CN114455204B - 一种复合降血压多肽可食性包装膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种复合降血压多肽可食性包装膜的制备方法，属于食品加工技术领域。为解决多肽类产品应用范围不够宽泛，服用多种高血压药物存在副作用等问题，本发明利用大豆蛋白多肽、卵清蛋白多肽、大豆皂苷、壳聚糖、低聚果糖制成混合溶液，然后经静电纺丝技术制备辅助降血压的可食用包装膜。本发明能够将具有降压作用的多肽以最佳精细的分布方式施加到可食用包装膜中，使可食性包装膜具有降血压成分，并以可食用膜的口服固定剂型，创新了多肽的新型食用方法，为大豆生物酶解副产物的加工利用开辟新的途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合降血压多肽可食性包装膜的制备方法，属于食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
可食用包装膜被广泛用于包装食品，例如包装糖果、糕点、药品，这些食用膜可与食品一起食用，其主要作用于食品的隔离，这种可食用膜通常会在短时间内完全溶解于水。
经生物酶解的大豆蛋白多肽由多种氨基酸组成，特别是含有人体必需的8种氨基酸。大豆皂苷可以促进人体内胆固醇和脂肪代谢，改善心肌供氧，提高肌体的耐缺氧功能，可以降脂减肥，可以加强中枢交感神经的活动，还有抗衰老，防止动脉粥样硬化等调节生理机能作用。卵清蛋白多肽不但具有鸡蛋的营养价值，提供机体必需的氨基酸和供能，还具有与卵清蛋白的生理活性，调节免疫、抑制ACE活性及抗氧化、抗衰老、调节胃肠道菌群等多方面的生理调节功能。然而，多肽类产品通常是口服液或胶囊，这限制了多肽类产品的广泛应用。
高血压是引起心血管疾病的主要原因之一，发病率较高，常伴有心脏、血管、肺及肾脏等器官功能性或器质性改变，是引起心、脑、肾和眼等各种并发症和导致中风，动脉粥样硬化、冠心病的一个重要危险因子。目前，高血压患者通常需要服用多种药物或保健食品才能达到对高血压的控制效果。而多种药物同时服用易加重人体肝脏代谢负担，使用时间长易产生耐药性。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种复合降血压多肽可食性包装膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将大豆籽粒粉碎，过筛，溶解到去离子水中，然后添加Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶进行酶解，添加量以大豆籽粒的质量计为1.85mL/100g，酶解3h后进行灭酶处理，离心获得上清液，经冷冻干燥处理得到水解液冻干粉；
步骤二，将步骤一获得的水解液冻干粉溶于去离子水中，加入Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶进行酶解，添加量以溶液的质量计为5mL/L，酶解30min后进行灭酶处理，调节pH至中性，离心收集上清液，即大豆多肽原液，冷冻干燥后得大豆多肽粉；
步骤三，分别称取步骤二获得的大豆多肽粉和卵清蛋白粉、低聚果糖、壳聚糖、大豆皂苷，加入去离子水中，搅拌均均得到混合溶液，所述混合溶液中大豆多肽粉的浓度为0.030-0.062g/mL，卵清蛋白粉的浓度为0.030-0.062g/mL，低聚果糖的浓度为0.007-0.016g/mL，壳聚糖的浓度为0.015-0.031g/mL，大豆皂苷的浓度为0.003-0.008g/mL；
步骤四，采用静电纺丝将步骤三中得到的混合溶液制成厚度均一的可食性包装膜。
进一步地限定，步骤一所述过筛为过60目筛；所述溶解的料液比为6mg：1mL。
进一步地限定，步骤一所述酶解的条件为pH值8.5，温度为50℃；所述灭酶是指100℃下加热10min。
进一步地限定，步骤一所述离心为在8000rmp的转速下离心20min。
进一步地限定，步骤二所述水解液冻干粉与去离子水的料液比为40g：1L。
进一步地限定，步骤二所述酶解的温度为50℃，酶解过程中用2mol/LNaOH始终保持SPI溶液的pH为8.5；所述灭酶是指85℃的水浴中加热10min。
进一步地限定，步骤二所述离心为在3000rmp的转速下离心20min。
进一步地限定，步骤三所述去离子水的pH为5。
进一步地限定，步骤四所述纺丝参数如下：电压22kV，针头型号：21G，接收距离15cm，供料速率2.5mL/h。
进一步地限定，上述制备方法得到的复合降血压多肽可食性包装膜中各组分按质量百分比指标为：蛋白质％≥30，总糖％≤30，皂苷％≤10，水分％≤10；ACE酶活性降低90％；经质构仪测定获得的复合降血压多肽可食性包装膜的拉伸强度为25～60MPa，断裂伸长率为0.42～2.7％。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明明确了大豆蛋白多肽的制备工艺，并且确定了大豆蛋白多肽和卵清蛋白多肽二者可以作为生物可食性膜的稳定剂，按一定比例混合之后进一步提高了生物可食性膜的稳定性和功能活性，将具有降压作用的多肽以最佳精细的分布方式施加到可食用包装膜中，使可食性包装膜具有降血压成分，并且通过添加具有多种生理功能的低聚果糖、壳聚糖和大豆皂苷，制备得到了具有低成本，制备方法便捷，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率表现良好的，绿色健康的可食性包装膜。本发明以可食用膜的口服固定剂型，创新了多肽的新型食用方法，为大豆生物酶解副产物的加工利用开辟新的途径。
具体实施方式：
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明均为常规方法。所用材料、试剂、方法和仪器，未经特殊说明，均为本领域常规材料、试剂、方法和仪器，本领域技术人员均可通过商业渠道获得。
实施例1：
一种复合降血压多肽可食性包装膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将大豆籽粒用粉碎机磨碎，然后过60目筛，然后将得到的大豆粉溶解到去离子水中并调节固液比至6mg/mL，在水浴的条件下将温度调节为50℃、pH值调至8.5，然后利用Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶，酶解3h(加酶量1.85mL/(100g))，然后在100℃下加热10min做灭酶处理，将物料在8000rmp的转速下离心20min，收集得到水解液，然后经冷冻干燥处理得到生物酶解水解液冻干粉；
