CN114516860B - 一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114516860B
CN114516860B CN202210172575.6A CN202210172575A CN114516860B CN 114516860 B CN114516860 B CN 114516860B CN 202210172575 A CN202210172575 A CN 202210172575A CN 114516860 B CN114516860 B CN 114516860B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
aminophenol
para
diamine monomer
amide
reaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202210172575.6A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN114516860A (zh
Inventor
谢劲
夏嗣禹
朱成建
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanjing University
Original Assignee
Nanjing University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanjing University filed Critical Nanjing University
Priority to CN202210172575.6A priority Critical patent/CN114516860B/zh
Publication of CN114516860A publication Critical patent/CN114516860A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN114516860B publication Critical patent/CN114516860B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81Amides; Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C215/00Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C215/74Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C215/76Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C235/00Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
    • C07C235/42Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C235/44Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C235/58Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C235/64Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups and singly-bound oxygen atoms, bound in ortho-position to carbon atoms of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/46Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
    • C07D239/52Two oxygen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/70Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D239/72Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines
    • C07D239/78Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines with hetero atoms directly attached in position 2
    • C07D239/80Oxygen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/56Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/66Nitrogen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1046Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1085Polyimides with diamino moieties or tetracarboxylic segments containing heterocyclic moieties
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法,所述含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体的结构式为其中,R1、R2为‑H、‑CF3、‑OCH3或烷基中的一种,R3为芳基或烷基中的一种,Ar1、Ar2为芳香环或芳香杂环。本发明提供了两种制备方法,一种是碱催化合成方法,另一种是离子液体催化方法。该二胺单体可应用于高性能含酰胺结构的聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的制备,可进一步改善所制聚酰亚胺膜材料的溶解成膜性能、光学透明性、拉伸强度性能、介电损耗性等的潜在应用价值。

