CN114516807B - 一种含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical class [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- -1 amino compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 8
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 abstract description 21
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005815 base catalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004427 diamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/78—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/80—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C217/82—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C217/90—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings of the same non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring the oxygen atom of at least one of the etherified hydroxy groups being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. amino-diphenylethers
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C213/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from hydroxy amines by reactions involving the etherification or esterification of hydroxy groups
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C217/00—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/78—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C217/94—Compounds containing amino and etherified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems and etherified hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/28—Radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D213/30—Oxygen atoms
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D213/69—Two or more oxygen atoms
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
- C07D239/52—Two oxygen atoms
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07D239/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D239/72—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines
- C07D239/78—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines with hetero atoms directly attached in position 2
- C07D239/80—Oxygen atoms
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- C07D271/10—1,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
- C07D271/113—1,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms, the nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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- C07D285/02—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles
- C07D285/04—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles not condensed with other rings
- C07D285/12—1,3,4-Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-thiadiazoles
- C07D285/125—1,3,4-Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-thiadiazoles with oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms, the nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法,所述含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体的结构式为其中,R1、R2为‑H、‑CF3、‑OCH3或烷基中的一种,Ar1、Ar2为芳香环或芳香杂环。本发明提供了两种制备方法,一种是碱催化合成方法,另一种是离子液体催化方法。该二胺单体可应用于高性能含硝基结构的聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的制备,可进一步改善所制聚酰亚胺膜材料的溶解成膜性能、光学透明性、拉伸强度性能、介电损耗性等的潜在应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及二胺单体制备领域,尤其涉及一种含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺是一种新型的高分子湿敏材料,其中,芳香性聚酰亚胺凭借其具有更优异的热稳定性、良好的化学稳定性和机械强度以及较低的介电常数,在众多领域中都得到了广泛的应用,但是,受聚合物分子结构特征的影响,常规聚酰亚胺通常都难溶,难以直接加工成膜,同时,传统的聚酰亚胺由于分子主链高度的芳香共韧性和分子链内电荷络合转移作用,其薄膜大多具有很深的颜色和较差的光学透明性,热膨胀性也是不够理想。
有鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体,该单体为新型的含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体结构,引入硝基非对称二胺结构,从该结构中也可以知晓本发明的含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体将不同的功能性官能团引入聚合物的分子链中,采用该方法所制备得到的非对称结构聚酰亚胺具有很好的溶解性,柔韧性、可加工性、较高的拉伸强度性及较低的介电损耗性。
本发明的第二目的是提供上述的含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体的两种制备方法,本发明所提供的第一种方法是采用强碱为催化剂,然后升温反应从而制得目标单体,本发明所提供的第二种方法是采用碱性离子液体催化剂的绿色合成方法,本发明所提供的两种制备方法能耗低、成本低,制得的单体纯度高,值得广泛推广进行应用。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体,该单体的架构式为:其中,R1、R2为-H、-CF3、-OCH3或烷基中的一种,Ar1、Ar2为芳香环或芳香杂环。
优选地,Ar1、Ar2为如下基团的一种,其中同一种芳环取代位置有所不同:
优选地,当Ar2选择为 其中一种时,Ar1选择为/>其制得的二胺单体的结构式依次是:
优选地,为了使获得的聚酰亚胺薄膜介电常数、介电损耗等性能较为优异,经过实验设计优化,当Ar2选择为时,Ar1选择为/> 其中的一种,其制得的二胺单体的结构式依次是:
从上述的结构式分析可知:上述优选单体所制得的PI薄膜有较为优异的介电性能,这是由于首先Ar1、Ar2满足自身结构有较高对称性的特点,其次就是上述的芳香杂环结构刚性较大,减少了空间上分子链与链之间的堆砌程度,而且杂原子如氮、氧等含量较高,其氮杂原子的极性可以使分子链间的作用力增加,降低链的自由活动性,可以保持较高的热稳定性。最后,含孤对电子的杂原子可能与酰亚胺环之间存在的相互作用,在一定程度上有利于提高聚酰亚胺薄膜的电学性能。
本发明通过对分子结构进行设计,开发了一种具有很好的溶解性、柔韧性、可加工性、较高的拉伸强度性及较低的介电损耗性的用于制备透明聚酰亚胺薄膜的含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体,之所以设计成如此的结构,是因为通过实践发现,当二胺单体中间苯环中含有硝基时,硝基对芳基强吸电子作用以及对苯环存在的吸电子共轭作用能够增强分子链的刚性,在一定程度上可以促进分子链与链之间的的空间排列、抑制链段无规则运动。硝基还会与其它原子产生较强的相互作用,含硝基的聚酰亚胺会发生交联反应,交联固化后的薄膜显示较高的热稳定性,具有较高的热分解温度,使得该产物可以广泛应用于合成较高的拉伸强度性及较低的介电损耗性的聚酰亚胺薄膜。
通过实验验证,当Ar1选择为Ar2选择为/>时,所制备的PI薄膜的性能最好。
本发明还提供了第一种上述含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体的制备方法,该制备方法主要包括以下步骤:
将含有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚、间二卤苯硝基化合物与强碱、有机溶剂混合,经过反应得到目标产物。
优选地,上述的制备方法还包括对目标产物进行后处理的方法:
将目标产物进行沉降、过滤、干燥和重结晶得到白色的芳香二胺单体。
优选地,所述对氨基苯酚与所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的摩尔比为(2.0-4.0):1.0。
优选地,所述对氨基苯酚与所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的摩尔比为3.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述对氨基苯酚与所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的摩尔比还可为2.1:1、2.2:1、2.3:1、2.4:1、2.5:1、2.6:1、2.7:1、2.8:1、2.9:1、3.1:1、3.2:1、3.3:1、3.4:1、3.5:1、3.6:1、3.7:1、3.8:1、3.9:1等等。
优选地,所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环、乙腈、二甲亚硝、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺按质量比为(3-6):(4-7)的比例混合而成的。
