CN114517236A - 用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的pcr引物、试剂盒及检测方法 - Google Patents

用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的pcr引物、试剂盒及检测方法 Download PDF

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CN114517236A
CN114517236A CN202210255990.8A CN202210255990A CN114517236A CN 114517236 A CN114517236 A CN 114517236A CN 202210255990 A CN202210255990 A CN 202210255990A CN 114517236 A CN114517236 A CN 114517236A
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klebsiella pneumoniae
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张鑫
魏星
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Beijing Huanuo Aomei Gene Medical Laboratory Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的PCR引物、试剂盒及检测方法,属于生物检测技术领域。该PCR引物包括正向引物和反向引物,正向引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示,反向引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。本发明提供的这种试纸条以及试剂盒,利用对肺炎克雷伯菌phoE基因有特异性的PCR引物,能够对肺炎克雷伯菌核酸进行快速、简便、准确、高灵敏度(最低检测限为2×102copies/mL)的检测,用于快速判断是否感染肺炎克雷伯菌,无需微生物培养过程,不需昂贵仪器,可作为肺炎克雷伯菌感染的临床快速辅助诊断。

Description

用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的PCR引物、试剂盒及检测方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物检测技术领域,具体涉及一种用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的PCR引物、试剂盒及检测方法。
背景技术
肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae,KP),是一种革兰氏阴性菌,不运动的、包囊的杆状芽孢杆菌,存在于人类和非人类灵长类动物的鼻咽和胃肠道中,属于克雷伯氏菌属和肠杆菌科,兼性厌氧,是肠杆菌科克雷伯氏菌属中最为重要的一类菌,其所致疾病占克雷伯氏菌属感染的95%以上。当机体免疫力降低时,可经呼吸道进入肺内引发典型的原发性肺炎。肺炎克雷伯菌是引起医院获得性肺炎的重要病原体,尤其在革兰氏阴性杆菌肺部感染中,仅次于流感嗜血杆菌,排在第2位,同时也是社区获得性感染如社区获得性肺炎的潜在病原体。肺部病变中渗出液粘稠而重,致使叶间隙下坠。克雷伯氏菌对外界抵抗力强,对多数抗生素易产生耐药性。除引起重症肺炎外,还可引起泌尿道感染、胆道感染、败血症和化脓性脑膜炎等严重疾病。
医院肺炎克雷伯菌标本主要来源为痰液、尿液、分泌物、血液。目前检测肺炎克雷伯菌感染的方法主要包括细菌培养法、血清学检测和实时荧光定量PCR等分子诊断方法。微生物培养法耗时3d左右,且培养条件复杂,不利于早期诊断和治疗。荧光定量PCR技术虽然在临床应用中具有灵敏度高、特异性强等特点,但对实验人员技术要求高,需要具备专业的实验技能和知识背景,并且需要昂贵的qPCR仪器,使得很多核酸检测试剂盒无法普及到基层医院,限制了其推广和应用。常规PCR技术虽然无需昂贵仪器,但获得核酸扩增产物后,需要通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳判断阴阳性,操作费时、繁琐。因此,临床上需要一种操作简便、快速以及准确的鉴定方法。
市面上应用胶体金免疫层析技术开发出的检测试剂盒的检测靶标大部分都为抗体或抗原,这些以检测蛋白为目的的检测试剂盒需要大量单克隆抗体制备,成本昂贵且制备周期长,检测特异性易受到样本基质的影响,在疾病窗口期的病原体检出率方面不具备优势。
发明内容
