CN114478819A - 一种荷仙菇多糖及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种荷仙菇多糖,提取方法方法如下:将荷仙菇原料干燥、粉碎,备用;采用超声波辅助酶法对荷仙菇多糖进行提取:将荷仙菇粉末置于蒸馏水中,摇匀;加入纤维素酶进行酶解;离心取上清液暂存;沉淀加蒸馏水摇匀超声离心,取上清液,合并上清液;荷仙菇多糖的分离纯化:将上清液旋转蒸发浓缩得到多糖浓缩液;与乙醇混匀,静置过夜,离心,取沉淀;加入蒸馏水复配为糖溶液,并将糖溶液、氯仿、正丁醇混匀,离心留上清液,透析,旋转蒸发浓缩;冷冻干燥,即得荷仙菇多糖干粉。其活性组分多糖抗氧化能力显著且具有一定的神经保护作用,作为天然活性成分,具有细胞毒性小、副作用少等优点,因此,本发明公开的荷仙菇多糖具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品或保健品领域,具体涉及一种荷仙菇多糖及其应用。
背景技术
机体正常代谢过程中,会产生活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)。生理水平的ROS是重要的信号转导分子,然而当机体内ROS生成过多,而机体自身的抗氧化系统无法清除过多的ROS时,机体氧化与抗氧化失衡,导致细胞大分子如脂质、蛋白质和DNA受损,进而引发多种疾病,如糖尿病、癌症、心血管疾病等。抗氧化剂能有效清除ROS,在氧化损伤的保护中发挥着重要的作用。根据来源可分为合成抗氧化剂与天然抗氧化剂,与合成抗氧化剂相比,天然抗氧化剂具有更安全、更高效等优点,因此一直是热门的研究方向。
脑组织特殊的生理生化性质决定了其易受ROS损伤,即易产生氧化应激。氧化应激是引起衰老相关神经退行性疾病的关键因素,最终使机体出现认知及运动障碍。帕金森病(PD)、阿尔兹海默症(AD)和亨廷顿舞蹈病(HD)等神经退行性疾病中脑细胞的损伤均与氧化应激有关。神经退行性疾病对人类健康造成了严重危害,如何预防此类神经系统疾病的发生已成为生命科学领域的热点课题。
食用真菌是一种在地球上广泛分布的食物资源,味道鲜美,营养丰富,具有一定的食用价值和药用价值,一直以来都备受关注。研究表明,作为食用真菌最主要的活性物质之一,多糖具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎等多种作用,有极大的应用潜力。荷仙菇,又名花瓣菇,药食两用,属多孔菌目、荷仙菇科、荷仙菇属。其分布广泛,包括澳大利亚、加拿大、中国、芬兰、法国、德国、日本、瑞士、泰国、英国和美国。夏秋季长于云杉、冷杉或松林及混交林中,有类似于根状的柄基部且连于树根。营养物质丰富,包括蛋白质、维生素和矿物质等,并且富含活性多糖,除了可以为人体供能,还具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、调节免疫等作用。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种荷仙菇多糖及其应用。
本发明采用的技术方案为:一种荷仙菇多糖,提取方法方法如下:
1)将荷仙菇原料干燥、粉碎,制成荷仙菇粉末,备用;
2)采用超声波辅助酶法对荷仙菇多糖进行提取:将荷仙菇粉末置于蒸馏水中,混合摇匀;加入纤维素酶进行酶解;离心,取上清液暂存;沉淀加蒸馏水摇匀,超声处理,再次离心,取上清液,合并上清液;
3)荷仙菇多糖的分离纯化:将上清液旋转蒸发浓缩,得到多糖浓缩液;将多糖浓缩液与90%乙醇混匀,放入冰箱静置过夜,离心,取沉淀;向沉淀中加入蒸馏水复配为糖溶液,并将糖溶液、氯仿、正丁醇混匀,震摇,离心,留上清液,重复操作数次;透析,旋转蒸发浓缩;
4)将多糖溶液无菌冷冻干燥,即得荷仙菇多糖干粉。
优选地,上述的一种荷仙菇多糖,步骤2)中,按固液比,荷仙菇粉末:蒸馏水=1g:50mL。
优选地,上述的一种荷仙菇多糖,步骤2)中,酶解的条件为60℃水浴2h,酶解pH为4.9。
优选地,上述的一种荷仙菇多糖,步骤2)中,纤维素酶的酶活力为185U/g。
优选地,上述的一种荷仙菇多糖,步骤2)中,离心的转速为10000r/min,离心时间为15min。
