CN114474345A - 一种制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114474345A CN114474345A CN202210161696.0A CN202210161696A CN114474345A CN 114474345 A CN114474345 A CN 114474345A CN 202210161696 A CN202210161696 A CN 202210161696A CN 114474345 A CN114474345 A CN 114474345A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法及装置,该装置包括通过皮带依次连接的面料布料与压板装置、刻花循环滚动装置、补料装置、底料布料装置、压辊机、抛光机、辊道干燥窑、抛光机、吹尘装置、喷墨打印装置、窑炉和抛光机;刻花循环滚动装置包括辊轴和格片,辊轴和电动机连接,辊轴的轴向与皮带的行径方向垂直,辊轴上设有多个格片,沿辊轴的轴向每间隔10~20cm设置一排格片,每一排至少设置一个格片。本发明采用刻花循环滚动装置,在将面料压成一定密度样板后,挑出块体,防止粉料之间发生混合,制得边界清晰的图案纹理,解决了布料图案颜色无法渐变、渗花墨水高温下颜色变淡、所得图案不够鲜艳明亮、耐磨度低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种陶瓷砖,具体涉及一种制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法及装置,属于建筑陶瓷技术领域。
背景技术
陶瓷装饰是指在陶瓷上进行艺术加工的各种方式、方法,对于陶瓷产品来说,表面装饰是其重要的产品表现,其装饰艺术能提高产品的艺术性和档次,陶瓷产品的价格也与其装饰质量有着密切的关系。随着消费需求的不断提升,消费者对陶瓷表面个性化装饰的需求日益增加。
现有的陶瓷砖可大致分为两种:抛光砖和抛釉砖。从20世纪90年代开始,抛光瓷质砖在建筑陶瓷领域中就受到了市场的广泛青睐。抛光砖主要由底料和面料组成,其表面不施加釉料,在烧成后,对其进行抛光处理而制得。由于它具有硬度高、耐磨性强、吸水率较低、有一定光泽度、抗酸碱腐蚀、耐风化、艺术美学性尚佳、适用范围广、价格较低等特点,成为了建筑装饰市场上销量高、受欢迎的产品。现有的抛光砖,多采用传统布料方式,通过传统布料方式得到的纹理图案边界较为模糊,不够清晰,图案颜色也无法产生渐变的效果,颜色比较单调。
随着现代印刷技术的急速发展,以及喷墨打印革命性技术的横空出世,抛釉砖应运而生。与抛光砖不同,抛釉砖需在底料上施加底釉,通过喷墨打印到底釉上后,再施加一层透明釉而制成。抛釉砖使用的墨水为普通陶瓷墨水,墨水颗粒可达到亚微米级别,发色能力强。抛釉砖的出现,使得仿石材纹理和色彩的装饰效果都达到了登峰造极的程度。然而,抛釉砖最主要的不足之处就是耐磨性差。表面上的透明釉容易因为地面摩擦等行为而被损坏,从而进一步影响喷墨打印的图案的色彩效果和感官效果。就耐磨性而言,抛釉砖远达不到抛光砖的水平。
近年来,陶瓷行业研发出结合抛光砖的耐磨和抛釉砖图案纹理效果的喷墨渗花抛光砖,由于喷墨渗花抛光砖的图案色彩是由陶瓷渗花墨水直接在面料上喷墨打印而成,然而,陶瓷渗花墨水中发色使用的是无机盐,浓度有限,在高温下无机盐还与面料会发生一系列物理化学反应,颜色变得不够鲜艳。喷墨渗花抛光砖的图案色彩颜色与抛光砖面层中采用布料方式布施的色料形成的图案纹理颜色相比,鲜艳程度相差了不少。
中国发明专利申请CN 1328924A公开了仿雨花石陶瓷砖的颗粒制造方法,包括配备两种或两种以上有色差的基色浆料、在各基色浆料中添加各类色料并调配成所需的色浆、在盛浆容器中交替循环布施色浆和烘干、将色浆泥饼进行破碎和过筛并与陶瓷玻化砖的粉料一起用于压制成仿雨花石陶瓷砖坯。该方法制得的陶瓷砖的颗粒色彩丰富、形状多样,然而其生产所用到的原材料为色浆,制备过程需经过多次布施色浆和烘干,所需时间长,从而提高了成本,且所制得的颗粒是通过多层不同颜色的凝固的色浆交叠而形成,色浆与色浆之间只是简单结合在一起,颜色与颜色之间不会产生渐变过渡的效果,因而用这种颗粒生产的陶瓷砖,即由于原颗粒的不渐变而无法产生渐变的效果,又由于所制得的颗粒大小有限(粒径为2.5~6目筛),无法布施成比较精细的图案,也无法通过喷墨打印达到渐变以及纹理和图案都丰富的效果。