优选地,所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺按质量比为4:6的比例混合而成的。
优选地,所述有机溶剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值为(2.0-4.0):1.0。
优选地,所述有机溶剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值为3.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述有机溶剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值还可以是2.1:1、2.1:1、2.3:1、2.4:1、2.5:1、2.6:1、2.7:1、2.8:1、2.9:1、3.1:1、3.2:1、3.3:1、3.4:1、3.5:1、3.6:1、3.7:1、3.8:1、3.9:1等等。
优选地,所述强碱为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、磷酸钾、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述强碱为碳酸钾。
优选地,所述强碱的用量与所述对氨基苯酚的用量的质量比值为(1.0-3.0):1.0。
优选地,所述强碱的用量与所述对氨基苯酚的用量的质量比值为2.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述强碱的用量与所述对氨基苯酚的用量的质量比值还可以为1.1:1、1.2:1、1.3:1、1.4:1、1.5:1、1.6:1、1.7:1、1.8:1、1.9:1、2.1:1、2.1:1、2.3:1、2.4:1、2.5:1、2.6:1、2.7:1、2.8:1、2.9:1等等。
优选地,所述反应的温度为60-120℃,所述反应的时间为6-12h。
优选地,所述反应的温度为100℃,所述反应时间为10h。
除此之外,所述反应的温度还可以是62℃、68℃、70℃、72℃、75℃、78℃、81℃、83℃、85℃、88℃、89℃、91℃、92℃、95℃、98℃、99℃、102℃、105℃、108℃、110℃、112℃、114℃、118℃、119℃等等;所述反应的时间还可以为7h、8h、9h、11h等等。
优选地,所述重结晶采用的溶剂为醇/水体系,醇选自甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、1,2-丙二醇、正丁醇、2-丁醇或1,3-丁二醇中的一种或几种的组合。
本发明还提供了第二种上述含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体的制备方法,该制备方法主要包括以下步骤:
将含有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚、间二卤苯硝基化合物与离子液体催化剂混合反应后得到目标产物。
优选地,上述制备方法还包括对目标产物进行后处理的方法:
所述目标产物经过离心,将离心出的固体经洗涤、干燥和重结晶后得到白色的芳香二胺单体。
优选地,所述离心的速率为4000-6000rpm,所述离心的时间为20-40min。
优选地,所述离心的速率为5000rpm,所述离心的时间为30min。
除此之外,所述离心的速率还可为4200rpm、4500rpm、4800rpm、5200rpm、5700rpm、5900rpm等等,所述离心的时间还可为22min、25min、27min、35min、38min、39min等等。
优选地,所述反应的温度为71-120℃,所述反应的时间为9-14h。
优选地,所述反应的温度为80℃,所述反应的时间为10h。
除此之外,所述反应的温度还可为72℃、75℃、78℃、79℃、85℃、89℃、92℃、95℃、97℃、99℃、101℃、105℃、108℃、110℃、113℃、114℃、118℃、119℃等等,所述反应的时间还可为11h、12h、13h等等。
优选地,所述对氨基苯酚与所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的摩尔比为(2.6-4.0):1.0。
优选地,所述对氨基苯酚与所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的摩尔比为3.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述对氨基苯酚与所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的摩尔比为还可为2.7:1、2.9:1、3.1:1、3.2:1、3.3:1、3.4:1、3.5:1、3.6:1、3.7:1、3.8:1、3.9:1等等。
优选地,所述离子液体催化剂为咪唑类离子催化剂;
所述咪唑类离子催化剂为以下催化剂的一种或几种的组合:
优选地,所述离子催化剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值为(3.1-5.0):1.0。
优选地,所述离子催化剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值为4.0:1.0。
除此之外,所述离子催化剂的用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值还可以是3.2:1、3.3:1、3.4:1、3.5:1、3.6:1、3.7:1、3.8:1、3.9:1、4.1:1、4.2:1、4.5:1、4.7:1、4.8:1、4.9:1等等。
本发明所选择的咪唑类离子催化剂为近几年新兴的催化介质,其可代替传统的强碱催化剂及有机溶剂应用于有机反应中,具有绿色环保、饱和蒸汽压低、热稳定能好等优点,在使用时可降低对环境和设备的破坏。
优选地,所述重结晶采用的溶剂为醇/水体系,醇选自甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、1,2-丙二醇、正丁醇、2-丁醇或1,3-丁二醇中的一种或几种的组合。
优选地,所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的化学结构式为:
其中,所含的卤素X取代基为Cl,Br,I其中的一种或几种。