优选地,上述的一种荷仙菇多糖,步骤2)中,冰浴条件下超声处理时间为21min。
优选地,上述的一种荷仙菇多糖,步骤3)中,步骤3)中,沉淀:蒸馏水=1g:200mL。
优选地,上述的一种荷仙菇多糖,步骤3)中,按体积比,糖溶液、氯仿、正丁醇=20:4:1,震摇时间为25min,离心转速为4000r/min,离心时间为1min。
上述的任一种荷仙菇多糖在制备具有抗氧化及神经保护作用的食品或药品中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明开创性的技术是将荷仙菇多糖作为抗氧化及神经保护的功能性成分原料。本发明研究探讨了荷仙菇多糖的抗氧化能力及神经保护作用。结果显示,荷仙菇多糖具有显著的抗氧化功能,且对神经细胞有一定保护作用。
本发明将超声波辅助酶法提取的荷仙菇多糖成分作为活性物质,制备抗氧化保健品,提取方法简单,对设备的要求低,安全性高,生产成本低,神经保护效果显著,市场前景广阔,适合工业生产,为进一步研究和临床应用提供了一定的参考和依据。
附图说明
图1荷仙菇多糖体外抗氧化活性(对DPPH的清除率)。
图2荷仙菇多糖对H2O2影响PC12细胞存活率的作用(##:与Control组相比,P<0.01;*:与H2O2组相比,P<0.05;**:与H2O2组相比,P<0.01)。
具体实施方式
实施例 具有抗氧化及神经保护作用的荷仙菇多糖
(一)荷仙菇多糖的制备
采用超声波辅助酶法提取荷仙菇多糖,并分离纯化,步骤如下:
1)将荷仙菇原料干燥、粉碎,制成荷仙菇粉末,备用;
2)采用超声波辅助酶法对荷仙菇多糖进行提取:称取0.5g荷仙菇粉末于25mL蒸馏水,混合摇匀;调整酶解pH为4.9,加入纤维素酶(活力为185U/g),摇匀后放入恒温水浴锅中60℃水浴2h;水浴后离心(10000r/min,15min),取上清液暂存;余下沉淀加25mL蒸馏水摇匀,超声处理21min,过程中需要用冰块包围样品以维持温度;超声完成后,再次离心15min,取上清,合并上清液。
3)荷仙菇多糖的分离纯化:利用旋转蒸发仪,上清液在70℃下旋转蒸发浓缩,得到多糖浓缩液;将多糖浓缩液与90%乙醇按1:3混匀,放入冰箱静置过夜,摇匀后8000r/min离心10min,取沉淀;向1g沉淀中加入200mL蒸馏水复配为糖溶液,并将糖溶液、氯仿、正丁醇按20:4:1的体积比混匀,震摇25min,之后4000r/min离心1min,留上清,重复操作共4次;按照透析袋的说明书对上述多糖溶液进行透析;对透析后的多糖溶液进行旋转蒸发浓缩。
4)将多糖溶液无菌冷冻干燥,即得荷仙菇多糖干粉。
(二)DPPH清除率实验
1)配制溶液:配制1.00×10-4mol/L的DPPH溶液,锡纸包裹,4℃避光保存;配制浓度为0.25mg/mL、0.5mg/mL、0.75mg/mL、1mg/mL、1.25mg/mL、1.5mg/mL的荷仙菇多糖溶液及Vc溶液;
2)分别取不同浓度的荷仙菇多糖样品液2mL或Vc溶液2mL,置于试管中,各加2mLDPPH溶液,摇晃使其充分反应,室温避光30min,检测517nm处光密度值,记为A样品;
3)分别取不同浓度荷仙菇多糖样品液2mL或Vc溶液2mL,置于试管中,各加2mL无水乙醇,摇晃使其充分反应,室温避光30min,检测517nm处光密度值,记为A空白;
4)取蒸馏水2mL于试管中,加入2mLDPPH溶液,摇晃均匀,室温避光30min,检测517nm处光密度值,记为A对照;
5)根据公式计算DPPH清除率,公式如下:
DPPH清除率=[1-(A样品-A空白)/A对照]×100%
6)结果如图1所示,由图可得,荷仙菇多糖能够有效清除DPPH,发挥抗氧化作用。
(三)MTT实验
本实施例使用大鼠肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞瘤细胞系(PC12)细胞,采用MTT法检测荷仙菇多糖体外神经保护作用,实验步骤如下:
1)将对数生长期的PC12细胞接种于96孔培养板,浓度为1.0×105个/mL,置于37℃、5%CO2细胞培养箱中,过夜培养使其贴壁;
