CN114531991A - Coastal saline-alkali soil matrix improvement method - Google Patents
Coastal saline-alkali soil matrix improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114531991A CN114531991A CN202210125069.1A CN202210125069A CN114531991A CN 114531991 A CN114531991 A CN 114531991A CN 202210125069 A CN202210125069 A CN 202210125069A CN 114531991 A CN114531991 A CN 114531991A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 87
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Abstract
The invention discloses a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix improvement method which comprises the steps of (1) crushing air-dried plant straws, and paving the crushed plant straws on the surface of saline-alkali soil; (2) deeply ploughing and turning the soil to mix the soil with the plant straw particles; (3) clearing and digging soil; (4) a groove is arranged in the bottom soil layer, a salt discharge pipe is arranged in the center of the groove, and the tail end of the salt discharge pipe is connected with the water collecting tank; (5) backfilling the improved soil, and leveling the ground; (6) leaching, discharging leaching liquor from the salt discharge pipe to a water collecting tank, and taking away part of salt; (7) and (5) repeating the step (6) to reduce the salt content of the soil to be below 0.3%. The method effectively improves the water permeability of the saline-alkali soil, improves the salt washing efficiency and reduces the salt content in the soil; the straw improves the soil fertility; the salt discharge through the concealed pipe can lead the salt in the soil to be discharged along with the water, and the underground water level is controlled below the critical depth, thereby achieving the purposes of soil desalination and secondary salinization prevention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix improvement method.
Background
The coastal areas of Jiangsu are important economic growth areas in the east of China, however, the salinization degree of soil in the areas is serious, particularly in the areas of the Hongyun harbor, the superficial soil layers have high salt content, mainly medium saline soil, the lithology of the soil bodies is clay, the permeability coefficient of the soil bodies is low, the salt of the soil bodies is not easy to reduce, and the high saline soil brings great difficulty for ecological environment and social and economic construction, so that the method has important practical significance in adopting targeted prevention and improvement measures.
The salt comes with the water, the salt and the water are the basic principle of saline-alkali soil treatment, the leaching and desalting play a vital role in saline-alkali soil improvement, the process reduces the salt content in the surface soil and provides conditions for the growth of plants. The method is used in coastal plain areas of research areas, the parent soil is mostly from Huang-Huai alluvial substance, the parent soil is fine and dense, the soil is sticky and heavy, and the ventilation and water permeation are poor, so that the leaching loss of soil salinity is limited, and the leaching loss of soil fertility is caused, so that the method for improving the saline-alkali soil is necessary for promoting the salt leaching and simultaneously preserving water and fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the air-dried plant straws to 1-2cm to obtain plant straw particles, and then paving the plant straw particles on the soil surface of the saline-alkali soil;
(2) deeply ploughing and turning soil, wherein the depth of the deeply ploughed and turned soil at least meets the underground water soil space required by the root growth of garden plants, and the soil is mixed with plant straw particles to obtain improved soil;
(3) after the mixing and the mixing are finished, the soil after the improvement treatment is dug;
(4) a plurality of grooves with slope are arranged at intervals in the dug bottom soil layer, a salt discharge pipe is arranged in the center of each groove, and the tail end of each salt discharge pipe is connected with the water collecting tank;
(5) backfilling the improved soil, and leveling the ground;
(6) leaching the improved soil, discharging the leacheate from the salt discharge pipe to a water collecting tank, and taking away part of salt;
(7) and (5) repeating the step (6) to reduce the salt content of the soil after the improvement treatment to be below 0.3%.
Further, in the step (1), the plant straws are one or a mixture of corn straws, soybean straws, wheat straws and sorghum straws, and the amount of the spread plant straws is 2-4% of the weight of the soil.
Further, in the step (2), the depth of the deep ploughing and soil turning is 40-120 cm.
Furthermore, grooves with the gradient of 0.1% -0.3% are arranged in the bottom soil layer in the step (4) at intervals of 2-4 m.
Further, in the step (4), the salt discharge pipe is wrapped by geotextile, a gravel layer is laid around the salt discharge pipe, and the whole groove is filled with the gravel layer.
Further, the salt discharge pipe in the step (4) is a hard curved-line net-shaped water seepage corrugated pipe with the pipe diameter of 100-120mm, the upper part of the salt discharge pipe is provided with water permeable holes, and the water inlet area is larger than 70cm2And/m, the lower part is a water-tight non-porous part.