Description

一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及二胺单体制备领域,尤其涉及一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺薄膜是由聚酰胺酸溶液流延成膜、拉伸后,高温酰亚胺化的方法制成的,制成的薄膜呈黄色透明状,有突出的耐高温、耐辐射、耐化学腐蚀和电绝缘性能,特别适宜用作柔性印制电路板基材和各种耐高温电机电器绝缘材料。
热复兴聚酰亚胺具有有哟的热稳定性、耐化学腐蚀性和及机械性能,有较高的拉伸强度,使用范围覆盖较广,从零下一百余度到两三百度都可使用,同时,聚酰亚胺的化学性质稳定,不需要加阻燃剂就可以阻止燃烧,拥有一定的抗弱酸性,是一种极其优良的绝缘材料。
但是,现有的聚酰亚胺在合成二胺单体的过程中,大量无机碱的加入会导致在机械设备腐蚀,以及在反应过程中会放出巨大的热量,难以控制,具有一定的危险性,同时也会造成环境污染。
有鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体,该单体为新型的含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体结构,引入酰胺非对称二胺结构,从该结构中也可以知晓本发明的含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体将不同的功能性官能团引入聚合物的分子链中,采用该方法所制备得到的非对称结构聚酰亚胺具有很好的溶解性,柔韧性、可加工性、较高的拉伸强度性及较低的介电损耗性。
本发明的第二目的是提供上述的含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体的两种制备方法,本发明所提供的第一种方法是采用强碱为催化剂,然后升温反应从而制得目标单体,本发明所提供的第二种方法是采用碱性离子液体催化剂的绿色合成方法,本发明所提供的两种制备方法能耗低、成本低,制得的单体纯度高,值得广泛推广进行应用。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体,该单体的架构式为:
,其中,R1、R2为-H、-CF3、-OCH3或烷基中的一种,R3为芳基或烷基中的一种,Ar1、Ar2为芳香环或芳香杂环。
优选地,Ar1、Ar2为如下基团的一种,其中同一种芳环取代位置有所不同:
、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>
优选地,当Ar1选择为时,Ar2选择为/>、/>其中一种,其中Ar1的取代基可以不同,其制得的二胺单体的结构式依次是:
、/>
优选地,为了使获得的聚酰亚胺薄膜介电常数、介电损耗等性能较为优异,经过实验设计优化,当Ar1选择为、/>、/>其中的一种时, Ar2选择为,其制得的二胺单体的结构式依次是:
、/>
从上述的结构式分析可知:上述优选单体所制得的PI薄膜有较为优异的介电性能,这是由于首先Ar1、Ar2满足自身结构有较高对称性的特点,其次就是上述的芳香杂环结构刚性较大,减少了空间上分子链与链之间的堆砌程度,而且杂原子如氮、氧等含量较高,其氮杂原子的极性可以使分子链间的作用力增加,降低链的自由活动性,可以保持较高的热稳定性。最后,含孤对电子的杂原子可能与酰亚胺环之间存在的相互作用,在一定程度上有利于提高聚酰亚胺薄膜的电学性能。
本发明通过对分子结构进行设计,开发了一种具有很好的溶解性、柔韧性、可加工性、较高的拉伸强度性及较低的介电损耗性的用于制备透明聚酰亚胺薄膜的含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体,之所以设计成如此的结构,是因为通过实践发现,当酰胺为一级胺或二级胺时,此时氨基存在氮氢键,因此分子间能够形成氢键,从而增加的分子间作用力,来促进分子链的规整排列,取得了良好的效果。其次,酰胺对苯环存在的共轭作用能够增强分子链的刚性,同时由于酰胺所连取代基烷基或芳基有较大空间体积,在一定程度上可以促进分子链与链之间的的空间排列、抑制链段无规则运动。酰胺还会与其它原子产生较强的相互作用,含酰胺的聚酰亚胺会发生交联反应,交联固化后的薄膜显示较高的热稳定性,具有较高的热分解温度,使得该产物可以广泛应用于合成较高的拉伸强度性及较低的介电损耗性的聚酰亚胺薄膜。
本发明还提供了第一种上述含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体的制备方法,该制备方法主要包括以下步骤:
将含有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚、与强碱、有机溶剂混合,经过反应得到目标产物。
优选地,上述的制备方法还包括对目标产物进行后处理的方法:
将目标产物进行沉降、过滤、干燥和重结晶得到白色的芳香二胺单体。
优选地,所述对氨基苯酚与所述的摩尔比为(2.0-4.0):1.0。
优选地,所述对氨基苯酚与所述的摩尔比为3.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述对氨基苯酚与所述的摩尔比还可为2.1:1、2.2:1、2.3:1、2.4:1、2.5:1、2.6:1、2.7:1、2.8:1、2.9:1、3.1:1、3.2:1、3.3:1、3.4:1、3.5:1、3.6:1、3.7:1、3.8:1、3.9:1等等。
优选地,所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环、乙腈、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺按质量比为(3-6):(4-7)的比例混合而成的。
优选地,所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺按质量比为4:6的比例混合而成的。
优选地,所述有机溶剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述的用量和的质量比值为(2.0-4.0):1.0。