中国发明专利申请CN 110103319A公开了一种含坯体纹理的瓷质板材及其制造方法,包括备料、主体层布料、纹理层布料、均布原料、压制、干燥、施釉、喷墨打印、施釉、烧成以及磨边或抛光,其中纹理层布料时,通过雕花式滚筒或雕花皮带完成坯体纹理造型。这种方法制得的陶瓷砖具有立体的效果,然而,雕花皮带设置的纹理图案固定,每次更换图案必须更换整条雕花皮带,对于整个工艺生产来说耗时耗材;另一方面,雕花皮带制备纹理图案需要经过压制,压制过程中会产生许多细碎的粉料,散落图案纹理之间,造成杂乱的效果。同时这种方法制得的陶瓷砖采用普通墨水打印,需施加釉料层保护,而透明釉的耐磨性较低,生产出来的陶瓷砖应用领域不广,且耐磨性较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的图案不具有渐变效果,图案颜色不鲜艳、耐磨性和图案效果难以兼顾,样品开裂等问题,提供一种图案具有渐变效果,砖面图案鲜艳细致、同时兼顾耐磨性和图案色彩丰富、省时省材、便于改变图案纹理的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法及装置。
为实现本发明目的,采用如下技术方案:
一种制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的装置,包括通过皮带依次连接的面料布料与压板装置、刻花循环滚动装置、补料装置、底料布料装置、压辊机、抛光机、辊道干燥窑、抛光机、吹尘装置、喷墨打印装置、窑炉和抛光机;其中面料布料与压板装置包括依次连接的面料布料装置和压辊机,压辊机前端设有限高刮片;补料装置的前端设有限高刮片;
所述的刻花循环滚动装置包括辊轴和格片,辊轴和电动机连接,辊轴的轴向与皮带的行径方向垂直,辊轴上设有多个格片,沿辊轴的轴向每间隔10~20cm设置一排格片,每一排至少设置一个格片;格片的弧度为120°~150°,格片最前端两端点连线垂直于皮带前进方向,格片从自由端到固定端格片的厚度逐渐增大。
为了进一步实现本发明目的,优选地,所述的格片活动连接在辊轴。
优选地,所述的活动连接的方式是在格片的端部设有螺栓,而在辊轴上的隔片安装位设置螺帽,通过螺栓与螺帽配合实现活动连接。
优选地,所述的辊轴上每间隔10~20cm设置一排螺帽,每一排相邻两个螺帽间隔为10~15cm。
优选地,所述的格片自由端厚度为0.5~1mm,格片固定端厚度为3~4mm,格片长度为5~15cm。
一种制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法:面料布料装置在皮带上布施浅色面料或深色面料,随后经过限高刮片,并通过压辊机压实,得到薄板;薄板在皮带上前行到刻花循环滚动装置下,刻花循环滚动装置的隔片通过旋转,挑起薄板中的小块体,形成镂空的薄板;镂空的薄板经过限高刮板,将被挑出的小块体阻挡住,通过补料装置对空缺部分进行填补深色面料或浅色面料,随后经过压辊机压制后形成面料层;面料层上通过底料布料装置布施底料层,再次经过压辊机后,形成坯体;将坯体倒转过来,进行用抛光机抛坯处理,随后在辊道干燥窑中进行干燥,并在干燥后再次进行通过抛光机进行抛坯处理;抛坯后对通过吹尘装置坯体进行吹尘,随后设定程序用喷墨打印装置在浅色面料处进行喷墨打印,为面料层图案,制成图案坯体;喷墨打印后,将所得图案坯体放入窑炉中烧成,最后用抛光机进行抛光处理,得到仿雨花石陶瓷砖。
优选地,所述的深色面料为纯黑色面料、包裹红面料或黄色面料;
所述的浅色面料的成分为二氧化硅64~76wt%、氧化铝15~19wt%、氧化钾1.5~4.0wt%、氧化钠0.8~3.6wt%、氧化钙0.5~3.0wt%、氧化镁0.3~1.8wt%、氧化铁0.4~2.2wt%、氧化钛0.3~2.1wt%。