通过实践发现,上述所涉及的参数,比如原料之间的摩尔比、反应温度、反应压力以及离子液体催化剂试剂的用量等均需要控制在比较适宜的范围内,不能过高也不能过低,因为如果反应温度过高、反应时间过长一方面是会产生资源的浪费,不够经济,另一方面也会使得反应中所涉及到的诸多物料不能保证在最好的活性条件下进行反应,温度太低,反应时间太短又会出现副产物过多,不能得到所要得到的目标产物,同样的尤其原料之间的摩尔比也是需要控制在比较适宜的范围内,因为如果间二卤苯硝基化合物的用量太大或者太小也会产生过多的副产物,不利于反应的顺利进行。
比如,当间二卤苯硝基化合物与含取代基R1的对氨基苯酚的摩尔比低于1.0:2.0会生成大量的单取代副产物A,当摩尔比高于1.0:4.0,对氨基苯酚会大量剩余,当采用单取代单体(副产物A)制备聚酰亚胺薄膜时,成膜后表观形状为黄色脆性碎片,无法成膜,距预期要求的热学性能及力学性能相差较大,因此控制在适宜的摩尔比范围内是必要的,同样地,当反应时间太短、或者温度太低的情况下也会容易生成大量的以下副产物A,因此通过控制适宜的操作条件是可以提高反应选择性的,单取代副产物A的结构为:
总之,上述的结构式的副产物A不是反应的目标产物,所以为了保证本发明所制备的目标产物的纯度,必须严格的保证上述的两个制备方法的诸多参数保持在本发明所限定的范围内,以最优的操作条件进行制备目标产物。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少有以下优异之处:
(1)本发明的含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体纯度大于99.5%,引入硝基非对称二胺结构,采用该方法所制备得到的非对称结构聚酰亚胺具有很好的溶解性,柔韧性、可加工性、较高的拉伸强度性及较低的介电损耗性。
(2)本发明所提供的制备方法操作简单,整个制备方法能耗低、成本低,能得到高纯度的白色固体,极大的节省了制备聚酰亚胺的成本,制得广泛推广进行应用。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1为所述实施例1所提供的二胺单体的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2为所述实施例1所提供的二胺单体的核磁共振碳谱图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
(1)在氮气的保护下,往装有机械搅拌的三口烧瓶内加入摩尔比为3.0:1.0的带有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚A和间二卤苯硝基化合物B,进一步分别加入适量的有机溶剂和碱性催化剂,室温搅拌半小时后进行升温至100℃下反应10h后结束反应。
(2)经沉淀、过滤、干燥和重结晶后可得到白色的芳香二胺单体。
其中,本实施例中选择的有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺按质量比为4:6的比例混合而成的,其用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值为3.0:1.0;所述碱性催化剂选择为碳酸钾,其用量与所述对氨基苯酚的用量的质量比值为2.0:1.0;进行重结晶时采用的醇为甲醇;所述Ar1选择为:所述Ar2选择为/>得到的所述目标产物的化学结构式为:/>如图1-2所示,具体表征数据如下:
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.23(t,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.71(s,2H),6.53(s,2H),6.25(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),4.81(s,4H),2.02(s,6H),1.95(s,6H);
13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ150.9,144.6,141.6,131.7,127.0,122.5,120.4,116.7,116.1,107.6,16.9,15.1;
HRMS(ESI)calcdforC22H23N3O4[M+H]+:394.1761;found394.1748。
实施例2-9
具体实施方式与实施例1一致,不同的在于反应温度、反应时间以及原料的摩尔比会有些差别,具体设置参数以及目标产物纯度具体如表1所示。
实施例10
(1)氨气保护下,在装有机械搅拌的三口烧瓶内加入摩尔比为3.0:1.0的带有取代基R1的对氨基苯酚A与间二卤苯硝基化合物B,进一步分别加入离子液体催化剂,在室温搅拌半小时后升温至80℃下反应10h后结束反应。
(2)将反应得到的产物进行离心,离心得到的固体经洗涤、干燥和重结晶后得到白色的芳香二胺单体。
其中,离心的转速为5000rpm,离心的时间为30min,选用的离子催化剂为离子催化剂1,所述离子催化剂1的结构式为其用量与所述对氨基苯酚和所述间二卤苯硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值为3.0:1.0;进行重结晶时采用的醇为甲醇;Ar1选择为:且有一个甲基取代基,Ar2选择为/>所述得到的目标产物的化学结构式为:/>
实施例11-18
具体实施方式与实施例10一致,不同的在于反应温度、反应时间以及原料的摩尔比会有些差别,具体设置参数以及目标产物纯度具体如表2所示。
表1反应条件对反应的影响
通过分析表1数据,原料之间的摩尔比、反应温度、反应压力以及离子液体催化剂试剂的用量等均需要控制在比较适宜的范围内。如实施例4中,当原料之间的摩尔比为3:1时且反应温度只有40℃时,目标产物含量只有10%,产生了90%的副产物,说明温度太低,有利于副产物的产生,而不利于目标产物的产生,极大降低了反应的效率。同时反应时间对反应影响也较大,若只改变反应时间,其他反应条件不变,如实施例1和实施例6,当反应时间由10h减少至4h时,还有大量的副产物未转化为目标产物,因此需要继续延长反应时间,使得副产物继续反应生产目标产物。
表2反应条件对反应的影响
注:表1-2中所列的副产物含量是指副产物A的含量;副产物含量及目标产物含量检测手段气相色谱仪,被测物质(i)的量与它在色谱图上的峰面积成正比:m i=fi×Ai,fi为定量校正因子。