2)细胞分组处理:Control组:不对细胞进行任何处理,加入细胞培养液,即H2O2和荷仙菇多糖的浓度均为0;H2O2组:细胞接种后,加入终浓度300μM的H2O2对细胞进行处理,培养24h;0.25mg/mL荷仙菇多糖+300μMH2O2组:细胞接种后,用荷仙菇多糖对细胞进行预处理,使荷仙菇多糖终浓度为0.25mg/mL,培养3h,加入终浓度300μM的H2O2对细胞进行处理,培养24h;0.5mg/mL荷仙菇多糖+300μMH2O2组:细胞接种后,用荷仙菇多糖对细胞进行预处理,使荷仙菇多糖终浓度为0.5mg/mL,培养3h,加入终浓度300μM的H2O2对细胞进行处理,培养24h;1mg/mL荷仙菇多糖+300μMH2O2组:细胞接种后,用荷仙菇多糖对细胞进行预处理,使荷仙菇多糖终浓度为1mg/mL,培养3h,加入终浓度300μM的H2O2对细胞进行处理,培养24h;
3)分别向每孔加入20μLMTT(5mg/mL),然后将96孔板放入37℃恒温培养箱继续培养4h;
4)弃去上清,分别向每孔加入150μL DMSO,置于摇床10min,使甲瓒晶体完全溶解;
5)甲瓒晶体完全溶解后,通过酶标仪检测该孔板在490nm波长下的吸光度值,并据此计算细胞存活率,结果如图2所示。由图可得,与Control组细胞相比,细胞在浓度为300μM的H2O2作用下存活率极显著(P<0.01)下降;与H2O2组细胞相比,预处理0.25mg/mL的荷仙菇多糖能使细胞存活率显著(P<0.05)增加,浓度为0.5mg/mL和1mg/mL的荷仙菇多糖能使细胞存活率极显著(P<0.01)增加,表明荷仙菇多糖对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞损伤有一定的抑制作用。
Claims (9)
1.一种荷仙菇多糖,其特征在于,提取方法方法如下:
1)将荷仙菇原料干燥、粉碎,制成荷仙菇粉末,备用;
2)采用超声波辅助酶法对荷仙菇多糖进行提取:将荷仙菇粉末置于蒸馏水中,混合摇匀;加入纤维素酶进行酶解;离心,取上清液暂存;沉淀加蒸馏水摇匀,超声处理,再次离心,取上清液,合并上清液;
3)荷仙菇多糖的分离纯化:将上清液旋转蒸发浓缩,得到多糖浓缩液;将多糖浓缩液与90%乙醇混匀,放入冰箱静置过夜,离心,取沉淀;向沉淀中加入蒸馏水复配为糖溶液,并将糖溶液、氯仿、正丁醇混匀,震摇,离心,留上清液,重复操作数次;透析,旋转蒸发浓缩;
4)将多糖溶液无菌冷冻干燥,即得荷仙菇多糖干粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种荷仙菇多糖,其特征在于,步骤2)中,按固液比,荷仙菇粉末:蒸馏水=1g:50mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种荷仙菇多糖,其特征在于,步骤2)中,酶解的条件为60℃水浴2h,酶解pH为4.9。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种荷仙菇多糖,其特征在于,步骤2)中,纤维素酶的酶活力为185U/g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种荷仙菇多糖,其特征在于,步骤2)中,离心的转速为10000r/min,离心时间为15min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种荷仙菇多糖,其特征在于,步骤2)中,冰浴条件下超声处理时间为21min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种荷仙菇多糖,其特征在于,步骤3)中,沉淀:蒸馏水=1g:200mL。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种荷仙菇多糖,其特征在于,步骤3)中,按体积比,糖溶液、氯仿、正丁醇=20:4:1,震摇时间为25min,离心转速为4000r/min,离心时间为1min。
9.权利要求1-8所述的任一种荷仙菇多糖在制备具有抗氧化及神经保护作用的食品或药品中的应用。
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