(2)将步骤(1)获得的冻干水解液粉末溶于去离子水中(质量浓度为40g/L)，于50℃下加热搅拌20min以达到碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase 2.4L)最适温度。在SPI溶液中加入Alcalase 2.4L(10g/L)持续酶解30min，并在酶解过程中用2mol/LNaOH始终保持SPI溶液的pH为8.5。将所有样品在85℃的水浴中加热10min，并立即在冰浴中冷却至室温终止反应。将酶解后的混合物调节pH至中性，然后在3000rmp下离心20min。得到的上清液大豆多肽原液，冷冻干燥即得到大豆多肽粉；
(3)将4g大豆多肽粉、4g卵清蛋白多肽、1g低聚果糖、2g壳聚糖和0.5g大豆皂苷溶解在pH为5的65mL去离子水中，搅拌均匀，获得混合溶液；
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的混合溶液经静电纺丝(具体纺丝参数如下：电压22kV,针头型号：21G，接收距离15cm,供料速率2.5mL/h)，制备得到的包装膜中多肽的含量为49.5％，碳水化合物的含量为26.08％，大豆皂苷的含量的6.3％，ACE酶活性降低90％，具有最优的抗压作用。其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为55MPa和2.4％。
实施例2：
本实施例与实施例1不同之处为：步骤(3)是将4g大豆多肽粉、4g卵清蛋白多肽、1g低聚果糖、2g壳聚糖和0.5g大豆皂苷溶解在pH为5的110mL去离子水中，搅拌均匀，获得混合溶液，其余操作步骤与实施例1的完全相同。
该实施例制备得到的包装膜中多肽的含量为40.9％，碳水化合物的含量为19.8％，大豆皂苷的含量的5.6％，ACE酶活性降低70％，具有较好的抗压作用。其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为40MPa和1.6％。
实施例3：
本实施例与实施例1不同之处为：步骤(3)是将4g大豆多肽粉、4g卵清蛋白多肽、1g低聚果糖、2g壳聚糖和0.5g大豆皂苷溶解在pH为5的130mL去离子水中，搅拌均匀，获得混合溶液，其余操作步骤与实施例1的完全相同。
该实施例制备得到的包装膜中多肽的含量为32.2％，碳水化合物的含量为14.2％，大豆皂苷的含量的4.3％，ACE酶活性降低50％，具有一定的抗压作用。其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为27MPa和0.6％。
以上所述仅为本发明专利的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明专利，凡在本发明专利的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均包含在本发明专利的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合降血压多肽可食性包装膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，将大豆籽粒粉碎，过筛，溶解到去离子水中，然后添加Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶进行酶解，添加量以大豆籽粒的质量计为1.85mL/100g，酶解3h后进行灭酶处理，离心获得上清液，经冷冻干燥处理得到水解液冻干粉；
步骤二，将步骤一获得的水解液冻干粉溶于去离子水中，加入Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶进行酶解，添加量为5mL/L，酶解30min后进行灭酶处理，调节pH至中性，离心收集上清液，即大豆多肽原液，冷冻干燥后得大豆多肽粉；
步骤三，分别称取步骤二获得的大豆多肽粉和卵清蛋白粉、低聚果糖、壳聚糖、大豆皂苷，加入去离子水中，搅拌均匀得到混合溶液，所述混合溶液中大豆多肽粉的浓度为0.030-0.062g/mL，卵清蛋白粉的浓度为0.030-0.062g/mL，低聚果糖的浓度为0.007-0.016g/mL，壳聚糖的浓度为0.015-0.031g/mL，大豆皂苷的浓度为0.003-0.008g/mL；
步骤四，采用静电纺丝将步骤三中得到的混合溶液制成厚度均一的可食性包装膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤一所述过筛为过60目筛；所述溶解的料液比为6mg：1mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤一所述酶解的条件为pH值8.5，温度为50℃；所述灭酶是指100℃下加热10min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤一所述离心为在8000rmp的转速下离心20min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤二所述水解液冻干粉与去离子水的料液比为40g：1L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤二所述酶解的温度为50℃，酶解过程中用2mol/LNaOH始终保持溶液的pH为8.5；所述灭酶是指85℃的水浴中加热10min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤二所述离心为在3000rmp的转速下离心20min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤三所述去离子水的pH为5。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤四所述纺丝参数如下：电压22kV，针头型号：21G，接收距离15cm，供料速率2.5mL/h。
10.根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于，制备得到的复合降血压多肽可食性包装膜中各组分按质量百分比指标为：蛋白质％≥30，总糖％≤30，皂苷％≤10，水分％≤10。
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