优选地,所述的纯黑色面料的成分为:氧化铁45~55wt%、氧化铬40~50wt%、三氧化二锑0.5~1.5wt%、五氧化二钒0.1~0.5wt%、二氧化硅0.1~0.5wt%、氧化铝0~0.3wt%、氧化钛0~0.05wt%、氧化钾0~0.05wt%;
所述的包裹红面料的成分为:氧化镉35~45wt%、氧化硒20~30wt%、氧化锆30~40wt%;
所述的黄色面料的成分为:氧化锆60~70wt%、石英粉30~40wt%、氧化镨2~8wt%、氟化钠4~10wt%。
优选地,所述浅色面料的收缩度为7.5%~8.5%,所述深色面料的收缩度为6.5%~7.5%;浅色面料与深色面料之间的收缩度相差0~1%。
优选地,通过压辊机压实的薄板的厚度为2~6mm,压辊机施加的压力小于5MPa;窑炉的烧成温度为1150-1220℃、烧成时间周期为35~60min;
刻花循环滚动装置转动速度与皮带传输速度相同。
所制得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的耐磨度达到5级。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和有益效果:
1)现有技术中,通过雕花皮带制备不同形状和大小的块体和粒子,使得图案纹理有较高的精细度,图案花纹边缘也有较高的清晰度,然而雕花皮带设置的纹理图案固定,每次更换图案必须更换整条雕花皮带,对于整个工艺生产来说耗时耗材,同时雕花皮带在压制过程中,无法将细碎的粉末也块体图案分离开来,细粉杂乱分布在图案之间,影响了砖面装饰效果。本发明采用刻花循环滚动装置,在将面料压成一定密度样板后,挑出块体,不仅可以防止粉料之间发生混合,制得边界清晰的图案纹理,在更换图案纹理时,还能省时省材,极大提高了生产效率。
2)本发明通过布料与喷墨打印相结合,解决了布料图案颜色无法渐变、渗花墨水高温下颜色变淡、所得图案不够鲜艳明亮的问题。
3)本发明通过调节不同面料和色料的配方,使其收缩性控制0~1%内,不会发生开裂。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的装置的结构示意图。
图2为刻花循环滚动装置未装格片时的结构示意图。
图3为刻花循环滚动装置装上格片时的结构示意图。
图4为本发明格片的结构示意图。
图5为本发明方法制得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖面料层变化示意图。
图6为本发明实施例1制得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的表面图。
图7为本发明实施例2制得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的表面图。
图8为本发明实施例3的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的表面示意图。
图9为现有技术用雕花皮带制得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的表面图。
图中示出:面料布料装置11、限高刮片12、压辊机13、刻花循环滚动装置14、皮带15、补料装置16、底料布料装置17、抛光机18、辊道干燥窑19、吹尘装置110、喷墨打印装置111、窑炉112;螺帽21、辊轴22;格片23、螺栓24。
具体实施方法
为了更好的理解本发明,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围。
如图1所示,一种制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的装置,包括通过皮带15依次连接的面料布料与压板装置、刻花循环滚动装置14、补料装置16、底料布料装置17、压辊机、抛光机18、辊道干燥窑19、抛光机、吹尘装置110、喷墨打印装置111、窑炉112和抛光机;其中面料布料与压板装置包括依次连接的面料布料装置11和压辊机13,压辊机13前端设有限高刮片12;补料装置16的前端设有限高刮片12。不同位置的压辊机、抛光机可以用同一装置。