实验例1
以实施例1作为组别1为基础,其它组别的单位的制备方法均一致,只是将选择不同的Ar1、Ar2,然后将制得的二胺单体制备成聚酰亚胺膜在室温25℃下进行检测,厚度均为30μm,结果如表3、表4所示。
表3 Ar1、Ar2对二胺单体结构式的影响
表4 Ar1、Ar2对聚酰亚胺性能的影响
组别 | 介电常数(10GHz) | 介电损耗(10GHz) | 拉伸强度(MPa) |
1 | 3.152 | 0.00204 | 183 |
2 | 3.582 | 0.00237 | 167 |
3 | 3.657 | 0.00298 | 120 |
4 | 3.752 | 0.00395 | 154 |
5 | 3.545 | 0.00304 | 135 |
6 | 3.224 | 0.00254 | 174 |
7 | 3.259 | 0.00325 | 180 |
8 | 3.445 | 0.00312 | 165 |
9 | 3.329 | 0.00332 | 127 |
10 | 3.857 | 0.00457 | 165 |
对比例1 | 4.625 | 0.00798 | 90 |
对比例2 | 3.918 | 0.00493 | 125 |
通过分析以上组别1-10和对比例1-2所制成的PI薄膜的介电常数、介电损耗和拉伸强度进行对比可知:通过分析以上实施例1-10以及对比例1-2所制成的PI薄膜的介电常数、介电损耗和拉伸强度进行对比可知,采用本发明制备出的单体用于制备出的聚酰亚胺薄膜均有较低的介电常数,极低的介电损耗以及较高的拉伸强度。由于所优选芳香杂环结构刚性较大,减少了空间上分子链与链之间的堆砌程度,而且杂原子如氮、氧等含量较高,其氮杂原子的极性可以使分子链间的作用力增加,降低链的自由活动性,可以保持较高的热稳定性。含孤对电子的杂原子也同时能够和酰亚胺环之间存在的相互作用,在一定程度上有利于提高聚酰亚胺薄膜的电学性能。而从对比例1和对比例2数据结果来看,由于没有采用本发明含硝基取代基结构,仅为普通二胺单体,因此其单体在聚合过程中,因此其单体在聚合过程中,分子链的刚性较弱,缺少了硝基对苯环存在的吸电子共轭作用和空间分子作用,导致空间排列无序,产生无规则运动,因此其表现出来的力学性能和介电常数等参数相对于本发明结构单体较差。
本发明设计了该种含硝基间位取代二胺的单体结构的合成;其次,本发明发明了两种合成方式,一种是采用常规的碱催化的方式,另一种是全新的离子液体催化合成单体的方法,避免了采用无机碱时金属阳离子如钾离子、钠离子等的残留。因为金属离子微量的残留对于聚酰亚胺薄膜测定也会产生较高的介电损耗。最后,单体中杂质或者副产物含量的高低极大影响了后续聚合工艺、薄膜性能的优劣。而采用本发明所制备的单体具有较高的纯度,纯度均大于99.5%,且为白色固体,为后续制备成膜提供了较大的纯度优势,由此制备出一系列低介电常数、介电损耗的聚酰亚胺薄膜。
最后,可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的原理和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体,其特征在于,结构式为:
、/>、
、/>、
、/>、
、/>、
、/>。
2.权利要求1所述的含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将氨基化合物、硝基化合物与碱性催化剂、有机溶剂混合,经过反应得到目标产物;
所述碱性催化剂为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、磷酸钾、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠中的一种或几种的组合;
所述氨基化合物的结构式为:
、/>、/>、/>、/>;
所述硝基化合物的结构式为:
、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、;
其中,所含的卤素X取代基为Cl,Br,I其中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氨基化合物与所述硝基化合物的摩尔比为2.0-4.0:1.0。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为1,4-二氧六环、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种的组合;
所述有机溶剂的用量与所述氨基化合物和所述硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值为2.0-4.0:1.0。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱性催化剂的用量与所述氨基化合物的用量的质量比值为1.0-3.0:1.0。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为60-120℃,所述反应的时间为6-12h。
7.权利要求1所述的含硝基多取代芳香二胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将氨基化合物、硝基化合物与离子液体催化剂混合反应后得到目标产物;
所述离子液体催化剂为咪唑类离子液体催化剂;
其中,所述氨基化合物的结构式为:
、/>、/>、/>、;
其中,所述硝基化合物的结构式为:
、/>、/>、/>、/>、/>、;
其中,所含的卤素X取代基为Cl,Br,I其中的一种或几种;
其中,所述咪唑类离子液体催化剂为以下催化剂的一种或几种的组合:
。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的温度为71-120℃,所述反应的时间为9-14h;
所述氨基化合物与所述硝基化合物的摩尔比为2.6-4.0:1.0。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述离子液体催化剂的用量与所述氨基化合物和所述硝基化合物的用量和的质量比值为3.1-5.0:1.0。
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