优选地,所述有机溶剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述的用量和的质量比值为3.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述有机溶剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述的用量和的质量比值还可以是2.1:1、2.1:1、2.3:1、2.4:1、2.5:1、2.6:1、2.7:1、2.8:1、2.9:1、3.1:1、3.2:1、3.3:1、3.4:1、3.5:1、3.6:1、3.7:1、3.8:1、3.9:1等等。
优选地,所述强碱为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、磷酸钾、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述强碱为碳酸钾。
优选地,所述强碱的用量与所述对氨基苯酚的用量的质量比值为(1.0-3.0):1.0。
优选地,所述强碱的用量与所述对氨基苯酚的用量的质量比值为2.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述强碱的用量与所述对氨基苯酚的用量的质量比值还可以为1.1:1、1.2:1、1.3:1、1.4:1、1.5:1、1.6:1、1.7:1、1.8:1、1.9:1、2.1:1、2.1:1、2.3:1、2.4:1、2.5:1、2.6:1、2.7:1、2.8:1、2.9:1等等。
优选地,所述反应的温度为60-120℃,所述反应的时间为6-12h。
优选地,所述反应的温度为100℃,所述反应时间为10h。
除此之外,所述反应的温度还可以是62℃、68℃、70℃、72℃、75℃、78℃、81℃、83℃、85℃、88℃、89℃、91℃、92℃、95℃、98℃、99℃、102℃、105℃、108℃、110℃、112℃、114℃、118℃、119℃等等;所述反应的时间还可以为7h、8h、9h、11h等等。
优选地,所述重结晶采用的溶剂为醇/水体系,醇选自甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、1,2-丙二醇、正丁醇、2-丁醇或1,3-丁二醇中的一种或几种的组合。
本发明还提供了第二种上述含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体的制备方法,该制备方法主要包括以下步骤:
将含有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚、与离子液体催化剂混合反应后得到目标产物。
优选地,上述制备方法还包括对目标产物进行后处理的方法:
所述目标产物经过离心,将离心出的固体经洗涤、干燥和重结晶后得到白色的芳香二胺单体。
优选地,所述离心的速率为4000-6000rpm,所述离心的时间为20-40min。
优选地,所述离心的速率为5000rpm,所述离心的时间 为30min。
除此之外,所述离心的速率还可为4200rpm、4500rpm、4800rpm、5200rpm、5700rpm、5900rpm等等,所述离心的时间还可为22min、25min、27min、35min、38min、39min等等。
优选地,所述反应的温度为20-70℃,所述反应的时间为4-8h。
优选地,所述反应的温度为60℃,所述反应的时间为7h。
除此之外,所述反应的温度还可为21℃、22℃、25℃、26℃、28℃、30℃、35℃、36℃、40℃、42℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、58℃、59℃、62℃、63℃、64℃、67℃、69℃等等,所述反应的时间还可为5h、6h等等。
优选地,所述对氨基苯酚与所述的摩尔比为(1.0-2.5):1.0。
优选地,所述对氨基苯酚与所述的摩尔比为2.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述对氨基苯酚与所述的摩尔比为还可为1.1:1、1.3:1、1.5:1、1.8:1、2.0:1、2.1:1、2.2:1、2.3:1等等。
优选地,所述离子液体催化剂为咪唑类离子催化剂;
所述咪唑类离子催化剂为以下催化剂的一种或几种的组合:
优选地,所述离子催化剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述的用量和的质量比值为(1.0-3.0):1.0。
优选地,所述离子催化剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述的用量和的质量比值为2.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述离子催化剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述的用量和的质量比值还可以是1.1:1、1.2:1、1.4:1、1.6:1、1.8:1、1.9:1、2.2:1、2.3:1、2.4:1、2.5:1、2.6:1、2.7:1、2.8:1、2.9:1等等。
本发明所选择的咪唑类离子催化剂为近几年新兴的催化介质,其可代替传统的强碱催化剂及有机溶剂应用于有机反应中,具有绿色环保、饱和蒸汽压低、热稳定能好等优点,在使用时可降低对环境和设备的破坏。
优选地,所述重结晶采用的溶剂为醇/水体系,醇选自甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、1,2-丙二醇、正丁醇、2-丁醇或1,3-丁二醇中的一种或几种的组合。
通过实践发现,上述所涉及的参数,比如原料之间的摩尔比、反应温度、反应压力以及离子液体催化剂试剂的用量等均需要控制在比较适宜的范围内,不能过高也不能过低,因为如果反应温度过高、反应时间过长一方面是会产生资源的浪费,不够经济,另一方面也会使得反应中所涉及到的诸多物料不能保证在最好的活性条件下进行反应,温度太低,反应时间太短又会出现副产物过多,不能得到所要得到的目标产物,同样的尤其原料之间的摩尔比也是需要控制在比较适宜的范围内,因为如果的用量太大或者太小也会产生过多的副产物,不利于反应的顺利进行。
比如,当与含取代基R1的对氨基苯酚的摩尔比低于1.0:2.0会生成大量的单取代副产物A,当摩尔比高于1.0:4.0,对氨基苯酚会大量剩余,当采用单取代单体(副产物A)制备聚酰亚胺薄膜时,成膜后表观形状为黄色脆性碎片,无法成膜,距预期要求的热学性能及力学性能相差较大,因此控制在适宜的摩尔比范围内是必要的,同样地,当反应时间太短、或者温度太低的情况下也会容易生成大量的以下副产物A,因此通过控制适宜的操作条件是可以提高反应选择性的,单取代副产物A的结构为:
总之,上述的结构式的副产物A不是反应的目标产物,所以为了保证本发明所制备的目标产物的纯度,必须严格的保证上述的两个制备方法的诸多参数保持在本发明所限定的范围内,以最优的操作条件进行制备目标产物。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少有以下优异之处:
(1)本发明的含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体纯度大于99.5%,引入酰胺非对称二胺结构,采用该方法所制备得到的非对称结构聚酰亚胺具有很好的溶解性,柔韧性、可加工性、较高的拉伸强度性及较低的介电损耗性。
(2)本发明所提供的制备方法操作简单,整个制备方法能耗低、成本低,能得到高纯度的白色固体,极大的节省了制备聚酰亚胺的成本,制得广泛推广进行应用。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1为所述实施例1所提供的二胺单体的核磁共振氢谱图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
(1)在氮气的保护下,往装有机械搅拌的三口烧瓶内加入摩尔比为3.0:1.0的带有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚A和B,进一步分别加入适量的有机溶剂和碱性催化剂,室温搅拌半小时后进行升温至100℃下反应10h后结束反应。
(2)经沉淀、过滤、干燥和重结晶后可得到白色的芳香二胺单体。
其中,本实施例中选择的有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺按质量比为4:6的比例混合而成的,其用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述的用量和的质量比值为3.0:1.0;所述碱性催化剂选择为碳酸钾,其用量与所述对氨基苯酚的用量的质量比值为2.0:1.0;进行重结晶时采用的醇为甲醇;所述Ar1选择为:/>,所述Ar2选择为。得到的所述目标产物的化学结构式为:/>
具体表征数据如下:
如图1所示:1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ10.48(s,1H),7.77(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.40–7.24(m,2H),7.17–6.97(m,2H),6.70(s,2H),6.50(s,2H),6.13(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),4.73(s,4H),2.01(d,J=3.0Hz,12H);
HRMS(ESI)calcdforC29H29N3O3[M+H]+:468.2282;found468.2286。
实施例2-9
具体实施方式与实施例1一致,不同的在于反应温度、反应时间以及原料的摩尔比会有些差别,具体设置参数以及目标产物纯度具体如表1所示。
实施例10
(1)氨气保护下,在装有机械搅拌的三口烧瓶内加入摩尔比为2.0:1.0的带有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚A与B,进一步分别加入离子液体催化剂,在室温搅拌半小时后升温至60℃下反应7h后结束反应。
(2)将反应得到的产物进行离心,离心得到的固体经洗涤、干燥和重结晶后得到白色的芳香二胺单体。
其中,离心的转速为5000rpm,离心的时间为30min,选用的离子催化剂为离子催化剂1,所述离子催化剂1的结构式为,其用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述/>的用量和的质量比值为2.0:1.0;进行重结晶时采用的醇为甲醇;Ar1选择为:/>,Ar2选择为/>。所述得到的目标产物的化学结构式为:/>
实施例11-18
具体实施方式与实施例10一致,不同的在于反应温度、反应时间以及原料的摩尔比会有些差别,具体设置参数以及目标产物纯度具体如表2所示。
表1 反应条件对反应的影响
表2 反应条件对反应的影响
注:表1-2中所列的副产物含量是指副产物A的含量;副产物含量及目标产物含量检测手段气相色谱仪,被测物质(i)的量与它在色谱图上的峰面积成正比: m i= fi ×Ai, fi为定量校正因子。
实验例1
以实施例1作为组别1为基础,其它组别的单位的制备方法均一致,只是将选择不同的Ar1、Ar2,然后将制得的二胺单体制备成聚酰亚胺膜在室温25℃下进行检测,厚度均为30μm,结果如表3、表4所示。
表3Ar1、Ar2对二胺单体结构式的影响
表4Ar1、Ar2对聚酰亚胺性能的影响
实施例 介电常数(10GHz) 介电损耗(10GHz) 拉伸强度(Mpa)
1 3.345 0.00233 135
2 3.045 0.00258 143
3 3.242 0.00302 112
4 3.657 0.00386 101
5 3.534 0.00237 140
6 3.342 0.00264 103
7 3.375 0.00311 125
8 3.344 0.00332 114
9 3.345 0.00293 143
10 3.445 0.00244 155
对比例1 4.625 0.00798 90
对比例2 3.985 0.00498 98
通过分析以上组别1-10和对比例1-2所制成的PI薄膜的介电常数、介电损耗和拉伸强度进行对比可知:采用本发明制备出的单体用于制备出的聚酰亚胺薄膜均有较低的介电常数,极低的介电损耗以及较高的拉伸强度。因为当单体结构存在酰胺基团时,此时由于酰胺基的存在,分子间能够形成氢键,从而增加的分子间作用力,来促进分子链的规整排列,取得了良好的效果。其次,酰胺对苯环存在的吸电子共轭作用能够增强分子链的刚性,同时由于酰胺所连取代基烷基或芳基有较大空间体积,在一定程度上可以促进分子链与链之间的的空间排列、抑制链段无规则运动首先本发明设计了该种含酰胺间位取代二胺的单体结构的合成;其次,本发明发明了两种合成方式,一种是采用常规的碱催化的方式,另一种是全新的离子液体催化合成单体的方法,避免了采用无机碱时金属阳离子如钾离子、钠离子等的残留。因为金属离子微量的残留对于聚酰亚胺薄膜测定也会产生较高的介电损耗。最后,单体中杂质或者副产物含量的高低极大影响了后续聚合工艺、薄膜性能的优劣。而采用本发明所制备的单体具有较高的纯度,纯度均大于99.5%,且为白色固体,为后续制备成膜提供了较大的纯度优势,由此制备出一系列低介电常数、介电损耗的聚酰亚胺薄膜。