如2-4所示,刻花循环滚动装置14包括辊轴22和格片23,辊轴22和电动机连接,辊轴22的轴向与皮带15的行径方向垂直,辊轴22上设有多个格片23,沿辊轴的轴向每间隔10~20cm设置一排格片23,每一排至少设置一个格片,优选每一排相邻两个格片的间隔为10~15cm;需要说明的是,格片设置的排数和每一排的个数看根据需要设置,由于本图案可以是随机无规则,因此只需每排每列螺帽上至少安装一个格片,以确保薄板经过时,格片可以作用于薄板上;格片的弧度为120°~150°,格片最前端两端点连线垂直于皮带前进方向,以确保格片可以从薄板中挑起小块体,形成镂空薄板;格片自由端厚度为0.5~1mm,格片固定端厚度为3~4mm,从自由端到固定端格片的厚度逐渐增大;格片长度为5~15cm,具体长度根据辊轴到皮带上的距离来设置,使得格片末端刚好可以和多孔皮带接触。
挑动镂空的方式:当薄板经过时,刻花循环滚动装置14上的格片23末端与薄板部分位置接触,格片自由端较薄,且格片长度设定为可以与皮带刚好接触,因此格片会插入到薄片中,随着辊轴22的转动,弧形的格片将接触位置的小块体挑出。此时的薄板经过压制,粉料之间会发生粘连,产生一定密度,在小块体被挑出时,其余部分仍然可以保持原来的压实状态,不会发生混合,薄板形成镂空效果。镂空薄板继续前行,经过限高刮板,将被挑出的可能落于镂空薄板上的小块体阻挡住,通过釉线皮带,防止被挑出的块体重新落回镂空薄板中,以便对镂空薄板进行下一步操作。
优选地,格片23活动连接在辊轴22,具体是在格片23的端部设有螺栓24,而在辊轴22上的隔片安装位设置螺帽21,通过螺栓24与螺帽21活动连接,实现格片23在辊轴22上的固定。优选辊轴上每间隔10~20cm设置一排螺帽,每一排相邻两个螺帽间隔为10~15cm。
本发明补料装置16优选用赛普飞特的料车,抛光机19优选用科达抛光机,窑炉11优选用摩德娜窑炉,吹尘装置111优选用通用吹风机,喷墨打印装置112优选用希望八通道打印机。辊道干燥窑19选用摩德娜五层干燥设备。
本发明颜色面料由两种或多种不同配方的面料和色料组成,且同一批颜色面料上不同配方的面料或色料之间的收缩性之差≤1%,颜色面料由单个或多个料斗输送不同颜色的色料制得,同一颜色面料为单色或多色叠加。本发明面料布料装置11中所装面料和补料装置16中所装面料颜色不同,一个为深色面料(浅色面料),另一个则为浅色面料(深色面料)。补料装置16中的粉料填补于镂空薄板的镂空处,且与非镂空处形成对比,这就使得砖面图案可以颜色鲜艳,又由于这是色料发色效果所致,面料层具有一定厚度,因此不像喷墨打印的抛釉砖那般不耐磨。
如图5所示,面料布料装置11在皮带上布施浅色(或深色)面料,随后经过限高刮片12,并通过压辊机13压实,得到具有一定密度的薄板51;薄板51继续前进,运输到皮带15上,刻花循环滚动装置14通过旋转,挑起薄板51中的小块体,形成镂空的薄板52;镂空的薄板52继续运输至皮带,经过限高刮板,将被挑出的可能落于镂空薄板上的小块体阻挡住,同时镂空薄板通过皮带15传输,防止挑起的块体填入到镂空中,随后通过补料装置16,对空缺部分进行填补深色(或浅色)面料,随后经过压辊机13压制后形成面料层53;面料层53上通过底料布料装置17布施底料层,再次经过压辊机13后,形成坯体;将坯体倒转过来,进行用抛光机19抛坯处理,随后在辊道干燥窑19中进行干燥,并在干燥后再次进行通过抛光机19进行抛坯处理;抛坯后对通过吹尘装置110坯体进行吹尘,随后设定程序用喷墨打印装置111在浅色面料处进行喷墨打印,为面料层图案,制成图案坯体54;喷墨打印后,将所得图案坯体54放入窑炉112中烧成,最后用抛光机19进行抛光处理,得到仿雨花石陶瓷砖。
本发明制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法,具体可以用以下步骤表述:
1)布施面料:通过多组布料装置,在皮带上,布施浅色或深色面料;
2)压制面料薄板:步骤1)中颜色面料经过压辊机,以小于5MPa的压力,得到具有一定密度的薄板;
3)挑动镂空处理:步骤2)中的薄板继续前进,刻花循环滚动装置通过旋转,在薄板中挑出小块体,形成镂空的薄板;
