln Pro
245 250 255
Gln Gln Gln Glu Ile Asp Thr Gly Ala Asn Glu Pro Cys Gln
260 265 270
<210> 2
<211> 810
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> 编码镰刀菌木聚糖酶的DNA分子
<400> 2
gctccatcta aggaaggttt gttttctaag attactaaga gagctggaac tccaaactcc 60
tccggaacta acaacggatt ttactactct tggtggtccg atggaggtgc tgatgctact 120
tacactaacg gtgaaggagg ttcatactct atggaatgga aggatggagg taacgttgtt 180
ggaggaaagg gatggtcccc aggtaaggct agaactattt cctacgaagg tgaatacaag 240
ccaaacggta actcttactt gtcagtttac ggttggacta gaaacccatt ggttgaatac 300
tacattgttg aatcctttgg tacttacaac ccttcatccg gtgctactaa gaagggtact 360
gttgaagctg atggttccac ttacgatatt tttgaaacta ctagaactaa cgctccatct 420
attgatggaa ctcaaacttt tcaacaatac tggtctgtta gacaacaaca tagatccact 480
ggttcagttg atactggatt gcattttgat gcttgggaaa aggctggtat gaagttggga 540
actcatgatt accaaatttt ggctactgaa ggatactttt cttccggatc atcacacatg 600
actgtttccg aaggagcttc ttcaggtgga ggtgctggtg ggtcaactgg tggagatgtt 660
tcccaagttg gtgattctca acaaggtgga gatgctcaac aaggaggtaa cggtcaacaa 720
ggaggtaacg gtaacacttt tcaacaacca ggatcagaaa accaacctca acaacaagaa 780
attgatactg gagctaacga accatgtcaa 810
Claims (10)
1.镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面粉加工品质中的应用,其特征在于:所述的镰刀菌木聚糖酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:
单独添加以镰刀菌木聚糖酶为主的酶制剂在改善面粉加工品质中的应用。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:
镰刀菌木聚糖酶在改善面团及面包品质中的应用。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:
所述的镰刀菌木聚糖酶在面粉中的添加水平为5ppm~20ppm,面粉基。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:
所述的镰刀菌木聚糖酶在面粉中的添加水平为15ppm~20ppm,面粉基。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:
编码镰刀菌木聚糖酶的DNA分子,其碱基序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:
将镰刀菌木聚糖酶、面粉、糖、盐、植物油、酵母粉和水搅拌均匀,形成的面团经分割称重、成形以及醒发后,焙烤得到面包成品。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于:
所述的镰刀菌木聚糖酶通过对转化有真核重组表达载体的毕赤酵母进行发酵获得;
所述的真核重组表达载体为包含镰刀菌木聚糖酶基因的真核重组表达载体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于:
所述的镰刀菌木聚糖酶的毕赤酵母重组表达方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)利用全基因合成的方法获得了密码子优化的镰刀菌木聚糖酶基因,将其与真核表达载体连接,将获得的真核重组表达载体转化到毕赤酵母感受态细胞中,获得重组表达菌;
(2)将步骤(1)构建的重组表达菌接种至BMGY液体培养基中,过夜振荡培养;常温离心,收集菌体沉淀;将菌体沉淀转接至BMMY液体培养基中,转接后的菌液OD600为0.5~1.0;继续培养,期间每隔24h向培养基中添加甲醇至0.5%~2.0%v/v,固液分离后,收集发酵上清液;
(3)收集步骤(2)的发酵上清液,利用Ni-NTA柱层析,获得纯化的重组镰刀菌木聚糖酶蛋白。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中,所述的真核表达载体为pPICZαA,所述的毕赤酵母为毕赤酵母X33;
步骤(2)中,所述的过夜振荡培养为25~35℃,150~250rpm条件下过夜振荡培养;
步骤(2)中,所述的常温离心的条件为2500~3000g条件下常温离心2~5min;
步骤(2)中,所述的继续培养的条件为25~35℃,150~250rpm条件下继续培养24~144h。
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