Further, the geotextile in the step (4) is a filament non-woven geotextile with a gram weight of 200g/m2。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention selects the straw organic improving material to mix and turn over with the soil, improves the saline-alkali soil matrix, then leaches the turned-loose soil, quickly reduces the salt content of the soil, and meets the growth requirement of general plants; however, soil is poor due to the loss of soil fertilizer caused by the leaching process and is easy to harden, so that the straw organic material selected in the invention can improve the fertility of the soil and is suitable for plant growth.
2. Due to the coastal areas, the improved soil is easy to be infiltrated by the rising of underground seawater, so that the soil is desalted. The salt discharge of the concealed pipe can control the underground water level below the critical depth, and secondary salinization is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a salt discharge pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the salt discharge pipe of the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the design sampling points of the saline-alkali ground plane for soil salinity test according to the embodiment of the present invention and the comparative example.
Description of reference numerals: 1. improved soil; 2. a bottom soil layer; 3. a salt discharge pipe; 4. a gravel layer; 5. a water collecting tank; 6. and (4) a groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 1: the coastal saline-alkali soil matrix improvement structure provided by the invention consists of four parts; respectively comprising improved soil 1, a bottom soil layer 2, a salt discharge pipe 3 and a gravel layer 4; the improved soil 1 is mixed with plant straws by a rotary cultivator, the wall of the salt discharge pipe 3 is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes, geotechnical cloth is wound outside the pipe, and a gravel layer 4 is laid around the pipe. The improvement depth comprises 3 fields with the improvement depth of 40cm, the fields with the improvement depth of 80cm are mainly used for cultivated land or green grassland, and the fields with the improvement depth of 120cm are mainly used for forest land planting.
Example 1
A method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the naturally air-dried plant straws to 1-2cm, and then uniformly paving the plant straws on the surface of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the paving amount of the plant straws is 2% -4% of the weight of the soil, and the straw 5200 and 10600kg are paved in the saline-alkali soil per mu;
(2) deep ploughing and turning soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, and the deep ploughing and turning depth meets the underground water soil space required by root growth of garden plants, so that the soil is fully mixed with plant straw particles;
(3) after the mixing and the mixing are finished, the soil 1 after the improvement treatment is dug;
(4) arranging a plurality of grooves 6 with intervals of 2-4m, preferably 3m in the excavated bottom soil layer 2, keeping the grooves 6 to be 0.1-0.3% of slope, arranging a salt discharge pipe 3 in the center of each groove 6, wrapping the salt discharge pipe 3 with geotextile to prevent silt from blocking seepage holes, laying a gravel layer 4 around the salt discharge pipe 3 to fill the whole grooves 6, and connecting the tail end of the salt discharge pipe 3 with a water collecting tank 5; the salt discharge pipe is a hard curved-line net-shaped water seepage corrugated pipe, the pipe diameter is 110mm and can be between 100 mm and 120mm, the upper part 2/3 of the pipe is provided with water permeable holes, the bottom part 1/3 is impermeable, and the water inlet area is larger than 70cm2And/m, the laying distance is 3 m. The hard corrugated pipe is light in weight and easy to transport and operate. The temperature range of adaptation is big, and shock resistance is strong, has good chemical resistance ability. The ability of catchmenting is strong, and fluid flow rate is fast, is 2 to 3 times of wide concrete of steel or bellows of the same diameter, can accelerate the row away catchmenting, avoids the flood calamity. The bottom is a non-porous part, which is beneficial to draining collected water and reducing secondary leakage;
(5) backfilling the improved soil 1, and leveling the ground to obtain the structure shown in fig. 1-2, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic side structure diagram, and fig. 2 is a schematic front structure diagram;
(6) leaching the saline-alkali soil of the plowed pine and discharging salt by using irrigation water, wherein leaching solution is discharged from the salt discharge pipe 3 and flows to the water collecting tank 5 to take away part of salt in the saline-alkali soil;
(7) and (5) repeating the step (6) to reduce the salt content of the improved soil 1 to be less than 0.3%.
Example 2
A method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) the naturally air-dried plant straws are crushed to the size of 1-2cm, then are evenly paved on the soil surface of the saline-alkali soil, the amount of the plant straws paved is 2% -4% of the weight of the soil, and 10400-sand-doped straws are paved in each mu of saline-alkali soil in a laying mode of 21300 kg;
(2) deeply ploughing and turning soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 80cm, and the deeply ploughing and turning depth meets the underground water soil space required by root growth of garden plants, so that the soil is fully mixed with plant straw particles;
(3) after the mixing and the mixing are finished, the soil 1 after the improvement treatment is dug;
(4) digging grooves in the bottom soil layer 2 at intervals of 3m, wherein the grooves can be 2-4m, keeping 0.1% -0.3% of slope, arranging a salt discharge pipe 3 in the center 6 of each groove, wrapping the salt discharge pipe 3 with geotextile to prevent silt from blocking seepage holes, laying a gravel layer 4 around the salt discharge pipe 3 to fill the whole groove 6, and connecting the tail end of the salt discharge pipe 3 with a water collecting tank 5; the salt elimination tube 3 used was the same as the tube of example 1;
(5) backfilling the improved soil 1, and leveling the ground to obtain the structure same as that of the embodiment 1;
(6) leaching the saline-alkali soil of the plowed pine and discharging salt by using irrigation water, wherein leaching solution is discharged from the salt discharge pipe 3 and flows to the water collecting tank 5 to take away part of salt in the saline-alkali soil;
(7) and (5) repeating the step (6) to reduce the salt content of the soil to be below 0.3%.
Example 3
A method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) as shown in figure 1, the plant straws after natural air drying are crushed to 1-2cm, and then are evenly paved on the surface of saline-alkali soil, the paving amount of the plant straws is 2-4% of the weight of the soil, and 15600-32000kg of straws are paved in the saline-alkali soil per mu;
(2) deeply ploughing and turning soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the ploughing depth is 120cm, so that the soil and the plant straw particles are fully mixed;
(3) after the mixing and the mixing are finished, the soil 1 after the improvement treatment is dug;
(4) digging grooves 6 at intervals of 3m in a bottom soil layer, wherein the distance can be 2-4m, keeping 0.1% -0.3% of slope, arranging salt discharge pipes 3 below the centers of the grooves 6, wrapping the salt discharge pipes 3 with geotextile to prevent silt from blocking seepage holes, laying gravel layers 4 around the salt discharge pipes 3 to fill the whole grooves 6, and connecting the tail ends of the salt discharge pipes 3 with a water collecting tank 5; the salt elimination tube 3 used was the same as the tube of example 1;
(5) backfilling the improved soil 1, and leveling the ground to obtain the structure same as that of the embodiment 1;
(6) leaching the saline-alkali soil of the plowed pine and discharging salt by using irrigation water, wherein leaching solution is discharged from the salt discharge pipe and flows to the water collecting tank 5 to take away part of salt in the saline-alkali soil;
(7) and (5) repeating the step (6) to reduce the salt content of the soil after the improvement treatment to be below 0.3%.
Comparative example 1
The method steps are similar to those of example 1 for the same saline-alkali soil region, and the differences are that:
in the embodiment 1, the gravel layer 4 is directly paved on the periphery of the salt discharge pipe 3 to fill the whole groove; comparative example 1 a geonet (0.25 cm thick) was added on top of the salt discharge pipe 3 and a gravel layer 4 was laid to fill the whole trench.
Comparative example 2
Aiming at the same saline-alkali soil area, straws are not added, the steps of other methods are similar to those of the embodiment 1, but after the salt discharge pipe 3 is arranged, a gravel layer is not paved on the periphery of the salt discharge pipe 3. Then, the alkaline earth of the pine salt is ploughed, and the salt is naturally discharged to be used as a control test.
The salt rejection rate test is respectively carried out on the saline-alkali soil improved in the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 at different depths.
Soil salinity test method
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of salt-alkali ground level design sampling points for soil salinity test, wherein a1-a6 are soil sample sampling points of example 1, a1, a2 and A3 are spaced 0.6m apart, a4, a5 and a6 are also spaced 0.6m apart, and a1 and a4 are located directly above the salt discharge pipe 3.
B1-B6 are soil sample sampling points of comparative example 1, which correspond to the locations of example 1.
C1-C3 are soil sample sampling points of comparative example 2, C1, C2 and C3 are all spaced 0.6m apart, and C1 is located directly above the salt drain.
The soil sample is air-dried indoors, visible plant residues are removed, then the soil sample is ground through a standard sieve of 2mm, and mixed and leached according to the water-soil ratio of 5: 1. And (4) sucking the leaching liquor, injecting the leaching liquor into an evaporation vessel, putting the evaporation vessel on a water bath, evaporating the evaporation vessel to dryness, and repeatedly weighing the total mass of the evaporation vessel and the sample until the mass difference is not more than 0.0001 g. The calculation formula of the soil salinity content is as follows:
in the formula, S is the content of soil salt content,%; m ismzAdding the mass of the drying residue into an evaporation pan, g; m ismG is the evaporating dish mass; vwAdding pure water in mL to prepare leaching liquor; vx1To extract the amount of extract, mL.
Calculation of soil salt rejection
The soil desalination rate is an evaluation index for representing the soil desalination degree, and is defined as the ratio of the change value of soil salinity in a certain depth of a soil profile to the initial soil salinity. The calculation formula of the soil desalination rate is as follows:
N＝(S1-S2)/S1×100％
in the formula, N is the desalination rate,%; s1And S2Initial and final soil salinity (%) within a certain depth, respectively.
Example 1 the average salt rejection rates of the soil at 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm depth were 94.12%, 94.56%, 90.54% and 87.06%, respectively (Table 1).
Comparative example 1 the average salt rejection rates of the soil at the depths of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm are 92.17%, 87.70%, 84.00% and 81.22%, respectively, and the average salt rejection rate of comparative example 1 in each depth stage is smaller than that of example 1, so that the soil desalting effect of the example is better than that of comparative example 1 overall, and the purpose of adding the geonet in comparative example 1 is to inhibit salt return, but the effect is not good.
Comparative example 2 the average salt rejection rates of the soils at 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm depths were 42.11%, 34.40%, 29.01% and 32.22%, respectively, and the average salt rejection rates of the comparative examples were less than those of example 1 at each depth stage, but the salt rejection rates rapidly decreased with increasing horizontal distance (distance from the salt discharge pipe). When the horizontal distance reached 1.2m, the salt rejection rate reached only 3.21% -8.18% (Table 1).
TABLE 1 soil desalination rates of different test zones and different sections
This detailed description is to be construed as illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting, since any modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the present specification and by virtue of the patent laws.
Claims (7)
1. A coastal saline-alkali soil matrix improvement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing the air-dried plant straws to 1-2cm to obtain plant straw particles, and then paving the plant straw particles on the soil surface of the saline-alkali soil;
(2) deeply ploughing and turning soil, wherein the depth of the deeply ploughed and turned soil at least meets the underground water soil space required by the root growth of garden plants, and the soil is mixed with plant straw particles to obtain improved soil;
(3) after the mixing and the mixing are finished, the soil after the improvement treatment is dug;
(4) a plurality of grooves with slope are arranged at intervals in the dug bottom soil layer, a salt discharge pipe is arranged in the center of each groove, and the tail end of each salt discharge pipe is connected with the water collecting tank;
(5) backfilling the improved soil, and leveling the ground;
(6) leaching the improved soil, discharging the leacheate from the salt discharge pipe to a water collecting tank, and taking away part of salt;
(7) and (5) repeating the step (6) to reduce the salt content of the soil after the improvement treatment to be below 0.3%.
2. The method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the plant straws are one or a mixture of corn straws, soybean straws, wheat straws and sorghum straws, and the amount of the spread plant straws is 2-4% of the weight of the soil.
3. The method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the depth of deep ploughing and soil turning is 40-120 cm.
4. The method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) arranging grooves with the slope drop of 0.1-0.3% every 2-4m in the bottom soil layer in the step.
5. The method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) wrapping the salt discharge pipe with geotextile, laying a gravel layer around the salt discharge pipe, and filling the whole groove with the gravel layer.
6. The method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the salt discharge pipe in the step (4) is a hard curved line net-shaped water seepage corrugated pipe with the pipe diameter of 100-120mm, the upper part of the salt discharge pipe is provided with water permeable holes, and the water inlet area is larger than 70cm2And/m, the lower part is a water-tight non-porous part.
7. The method for improving a coastal saline-alkali soil matrix as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the geotextile in the step (4) is a filament non-woven geotextile, and the gram weight of the geotextile is 200g/m2。
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