4)面料层的形成:步骤3)中镂空的薄板继续前进,经过限高刮片后,通过皮带运输至皮带,通过补料装置布,对空缺部分进行填补深色面料或浅色面料,随后经过压辊机后形成面料层;
5)坯体的形成:在步骤4)中的面料层上布施底料层,再次经过压辊机后,形成坯体;
6)抛坯与干燥处理:将步骤5)中的坯体倒转过来,进行抛坯处理,随后进行干燥,并在干燥后再次进行抛坯处理;
7)喷墨打印:对步骤6)所得的坯体进行吹尘,随后设定程序在浅色面料处进行喷墨打印;
8)烧成:使用直径≤55mm的棍棒,将所得砖坯入窑烧成得到仿雨花石陶瓷砖,控制入窑烧成温度为1150-1220℃、烧成时间周期为35~60min;
9)抛光:对步骤8)中烧成的仿雨花石陶瓷砖进行抛光处理。
实施例1
一种仿雨花石陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)布施面料:通过多组面料布料装置11,在皮带上,布施浅色面料;
所述浅色面料化学成分为二氧化硅74wt%、氧化铝20wt%、氧化钾0.5wt%、氧化钠0.5wt%、氧化钙1.0wt%、氧化镁1.5wt%、氧化铁0.7wt%、氧化钛1.8wt%,收缩性为7.7%。
(2)压制面料薄板:步骤(1)中浅色面料经过限高刮片12处理后再经过压辊机13以5MPa的压力,压成密度为1.6g/cm3的薄板51;
(3)挑动镂空处理:步骤(2)中的薄板51运输到皮带15上,运输皮带15的电机频率为10赫兹,刻花循环滚动装置14的电机频率为10赫兹,辊轴上每间隔10cm设置一排螺帽,每一排相邻两个螺帽间隔为15cm,每一排螺帽沿辊轴22的轴向布置,每排每列螺帽上安装一个格片,格片弧度为120°,格片自由端厚度为0.5mm,螺栓端厚度(也即是固定端的厚度)为3mm,格片长度为5cm。格片在薄板51中挑起小块体,形成镂空的薄板52;
(4)面料层的形成:步骤(3)中镂空的薄板52在皮带15上继续前进,运输至皮带,通过补料装置16,对空缺部分进行填补黑色面料,随后经过压辊机后形成厚度为4mm的面料层53;黑色面料为纯黑色色料。
纯黑色色料化学成分为氧化铁50wt%、氧化铬48.1wt%、三氧化二锑0.5wt%、五氧化二钒0.5wt%、二氧化硅0.5wt%、氧化铝0.3wt%、氧化钛0.05wt%、氧化钾0.05wt%,收缩性为7.0%。
(5)坯体的形成:在步骤(4)中的面料层53上通过底料布料装置17布施普白底料层,再次经过压辊机以300bar压力压制后,形成坯体;
(6)抛坯与干燥处理:将步骤(5)中的坯体倒转过来,用抛光机18对面料层进行打磨、抛光,抛光深度为0.1mm,随后将抛坯处理后的生坯送至辊道干燥窑19进行干燥,干燥温度为100℃,干燥时间为60分钟,并在干燥后再次用抛光机18对坯体面料层进行打磨、抛光,抛光深度为0.05mm。
(7)喷墨打印:用吹尘装置110对步骤(6)所得的坯体进行吹尘,随后调整打印文件的层次效果,使用希望八通道数码喷墨打印机111按预先定制好的程序在吹尘后坯体的浅色面料处进行喷墨打印,打印渐变颜色的图案,打印所用的渗花墨水为道氏渗花墨水,形成图案坯体54。
(8)烧成:在喷墨打印结束10min后,使用直径为55mm的棍棒,将所得砖坯放入窑炉112烧成,得到仿雨花石陶瓷砖,砖坯烧成温度为1185℃、烧成周期为60min。
(9)抛光:用抛光机18对步骤(8)中烧成的仿雨花石陶瓷砖进行抛光处理。对获得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖,按GB 3810.6-2016的规定测定耐磨深度,和按GB 3810.7-2016测定表面耐磨性。经检测,仿雨花石陶瓷砖耐深度磨损体积为101mm3,表面耐磨性达5级。
图6为本发明实施例1制得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的表面图。从图可见,所得表面图的图案具有渐变效果,砖面图案鲜艳细致,便于改变图案纹理。经测试得到样品的耐磨度达到5级。由测试结果可知,该仿雨花石陶瓷砖达到了国家对陶瓷砖的性能要求,尤其是耐深度磨损体积为101mm3,表面耐磨性达5级,有效地克服了抛釉砖耐磨性差的问题。即该陶瓷砖耐磨性较传统抛釉砖显著提高,在保证耐磨度的同时,有效提升砖面图案的立体感和颜色形状的丰富度,进而提升了用户的使用体验。
实施例2
一种仿雨花石陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)布施面料:通过多组面料布料装置11,在皮带上,布施纯黑色面料;
所述纯黑色色料化学成分为氧化铁52wt%、氧化铬47wt%、三氧化二锑0.5wt%、五氧化二钒0.2wt%、二氧化硅0.1wt%、氧化铝0.2wt%,收缩性为7.3%。
(2)压制面料薄板:步骤(1)中纯黑色面料经过压辊机13,以5MPa的压力,压成密度为1.7g/cm3的薄板51;
(3)挑动镂空处理:步骤(2)中的薄板51继续前进,运输到皮带15上,运输皮带15的电机频率为10赫兹,刻花循环滚动装置14的电机频率为10赫兹,辊轴上每间隔20cm设置一排螺帽,每一排相邻两个螺帽间隔为10cm,每一排螺帽沿辊轴22的轴向布置,每排每列螺帽上安装一个格片,格片弧度为150°,格片末端厚度为1mm,螺栓端厚度为4mm,格片长度为15cm。在薄板51中挑起小块体,形成镂空的薄板52;
(4)面料层的形成:步骤(3)中镂空的薄板52在皮带15上继续前进,运输至皮带,通过补料装置16,对空缺部分进行填补浅色面料,随后经过压辊机后形成厚度为5mm的面料层53;
所述浅色面料化学成分为二氧化硅71wt%、氧化铝18wt%、氧化钾4.0wt%、氧化钠3.0wt%、氧化钙3.0wt%、氧化镁0.3wt%、氧化铁0.4wt%、氧化钛0.3wt%,收缩性为7.9%。
(5)坯体的形成:在步骤(4)中的面料层上通过底料布料装置17布施普白底料层,再次经过压辊机13以300bar压力压制后,形成坯体;
(6)抛坯与干燥处理:将步骤(5)中的坯体倒转过来,用抛光机18对面料层进行打磨、抛光,抛光深度为0.1mm,随后将抛坯处理后的生坯送至辊道干燥窑19进行干燥,干燥温度为280℃,干燥时间为50分钟,并在干燥后再次用抛光机18对坯体面料层进行打磨、抛光,抛光深度为0.05mm。
(7)喷墨打印:用吹尘装置110对步骤(6)所得的坯体进行吹尘,随后调整打印文件的层次效果,使用希望八通道数码喷墨打印装置111按预先定制好的程序在吹尘后坯体的浅色面料处进行喷墨打印,打印渐变颜色的图案。所述渗花墨水为扬子渗花墨水。
(8)烧成:在喷墨打印结束10min后,使用直径为55mm的棍棒,将所得砖坯放入窑炉112烧成,得到仿雨花石陶瓷砖,砖坯烧成温度为1150℃、烧成周期为50min。
(9)抛光:用抛光机18对步骤(8)中烧成的仿雨花石陶瓷砖进行抛光处理。
对获得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖,按GB 3810.6-2016的规定测定耐磨深度,和按GB3810.7-2016测定表面耐磨性。经检测,耐深度磨损体积为103mm3,表面耐磨性达5级。
图7为本发明实施例2制得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的表面图,具有与图6相似的效果,区别在于面料是黑色,镂空的补料是浅色。经测试得到样品的耐磨度达到5级。现有技术中,通过雕花皮带制备不同形状和大小的块体和粒子,使得图案纹理有较高的精细度,图案花纹边缘也有较高的清晰度,然而雕花皮带设置的纹理图案固定,每次更换图案必须更换整条雕花皮带,对于整个工艺生产来说耗时耗材,同时雕花皮带在压制过程中,无法将细碎的粉末也块体图案分离开来,细粉杂乱分布在图案之间,影响了砖面装饰效果。图9为现有技术用雕花皮带制得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的表面图。与图9雕花皮带制得的样品相比,从图7可以看出经过刻花循环滚动装置制得的块体图案之间干净清晰,不杂乱。同时本发明采用刻花循环滚动装置,在将面料压成一定密度样板后,挑出块体,不仅可以防止粉料之间发生混合,制得边界清晰的图案纹理,在更换图案纹理时,还能省时省材,极大提高了生产效率。本发明通过布料与喷墨打印相结合,解决了布料图案颜色无法渐变、渗花墨水高温下颜色变淡、所得图案不够鲜艳明亮的问题。
由测试结果可知,该仿雨花石陶瓷砖达到了国家对陶瓷砖的性能要求,尤其是耐深度磨损体积为103mm3,表面耐磨性达5级,有效地克服了抛釉砖耐磨性差的问题。即该陶瓷砖耐磨性较传统抛釉砖显著提高,在保证耐磨度的同时,有效提升砖面图案的立体感和颜色形状的丰富度,进而提升了用户的使用体验。
实施例3
一种仿雨花石陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)布施面料:通过多组面料布料装置11,在皮带上,布施浅色面料;
所述浅色面料化学成分为二氧化硅70wt%、氧化铝19wt%、氧化钾2.0wt%、氧化钠2.0wt%、氧化钙3.0wt%、氧化镁1.7wt%、氧化铁1.2wt%、氧化钛1.1wt%,收缩性为7.8%。
(2)压制面料薄板:步骤(1)中浅色面料经过压辊机13,以5MPa的压力,压成密度为1.8g/cm3的薄板51;
(3)挑动镂空处理:步骤(2)中的薄板51继续前进,运输到皮带15上,运输皮带15的电机频率为10赫兹,刻花循环滚动装置14的电机频率为10赫兹,辊轴上每间隔10cm设置一排螺帽,每一排相邻两个螺帽间隔为10cm,每一排螺帽沿辊轴22的轴向布置,每排每列螺帽上安装一个格片,格片弧度为130°,格片末端厚度为1mm,螺栓端厚度为4mm,格片长度为10cm。在薄板51中挑起小块体,形成镂空的薄板52;
(4)面料层的形成:步骤(3)中镂空的薄板52在皮带15上继续前进,运输至皮带,通过补料装置16,对空缺部分进行填补包裹红面料和黄色面料,随后经过压辊机后形成厚度为6mm的面料层53;
所述包裹红面料化学成分为氧化镉42wt%、氧化硒28wt%、氧化锆30wt%,收缩性为7.0%。
所述黄色面料化学成分为氧化锆60wt%、石英粉30wt%、氧化镨4wt%、氟化钠6wt%,收缩性为6.9%。
(5)坯体的形成:在步骤(4)中的面料层上通过底料布料装置17布施普白底料层,再次经过压辊机13以300bar压力压制后,形成坯体;
(6)抛坯与干燥处理:将步骤(5)中的坯体倒转过来,用抛光机18对面料层进行打磨、抛光,抛光深度为0.1mm,随后将抛坯处理后的生坯送至辊道干燥窑19进行干燥,干燥温度为280℃,干燥时间为50分钟,并在干燥后再次用抛光机18对坯体面料层进行打磨、抛光,抛光深度为0.05mm。
(7)喷墨打印:用吹尘装置110对步骤(6)所得的坯体进行吹尘,随后调整打印文件的层次效果,使用希望八通道数码喷墨打印机111按预先定制好的程序在吹尘后坯体的浅色面料处进行喷墨打印,打印渐变颜色的图案。所述渗花墨水为道氏渗花墨水。
(8)烧成:在喷墨打印结束10min后,使用直径为55mm的棍棒,将所得砖坯放入窑炉112烧成,得到仿雨花石陶瓷砖,砖坯烧成温度为1020℃、烧成周期为45min。
(9)抛光:用抛光机18对步骤(8)中烧成的仿雨花石陶瓷砖进行抛光处理。
图8为本发明实施例3的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的表面示意图,具有与图6相似的效果,区别在于面料是浅色,镂空的补料是红色和黄色都有,可以变化。
本发明采用了两种或以上不同配方的面料及色料,且控制其收缩性之差≤1%(可以通过配方控制)。不同配方粉料的收缩性不一致,相差过大会使得产品表面产生了波纹的效果。
本发明设计的刻花循环滚动装置通过调整和更换刻花循环滚动装置上的格片,改变其位置、辊轴转速,便可以制得不同图案和纹理的陶瓷砖,操作简便且省时,格片可以反复利用,节省了材料和资源。
本发明通过刻花循环滚动装置与喷墨打印机相结合,即解决了渗花墨水发色效果不好的问题,又使得制出来的产品有很高的耐磨性。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的装置,其特征在于,包括通过皮带依次连接的面料布料与压板装置、刻花循环滚动装置、补料装置、底料布料装置、压辊机、抛光机、辊道干燥窑、抛光机、吹尘装置、喷墨打印装置、窑炉和抛光机;其中面料布料与压板装置包括依次连接的面料布料装置和压辊机,压辊机前端设有限高刮片;补料装置的前端设有限高刮片;
所述的刻花循环滚动装置包括辊轴和格片,辊轴和电动机连接,辊轴的轴向与皮带的行径方向垂直,辊轴上设有多个格片,沿辊轴的轴向每间隔10~20cm设置一排格片,每一排至少设置一个格片;格片的弧度为120°~150°,格片最前端两端点连线垂直于皮带前进方向,格片从自由端到固定端格片的厚度逐渐增大。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的装置,其特征在于,所述的格片活动连接在辊轴。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的装置,其特征在于,所述的活动连接的方式是在格片的端部设有螺栓,而在辊轴上的隔片安装位设置螺帽,通过螺栓与螺帽配合实现活动连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的装置,其特征在于,所述的辊轴上每间隔10~20cm设置一排螺帽,每一排相邻两个螺帽间隔为10~15cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的装置,其特征在于,所述的格片自由端厚度为0.5~1mm,格片固定端厚度为3~4mm,格片长度为5~15cm。
6.应用权利要求1-5任一项所述装置的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,面料布料装置在皮带上布施浅色面料或深色面料,随后经过限高刮片,并通过压辊机压实,得到薄板;薄板在皮带上前行到刻花循环滚动装置下,刻花循环滚动装置的隔片通过旋转,挑起薄板中的小块体,形成镂空的薄板;镂空的薄板经过限高刮板,将被挑出的小块体阻挡住,通过补料装置对空缺部分进行填补深色面料或浅色面料,随后经过压辊机压制后形成面料层;面料层上通过底料布料装置布施底料层,再次经过压辊机后,形成坯体;将坯体倒转过来,进行用抛光机抛坯处理,随后在辊道干燥窑中进行干燥,并在干燥后再次进行通过抛光机进行抛坯处理;抛坯后对通过吹尘装置坯体进行吹尘,随后设定程序用喷墨打印装置在浅色面料处进行喷墨打印,为面料层图案,制成图案坯体;喷墨打印后,将所得图案坯体放入窑炉中烧成,最后用抛光机进行抛光处理,得到仿雨花石陶瓷砖。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,所述的深色面料为纯黑色面料、包裹红面料或黄色面料;
所述的浅色面料的成分为二氧化硅64~76wt%、氧化铝15~19wt%、氧化钾1.5~4.0wt%、氧化钠0.8~3.6wt%、氧化钙0.5~3.0wt%、氧化镁0.3~1.8wt%、氧化铁0.4~2.2wt%、氧化钛0.3~2.1wt%。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,所述的纯黑色面料的成分为:氧化铁45~55wt%、氧化铬40~50wt%、三氧化二锑0.5~1.5wt%、五氧化二钒0.1~0.5wt%、二氧化硅0.1~0.5wt%、氧化铝0~0.3wt%、氧化钛0~0.05wt%、氧化钾0~0.05wt%;
所述的包裹红面料的成分为:氧化镉35~45wt%、氧化硒20~30wt%、氧化锆30~40wt%;
所述的黄色面料的成分为:氧化锆60~70wt%、石英粉30~40wt%、氧化镨2~8wt%、氟化钠4~10wt%。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,所述浅色面料的收缩度为7.5%~8.5%,所述深色面料的收缩度为6.5%~7.5%;浅色面料与深色面料之间的收缩度相差0~1%。
10.根据权利要求5所述的制备仿雨花石陶瓷砖的方法,其特征在于,通过压辊机压实的薄板的厚度为2~6mm,压辊机施加的压力小于5MPa;窑炉的烧成温度为1150-1220℃、烧成时间周期为35~60min;
刻花循环滚动装置转动速度与皮带传输速度相同。
所制得的仿雨花石陶瓷砖的耐磨度达到5级。
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