最后,可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的原理和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体,其特征在于,所述含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体的结构式为:
、/>、/>、/>、/>和/>
2.权利要求1所述的含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将含有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚、与强碱、有机溶剂混合,经过反应得到目标产物;
其中,所含的卤素X取代基为Cl,Br,I其中的一种或几种;
所述对氨基苯酚为以下化学结构式的其中一种:
、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>和/>
所述为以下化学结构式的其中一种:
、/>、/>、/>和/>
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述对氨基苯酚与所述的摩尔比为(2.0-4.0):1.0。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环、乙腈、二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种的组合;
所述有机溶剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述的用量和的质量比值为(2.0-4.0):1.0。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述强碱为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、磷酸钾、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠中的一种或几种的组合;
所述强碱的用量与所述对氨基苯酚的用量的质量比值为(1.0-3.0):1.0。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为60-120℃,所述反应的时间为6-12h。
7.权利要求1所述的含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将含有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚、与离子液体催化剂混合反应后得到目标产物;
其中,所含的卤素X取代基为Cl,Br,I其中的一种或几种;
所述对氨基苯酚为以下化学结构式的其中一种:
、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>和/>
所述为以下化学结构式的其中一种:
、/>、/>、/>和/>
所述离子液体催化剂为咪唑类离子催化剂;
所述咪唑类离子催化剂为以下催化剂的一种或几种的组合:
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为20-70℃,所述反应的时间为4-8h。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述对氨基苯酚与所述的摩尔比为(1.0-2.5):1.0。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述离子催化剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述的用量和的质量比值为(1.0-3.0):1.0。
CN202210172575.6A 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法 Active CN114516860B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210172575.6A CN114516860B (zh) 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210172575.6A CN114516860B (zh) 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114516860A CN114516860A (zh) 2022-05-20
CN114516860B true CN114516860B (zh) 2023-10-13

Family

ID=81598658

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210172575.6A Active CN114516860B (zh) 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114516860B (zh)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1701086A (zh) * 2003-04-09 2005-11-23 第一毛织株式会社 含三嗪基团的二胺化合物、从该二胺化合物合成制得的聚酰胺酸和从该聚酰胺酸制得的液晶配向膜
WO2013133508A1 (ko) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 한국과학기술원 두 개의 치환기를 비대칭 구조로 포함하는 디아민 화합물, 이를 사용하여 제조된 중합체
KR20170089671A (ko) * 2016-01-27 2017-08-04 삼성전자주식회사 모노머, 중합체, 보상 필름, 광학 필름 및 표시 장치