本发明针对目前肺炎克雷伯菌检测方法的上述弊端,提供一种用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的PCR引物、试剂盒及检测方法。本发明提供的这种试剂盒,利用针对肺炎克雷伯菌phoE基因特异性的PCR引物,能够对肺炎克雷伯菌核酸进行快速、简便、准确、高灵敏度的检测。用于快速判断是否感染肺炎克雷伯菌,无需微生物培养过程,不需昂贵仪器,可作为肺炎克雷伯菌感染的临床快速辅助诊断。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
第一方面,本发明提供一种用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的PCR引物,PCR引物包括正向引物和反向引物,正向引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示,反向引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。
引物序列为:
正向引物:5’-CATCGTTGATGCCGAGTTTG-3’(SEQ ID NO.1)。
反向引物:5’-GCTATGTGCTGTCGAAAGGGA-3’(SEQ ID NO.2)。
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述正向引物的5’端标记有生物素,反向引物的5’端标记有荧光素。
引物序列为:
正向引物:5’-bio-CATCGTTGATGCCGAGTTTG-3’(SEQ ID No.1),
反向引物:5’-荧光素-GCTATGTGCTGTCGAAAGGGA-3’(SEQ ID No.2)。
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述荧光素包括FITC、TAMRA、FAM中的任一种。
优选地,上述荧光素为TAMRA。
第二方面,本发明还提供一种检测肺炎克雷伯菌核酸的试剂盒,其特征在于,其包括:肺炎克雷伯菌检测液、PCR反应液、阳性对照品、阴性对照品以及胶体金核酸检测试纸条;
其中,肺炎克雷伯菌检测液中含有如如SEQ ID No.1~2所示的PCR引物。
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述胶体金核酸检测试纸条包括依次相连接的样品垫、胶体金垫、硝酸纤维素膜和吸水垫。
胶体金垫上包被有胶体金标记的抗生物素抗体。
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述硝酸纤维素膜上设有检测区和质控区,检测区包被FITC、FAM或TAMRA单克隆抗体,质控区包被抗鼠抗体。
优选地,上述荧光标记为TAMRA。
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述肺炎克雷伯菌检测液中PCR引物的浓度为50~400nM;优选地,PCR引物的浓度为300nM。
其中,正向引物的浓度为300nM;反向引物的浓度为300nM。
第三方面,本发明还提供一种肺炎克雷伯菌的胶体金免疫层析检测方法,其利用上述试剂盒进行,包括:
将从待测样品中提取的DNA模板置于具有PCR引物的PCR扩增体系中,进行PCR反应得到扩增产物;
将扩增产物稀释后滴加至胶体金核酸检测试纸条的样品垫上,通过检测区与质控区上的显色有无判断待测样品中是否含有肺炎克雷伯菌。
进一步地,在本发明较佳的实施例中,上述PCR扩增体系总量25μL,包括:2μL的肺炎克雷伯菌检测液、12.5μL的PCR反应液、1μL的DNA模板以及9.5μL的ddH2O。
优选地,对试纸条显色结果的判定标准为:
阳性:质控线和检测线均显示红色;
阴性:质控线显示红色,检测线不显色;
无效:质控线和检测线均未显色。
本发明试剂盒的检测原理为:
使用特异性引物扩增从待测样品中提取的DNA模板,得到扩增产物。由于该特异性引物中,正向引物的5’端标记有生物素,反向引物的5’端标记有FITC、FAM或TAMRA,使得扩增产物两端分别带有特定修饰。当扩增产物稀释后滴加至试纸条的样品垫上后,通过毛细管作用向前流动,同时带动包被在胶体金垫上的用胶体金标记的抗生物素抗体向前流动。当待测样品中含有肺炎克雷伯菌核酸扩增产物时,扩增产物向前流动到达检测区T线,固定在检测区T线上的FITC、FAM或TAMRA单克隆抗体,将一端修饰有FITC、FAM或TAMRA的扩增产物捕获,从而形成金标抗体-扩增产物-抗FITC、FAM或TAMRA抗体复合物,复合物停留在T线处,产生红色条带。多余的金标抗体继续层析,最终与质控区C线上包被的抗鼠抗体结合,使质控线同样显色。当待测样品中不含肺炎克雷伯菌核酸扩增产物时,胶体金无法停留在检测区T线处,而与质控区C线上的抗鼠抗体结合,所以质控区C线的显色情况可以用来对试纸条进行质控。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有如下技术效果:
本发明提供的这种PCR引物,对肺炎克雷伯菌phoE基因有特异性,而对其他病原菌如肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌、肺炎支原体、表皮葡萄球菌、酿脓链球不能识别。
因此,包含有这种PCR引物的试剂盒,结合常规PCR和胶体金免疫层析技术,利用对肺炎克雷伯菌phoE基因有特异性的PCR引物,能够对肺炎克雷伯菌核酸进行快速、简便、准确、高灵敏度的检测。具体地:
1.特异性强:可准确检出肺炎克雷伯菌,对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌、肺炎支原体等不能检出;
2.灵敏度高:对肺炎克雷伯菌核酸的最低检测限达2×102copies/mL;
3.检测成本低:仅需1对引物,在普通PCR仪上即可进行,无需价格昂贵的荧光定量PCR仪器;
4.操作简单:只需将PCR产物滴到样品垫即可,对实验人员技术要求低,可广泛应用于临床;
5.耗时短:核酸产物上样后仅需2-5分钟即可判读结果;
6.结果判读简单:红色条带显色指示阳性结果,肉眼即可判读,无需借助特殊仪器。
说明书附图
图1为本发明实施例1中的胶体金核酸检测试纸条的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例4中试剂盒的灵敏度检测结果图。
附图标记:1-样品垫,2-胶体金垫,3-硝酸纤维素膜,4-吸水垫,5-底板,6-检测区T线,7-质控区C线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围,实施例中未注明的具体条件,按照常规条件或者制造商建议的条件进行,所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种胶体金核酸检测试纸条,如图1所示,该试纸条包括底板5,底板5上设置有依次搭接的样品垫1、胶体金垫2、硝酸纤维素膜3和吸水垫4。
胶体金垫2上包被有胶体金颗粒标记的抗生物素抗体,硝酸纤维素膜上设有检测区T线6和质控区C线7,质控区C线7包被抗鼠抗体二抗,检测区T线6包被FITC、FAM或TAMRA单克隆抗体,本实施例中选用TAMRA单克隆抗体。
实施例2试剂盒的制备
本实施例提供一种检测肺炎克雷伯菌核酸的试剂盒,包含组分如表1所述。
表1试剂盒组分
Figure BDA0003548490450000071
具体地,包括:
(1)肺炎克雷伯菌检测液(即KP检测液):包含肺炎克雷伯菌phoE基因的特异性标记引物,其核苷酸序列为:
正向引物:5’-bio-CATCGTTGATGCCGAGTTTG-3’(SEQ ID No.1);
反向引物:5’-TAMRA-GCTATGTGCTGTCGAAAGGGA-3’(SEQ ID No.2)。
KP检测液中的引物浓度为300nm。
(2)PCR反应液:包括Taq DAN聚合酶,dNTPs、MgCl2、反应缓冲液、PCR反应增强剂和优化剂以及稳定剂。
本实施例中使用的PCR反应液购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司(货号:KT201)。
(3)阳性对照品:为包含肺炎克雷伯菌phoE基因特异性序列的灭活工程菌。
(4)阴性对照品:生理盐水。
(5)试纸条:为实施例1提供的胶体金核酸检测试纸条。
实施例3
用实施例2提供的试剂盒进行核酸检测的方法:
(1)提取DNA模板:采用常规方法提取样本的基因组DNA,以获得扩增模板;
(2)PCR反应体系配置:从试剂盒中取出KP检测液和PCR反应液,按照如下配比加入到PCR反应管中,震荡混匀后进行离心;
试剂 加入量(μL)
KP检测液 2
PCR反应液 12.5
DNA模板 1
ddH<sub>2</sub>O 9.5
总计 25
(3)PCR扩增:将加好样的PCR反应管置于PCR仪内,按照如下反应参数进行设置:94℃3min,循环1次;94℃30s,56℃30s,72℃20s循环35次;72℃5min,循环1次。
(4)上样检测:使用移液器吸取10μL PCR产物,加入90μL样本稀释液,充分震荡混匀后进行离心;使用移液器将80μL混合液缓慢滴加到胶体金核酸检测试纸条的样品垫上,等待2-5min即可判读结果。
(5)具体的判定标准如下所示:
阳性:质控线(C)和检测线(T)均显示红色;
阴性:质控线(C)显示红色,检测线(T)不显色;
无效:质控线(C)和检测线(T)均未显色。
实施例4灵敏度测定
(1)DNA模板制备:采用常规方法提取肺炎克雷伯菌的基因组DNA,以获得扩增模板;将DNA模板进行系列稀释,浓度分别为:2×105copies/mL、2×104copies/mL、2×103copies/mL、1×103copies/mL、2×102copies/mL、,编号分别为A~E,空白对照为F。
(2)PCR反应体系配置:从试剂盒中取出KP检测液和PCR反应液,按照如下配比加入到PCR反应管中,震荡混匀后进行离心;
试剂 加入量(μL)
KP检测液 2
PCR反应液 12.5
DNA模板 1
ddH<sub>2</sub>O 9.5
总计 25
(3)PCR扩增:将加好样的PCR反应管置于PCR仪内,按照如下反应参数进行设置:94℃3min,循环1次;94℃30s,56℃30s,72℃20s循环35次;72℃5min,循环1次。
(4)上样检测:使用移液器吸取10μL PCR产物,加入90μL样本稀释液,充分震荡混匀后进行离心;使用移液器将80μL混合液缓慢滴加到样品垫上,等待2-5min即可判读结果。
(5)检测结果如图2所示,A~F组的质控线(C)均显示红色,说明胶体金核酸检测试纸条有效;F组为空白对照,检测线(T)不显色,质控线(C)显示红色,检测结果呈阴性;A~E组的检测线(T)均显示红色,呈阳性,说明该试剂盒对相应浓度的DNA模板均能进行有效检测,且该试剂盒的核酸检测灵敏度好,检测限低至2×102copies/mL。
实施例5特异性测定
对肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌、肺炎支原体、表皮葡萄球菌、酿脓链球进行了交叉反应测试,以验证试剂盒检测的特异性,结果如下:
Figure BDA0003548490450000101
结论:从以上数据可以看出,本试剂盒对其余微生物的检测结果均为阴性,证明该试剂盒与其他微生物之间没有交叉反应,体现试剂盒检测病原体的特异性强。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
序列表
<110> 北京华诺奥美基因医学检验实验室有限公司(null)
<120> 用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的PCR引物、试剂盒及检测方法
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
catcgttgat gccgagtttg 20
<210> 2
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
gctatgtgct gtcgaaaggg a 21

Claims (8)

1.一种用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的PCR引物,其特征在于,所述PCR引物包括正向引物和反向引物,所述正向引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示,所述反向引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于检测肺炎克雷伯菌的PCR引物,其特征在于,所述正向引物的5’端标记有生物素,所述反向引物的5’端标记有荧光素;
优选地,所述荧光素包括FITC、FAM或TAMRA。
3.一种检测肺炎克雷伯菌的试剂盒,其特征在于,其包括:肺炎克雷伯菌检测液、PCR反应液、阳性对照品、阴性对照品以及胶体金核酸检测试纸条;
其中,所述肺炎克雷伯菌检测液中含有如权利要求1或2所示的PCR引物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的检测肺炎克雷伯菌的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述胶体金核酸检测试纸条固定在PVC底板上,所述胶体金核酸检测试纸条包括依次相连接的样品垫、胶体金垫、硝酸纤维素膜和吸水垫;
所述胶体金垫上包被有胶体金标记的抗生物素抗体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的检测肺炎克雷伯菌的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述硝酸纤维素膜上设有检测区和质控区,所述检测区包被荧光素单克隆抗体,所述质控区包被抗鼠抗体。
6.根据权利要求3所述的检测肺炎克雷伯菌的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述肺炎克雷伯菌检测液中所述PCR引物的浓度为50~400nM。
7.一种肺炎克雷伯菌的胶体金免疫层析检测方法,其特征在于,其利用如权利要求3~6任一项所述的试剂盒进行,包括:
将从待测样品中提取的DNA模板置于具有所述PCR引物的PCR扩增体系中,进行PCR反应得到扩增产物;
将所述扩增产物稀释后滴加至所述胶体金核酸检测试纸条的样品垫上,通过显色有无判断所述待测样品中是否含有肺炎克雷伯菌。
8.根据权利要求7所述的肺炎克雷伯菌的胶体金免疫层析检测方法,其特征在于,所述PCR扩增体系总量25μL,包括:2μL的所述肺炎克雷伯菌检测液、12.5μL的PCR反应液、1μL的DNA模板以及9.5μL的ddH2O。
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