CN108586741A (zh) * 2018-04-13 2018-09-28 吉林大学 荧光性聚酰胺酸聚合物、制备方法及其在荧光多刺激响应方面的应用
CN111153813A (zh) * 2020-01-02 2020-05-15 常州大学 一种含六甲基结构芳香二胺单体及其制备方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1701086A (zh) * 2003-04-09 2005-11-23 第一毛织株式会社 含三嗪基团的二胺化合物、从该二胺化合物合成制得的聚酰胺酸和从该聚酰胺酸制得的液晶配向膜
WO2013133508A1 (ko) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 한국과학기술원 두 개의 치환기를 비대칭 구조로 포함하는 디아민 화합물, 이를 사용하여 제조된 중합체
KR20170089671A (ko) * 2016-01-27 2017-08-04 삼성전자주식회사 모노머, 중합체, 보상 필름, 광학 필름 및 표시 장치
CN108586741A (zh) * 2018-04-13 2018-09-28 吉林大学 荧光性聚酰胺酸聚合物、制备方法及其在荧光多刺激响应方面的应用
CN111153813A (zh) * 2020-01-02 2020-05-15 常州大学 一种含六甲基结构芳香二胺单体及其制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
T.Shanmugam等.Distribution of Dendritic,Terminal and Linear Units and Relationship between Degree of Branching and Molecular Weight of AB2-Type Hyperbranched Polymer:A C13-NMR Study.《Journal of Macromolecular Science》.2006,(第43期),第1387-1397页. *
耐高温聚酰亚胺的芳香二胺单体的研究进展;陈晓瑶等;《上海化工》;第44卷(第02期);第35-42页 *
芳香不对称聚酰亚胺的合成及其介电性能;唐冬雁等;《哈尔滨工业大学学报》;第45卷(第04期);第69-73页 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114516860A (zh) 2022-05-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Wang et al. Synthesis and properties of fluorinated polyimides with multi-bulky pendant groups
CN111770951B (zh) 聚酰亚胺化合物及包含该聚酰亚胺化合物的成型物
CN108530304B (zh) 含甲苯基及非共平面结构的芳香二胺、聚酰亚胺及其制备方法
CN107722271B (zh) 主链含喹喔啉基团的侧链型磺化聚酰亚胺的制备及其应用
CN109776791B (zh) 一种氨基改性聚苯醚、其制备方法以及使用它的覆铜板和应用
Huang et al. Synthesis and characterization of novel highly soluble and optical transparent polyimides containing tert-butyl and morpholinyl moieties
CN105130975A (zh) 三胺型喹喔啉基苯并噁嗪及其制备方法
CN112679734B (zh) 一类含双三氟甲基苯取代不对称间位结构可溶性聚酰亚胺及其制备方法
CN114516860B (zh) 一种含酰胺多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法
WO2021037273A1 (zh) 一种香草醛基含席夫碱的共价有机框架阻燃剂及其制备方法
CN113277950A (zh) 一类含三联苯大取代侧基的不对称芳香二胺单体及聚酰亚胺
CN114456090B (zh) 一种含氰基多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法
Tawade et al. Synthesis and characterization of polyetherimides containing multiple ether linkages and pendent pentadecyl chains
CN114539166B (zh) 一种含砜基多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法
KR101130133B1 (ko) 측쇄형 이미드기를 포함하는 폴리(에테르설폰)의 제조방법
CN114516807B (zh) 一种含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法
CN114478278B (zh) 一种含羰基多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法
CN107501526B (zh) 一种dopo型环氧树脂固化剂及其制备方法
CN113788769B (zh) 一种含氟二胺单体及其制备方法
CN113149856B (zh) 一种含酰胺生物基苯并噁嗪树脂及其制备方法
CN106045992A (zh) 二氮芴基芳香型二酸单体及其聚苯并咪唑聚合物的合成
JP3867983B2 (ja) フェニルエチニル基を有するジアミンモノマー
Cheng et al. A facile synthesis of hyperbranched polyimides from 2, 6, 12-triaminotriptycene
CN114853615B (zh) 一种二胺单体、聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法和应用
KR100277161B1 (ko) 가공성이 개선된 신규 방향족 폴리이미드 수지 분말과 이의 제조방법

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant