CN114450103A - 烧结铜柱形成用铜膏及接合体的制造方法 - Google Patents
烧结铜柱形成用铜膏及接合体的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114450103A CN114450103A CN202080067169.2A CN202080067169A CN114450103A CN 114450103 A CN114450103 A CN 114450103A CN 202080067169 A CN202080067169 A CN 202080067169A CN 114450103 A CN114450103 A CN 114450103A
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Abstract
一种烧结铜柱形成用铜膏,其用于形成将部件彼此接合的烧结铜柱,所述铜膏含有金属粒子及有机分散介质,金属粒子包含铜粒子,以有机分散介质的总质量为基准,有机分散介质包含50~99质量%的沸点为280℃以上的高沸点溶剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种烧结铜柱形成用铜膏及接合体的制造方法。
背景技术
电子设备上的电接合一般利用软钎焊。例如,在微型设备的倒装芯片接合中,微型设备与基板上的电极焊盘的接合使用焊球或焊膏等。
近年来,倒装芯片接合中,随着端子的窄间距化,使用一种在微型设备上形成金属柱,并将其金属柱与基板上的电极焊盘软钎焊的方法。然而,在软钎焊中存在以下问题:(1)在焊料与电极焊盘之间及焊料与金属柱之间出现克氏空孔;(2)在接合后再次进行回焊工序时,焊料熔融而发生接合不良;(3)由于异种金属界面处的阻抗不匹配而产生信号的发射等。
对此,正在研究一种使用焊料以外的金属进行接合的方法。例如,下述专利文献1中提出有,使用混合了铜微粒及铜纳米粒子的接合剂(铜膏)接合设置在微型设备上的铜柱与基板上的铜焊盘之间的方法。
以往技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:美国专利申请公开第2016/0351529号说明书
发明内容
发明要解决的技术课题
在上述专利文献1的方法中存在一课题,需要在设备上预先形成铜柱,但是,铜柱的形成方法之主流、即利用电解镀敷的形成方法中,柱的形成需要时间。并且,若加快镀敷速度,则高度的偏差变大也是个问题。
因此,本发明人等研究了一种方法,通过使用含有铜粒子及有机分散介质的铜膏在接合部件之间形成柱前体并烧结该柱前体,从而形成烧结铜柱的同时,接合接合部件彼此。根据该方法,能够有效且高精确度地形成烧结铜柱。然而,本发明人等研究的结果发现,从柱前体的形成至接合部件的搭载需要长时间(例如1~3小时左右)时,存在柱与接合部件的接合不充分的情况。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,其目的在于提供一种烧结铜柱形成用铜膏、及使用该铜膏的接合体的制造方法,烧结铜柱形成用铜膏在长时间放置柱前体后进行接合部件的搭载及烧结时,也能够稳定地形成用烧结铜柱接合的接合体。
用于解决技术课题的手段
本发明的一方面提供一种烧结铜柱形成用铜膏,其用于形成将部件彼此接合的烧结铜柱,所述铜膏含有金属粒子及有机分散介质,金属粒子包含铜粒子,以有机分散介质的总质量为基准,有机分散介质包含50~99质量%的沸点为280℃以上的高沸点溶剂。
根据上述方面的铜膏,在长时间(例如,1~3小时左右)放置柱前体后进行接合部件的搭载及烧结时也能够稳定地形成用烧结铜柱接合的接合体。
以铜膏的总质量为基准,上述高沸点溶剂的含量优选为5~30质量%。
上述有机分散介质可以包含2种以上的高沸点溶剂。
上述铜膏中,作为高沸点溶剂,优选包含选自由异冰片基环己醇及硬脂酸丁酯组成的组中的至少一种。
本发明的另一方面提供一种接合体的制造方法,所述接合体具备第1部件、第2部件、及将第1部件和第2部件接合的烧结铜柱,所述接合体的制造方法包括:在第1部件上,将上述方面的铜膏成型成型为柱状后,搭载第2部件,在第1部件与第2部件之间设置柱前体的工序;及通过烧结柱前体,形成烧结铜柱的工序。
根据上述方面的接合体的制造方法,从柱前体的形成直到接合部件的搭载,能够设定1~3小时左右的延缓时间,因此能够简单且稳定地制造接合体。
发明效果
根据本发明,其目的在于提供一种烧结铜柱形成用铜膏、及使用该铜膏的接合体的制造方法,烧结铜柱形成用铜膏在长时间放置柱前体后进行接合部件的搭载及烧结时,也能够稳定地形成用烧结铜柱接合的接合体。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明所涉及的接合体的一实施方式的示意剖视图。
图2是用于说明本发明所涉及的接合体的制造方法的一实施方式的示意剖视图。
图3是用于说明本发明所涉及的接合体的制造方法的一实施方式的示意剖视图。
图4是用于说明本发明所涉及的接合体的制造方法的一实施方式的示意剖视图。
图5是表示本发明所涉及的带有接合用柱的部件的一实施方式的示意剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下,对用于实施本发明的方式进行详细说明。然而,本发明并不限定于以下的实施方式。在以下实施方式中,其构成要件(也包括要件步骤等)除了特别明示的情况、认为原理上必需明确的情况等以外,不是必须的。关于数值及其范围也相同,并不限制本发明。
在本说明书中,“工序”一词不仅是指独立的工序,在与其他工序无法明确区分时只要可实现其工序的目的,则包含在本术语中。在本说明书中,使用“~”表示的数值范围表示分别作为最小值及最大值包含记载于“~”前后的数值的范围。在本说明书中,关于组合物中的各成分的含量,当组合物中存在多种与各成分相对应的物质的情况下,只要没有特别说明,则表示在组合物中存在的该多种物质的合计量。本说明书中,“沸点”是指1个大气压下的沸点。
<接合体>
图1是用于说明本发明所涉及的接合体的一实施方式的示意剖视图。图1所示的接合体10具备第1部件1、第2部件2、及将第1部件1和第2部件2接合的烧结铜柱3。
烧结铜柱的下表面及上表面分别成为与第1部件的接合面及与第2部件的接合面,两者通过金属结合而结合。通过形成这种金属结合,接合体能够以低电阻牢固地接合。
作为第1部件1及第2部件2,可以举出有源或无源电子设备、搭载电子设备的线路板、具有电子设备和设置在电子设备上的再布线层的封装件等。
作为电子设备,可以举出线圈、电容器、SAW滤波器、功率IC、逻辑芯片、存储芯片、传感器、压电元件、晶体管、二极管等。
作为线路板,可以举出安装基板、铜引线框等引线框、陶瓷基板、MID(MoldedInterconnect Device:模塑互连器件、成型电路部件)等具有印刷金属布线的树脂成型品、具有再布线层的封装件等。
第1部件及第2部件中一个是有源或无源的电子设备,另一个可以是搭载有电子设备的线路板。该情况下,能够安装可靠性优异的电子设备。
并且,第1部件及第2部件这两个可以为具有电子设备和设置在电子设备上的再布线层的封装件等。该情况下,能够安装可靠性优异的堆叠封装。
第1部件和/或第2部件在与烧结铜柱的接合面上可以具有选自由铜、镍、银、铂、金及钯组成的组中的一种以上的金属。这些金属在氢气或甲酸等还原气氛下,且在300℃以下的烧结温度下,能够还原去除表面的氧化膜。因此,接合体能够通过部件的所露出的金属面与烧结铜柱的金属结合而具有高的接合强度。上述金属可以作为金属膜或烧结金属层设置于第1部件和/或第2部件上。
以构成烧结铜柱的成分(其中,除了碳、氧气及氮气以外)的总计质量为基准,烧结铜柱中的铜的含量优选为96质量%以上,更优选为96.5质量%以上,进一步优选为97质量%以上。另外,上述碳、氧气及氮气是有时通过基于安装的底部填充剂的填充或密封材料的填充而随机包含在烧结铜柱中的成分。
若烧结铜柱中的铜的含量在上述范围内,则通过后述的烧结铜柱形成用铜膏的印刷及烧结形成烧结铜柱变得容易,并且在接合强度的确保及电迁移的抑制观点上有利。并且,接合面包含铜的情况下,则为由同种金属进行接合,因此容易抑制克氏空孔的产生,从而能够成为连接可靠性进一步优异的接合体。
从导热系数及导电率的观点考虑,烧结铜柱中所占的铜的体积比例优选为50体积%以上,更优选为60体积%以上,进一步优选为70体积%以上。烧结铜柱中所占的铜的体积比例越大,烧结铜柱的导热系数及导电率变得越高,从而优选。另外,本说明书中,烧结铜柱的铜以外的部分显示为空孔。然而,在空孔内包含有填充材料或底部填充剂等树脂成分时,该成分的体积也作为空孔的体积而包括其中。烧结铜柱中所占的铜的体积比例能够从烧结铜柱的截面的SEM像中求出。
烧结铜柱中的、与第1部件的接合面及与第2部件的接合面之间的最短距离H(有时也称为“烧结铜柱的高度”)可以为5~200μm,也可以为10~150μm,也可以为20~100μm。
烧结铜柱中的、与柱所延伸的方向垂直的截面上的最小直径W(有时也称为“烧结铜柱的宽度(直径)”)可以为10~500μm,也可以为25~300μm,也可以为50~150μm。
烧结铜柱中的、上述H与上述W之比(H/W)(有时也称为“烧结铜柱的截面纵横比”)可以为0.01~4.0,也可以为0.1~2.5,也可以为0.15~2.0。
上述H及上述W能够从烧结铜柱截面的SEM像中求出。
在本实施方式的接合体中,第1部件和/或第2部件的接合面与烧结铜柱之间的剪切强度能够设为4MPa以上,可以为10MPa以上,也可以为20MPa以上。此时,第1部件和/或第2部件的接合面能够具有上述金属,也可以具有上述金属作为金属层。
剪切强度例如能够通过使用焊接强度试验装置,并利用装置的工具以恒定速度沿水平方向推动烧结铜柱,且烧结铜柱与部件的接合面剥离时的最大强度除以柱的截面积来计算出。
<接合体的制造方法>
本实施方式的接合体的制造方法是制造上述本实施方式所涉及的接合体的方法,该方法包括通过烧结配设在第1部件与第2部件之间的柱前体来形成烧结铜柱的工序。柱前体含有金属粒子及有机分散介质,金属粒子能够包含铜粒子。
在本实施方式中,通过在第1部件上例如利用印刷将铜膏(烧结铜柱形成用铜膏)成型为柱状后,搭载第2部件,从而能够在第1部件与第2部件之间设置柱前体。
[烧结铜柱形成用铜膏]
本实施方式所涉及的烧结铜柱形成用铜膏含有金属粒子及有机分散介质,金属粒子包含铜粒子。
作为铜粒子,可以举出亚微铜粒子、微铜粒子等。亚微铜粒子是指,具有0.01μm以上且小于0.8μm的粒径的铜粒子。微铜粒子是指,具有0.8μm以上且50μm以下的粒径的铜粒子。
从容易确保接合强度及连接可靠性的观点考虑,本实施方式的铜膏包含亚微铜粒子为较佳。铜膏根据需要可以进一步包含微铜粒子和/或铜粒子以外的其他金属粒子。
(亚微铜粒子)
作为亚微铜粒子,能够使用在150℃以上且300℃以下的温度范围内具有烧结性的铜粒子。作为亚微铜粒子,可以举出粒径为0.01μm以上且小于0.8μm的铜粒子,例如能够使用体积平均粒径为0.01μm以上且小于0.8μm的铜粒子。只要亚微铜粒子的体积平均粒径为0.01μm以上,则容易获得抑制亚微铜粒子的合成成本、分散性良好、抑制表面处理剂的使用量的效果。只要亚微铜粒子的体积平均粒径小于0.8μm,则容易获得亚微铜粒子的烧结性优异的效果。从进一步发挥上述效果的观点考虑,亚微铜粒子的体积平均粒径的上限可以为0.6μm以下,也可以为0.5μm以下,也可以为0.4μm以下。并且,亚微铜粒子的体积平均粒径的下限可以为0.02μm以上,也可以为0.05μm以上,也可以为0.1μm以上。作为亚微铜粒子的体积平均粒径,例如可以为0.01μm以上且0.5μm以下,也可以为0.12μm以上且小于0.8μm,也可以为0.15μm以上且小于0.8μm,也可以为0.15μm以上且0.6μm以下,也可以为0.2μm以上且0.5μm以下,也可以为0.3μm以上且0.45μm以下。
另外,在本说明书中,体积平均粒径是指50%体积平均粒径。在求出铜粒子的体积平均粒径的情况下,能过通过如下方法等求出,使用光散射法粒度分布测定装置(例如,岛津纳米粒径分布测定装置(SALD-7500nano,Shimadzu Corporation制造))对使成为测定原料的铜粒子、或从铜膏去除挥发成分而获得的干燥铜粒子利用分散剂分散于分散介质中的物质进行测定。使用光散射法粒度分布测定装置的情况下,作为分散介质,能够使用己烷、甲苯、α-萜品醇、4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮等。
亚微铜粒子的形状并无特别限定。亚微铜粒子例如可以为球状、块状、针状、柱状、片状或大致球状,也可以为这些形状的粒子的凝聚体。从分散性及填充性的观点考虑,亚微铜粒子的形状可以为球状、大致球状或片状,从可燃性、分散性、与片状微粒的混合性等观点考虑,可以为球状或大致球状。在本说明书中,“片状”包含板状、鳞片状等平板状的形状。
从分散性、填充性及与片状微粒的混合性的观点考虑,亚微铜粒子的纵横比可以为5以下,可以为4以下,也可以为3以下。在本说明书中,“粒子的纵横比”(例如,亚微铜粒子的纵横比)表示粒子(例如,亚微铜粒子)的长边/厚度。粒子的长边及厚度的测定例如能够粒子的SEM像求出。
亚微铜粒子可以由特定的表面处理剂进行处理。作为特定的表面处理剂,例如可以举出碳原子数2~18的有机酸(例如具有碳原子数1~17的烷基的有机酸)。作为碳原子数2~18的有机酸,例如可以举出乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、甲基庚酸、乙基己酸、丙基戊酸、壬酸、甲基辛酸、乙基庚酸、丙基己酸、癸酸、甲基壬酸、乙基辛酸、丙基庚酸、丁基己酸、十一烷酸、甲基癸酸、乙基壬酸、丙基辛酸、丁基庚酸、月桂酸、甲基十一烷酸、乙基癸酸、丙基壬酸、丁基辛酸、戊基庚酸、十三烷酸、甲基十二烷酸、乙基十一烷酸、丙基癸酸、丁基壬酸、戊基辛酸、肉豆蔻酸、甲基十三酸、乙基十二烷酸、丙基十一烷酸、丁基癸酸、戊基壬酸、己基辛酸、十五烷酸、甲基十四烷酸、乙基十三烷酸、丙基十二烷酸、丁基十一烷酸、戊基癸酸、己基壬酸、棕榈酸、甲基十五烷酸、乙基十四烷酸、丙基十三烷酸、丁基十二烷酸、戊基十一酸、十六烷酸、庚基壬酸、十七烷酸、十八烷酸、甲基环己烷羧酸、乙基环己烷羧酸、丙基环己烷羧酸、丁基环己烷羧酸、戊基环己烷羧酸、己基环己烷羧酸、庚基环己烷羧酸、辛基环己烷羧酸、壬基环己烷羧酸等饱和脂肪酸;辛烯酸、壬烯酸、甲基壬烯酸、癸烯酸、十一碳烯酸、十二碳烯酸、十三碳烯酸、十四碳烯酸、肉豆蔻酸、十五碳烯酸、十六碳烯酸、棕榈油酸、松香酸、油酸、异油酸、亚油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸;对苯二甲酸、均苯四甲酸、邻苯氧基苯甲酸、甲基苯甲酸、乙基苯甲酸、丙基苯甲酸、丁基苯甲酸、戊基苯甲酸、己基苯甲酸、庚基苯甲酸、辛基苯甲酸和壬基苯甲酸等芳香族羧酸。有机酸可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上。通过组合这种有机酸与上述亚微铜粒子,趋于能够兼顾亚微铜粒子的分散性及烧结时的有机酸的脱附性。
表面处理剂的处理量可以为0.07质量%以上且2.1质量%以下,可以为0.10质量%以上且1.6质量%以下,也可以为0.2质量%以上且1.1质量%以下。
作为亚微铜粒子,能够使用市售品。作为市售的亚微铜粒子,例如可以举出CH-0200(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造,体积平均粒径0.36μm)、HT-14(MitsuiMining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造,体积平均粒径0.41μm)、CT-500(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造,体积平均粒径0.72μm)、Tn-Cu100(TAIYO NIPPON SANSOCORPORATION制造,体积平均粒径0.12μm)及Cu-C-40(FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造,体积平均粒径0.2μm)。
以金属粒子的总质量为基准,亚微铜粒子的含量可以为30质量%以上、40质量%以上、50质量%以上或60质量%以上,也可以为100质量%以下、95质量%以下、90质量%以下或80质量%以下。以金属粒子的总质量为基准,亚微铜粒子的含量可以为30质量%以上且100质量%以下,可以为40质量%以上且90质量%以下,可以为50质量%以上且95质量%以下,可以为50质量%以上且80质量%以下,可以为60质量%以上且80质量%以下,也可以为60质量%以上且90质量%以下。只要亚微铜粒子的含量在上述范围内,容易确保烧结通过铜膏形成的柱前体烧结而获得的接合体的接合强度,接合体的部件为微型设备时,微型设备趋于显示良好的芯片剪切强度及连接可靠性。
从烧结的促进、第1部件与第2部件的良好的连接及低温烧结性的显现的观点考虑,以铜膏总量为基准,亚微铜粒子的含量可以为20质量%以上且95质量%以下,可以为30质量%以上且85质量%以下,也可以为40质量%以上且75质量%以下。
(微铜粒子)
作为微铜粒子,能够使用粒径为0.8μm以上且50μm以下的铜粒子,例如能够使用体积平均粒径为0.8μm以上且50μm以下的铜粒子。
微铜粒子优选与亚微铜粒子组合来调合。该情况下,能够降低烧结通过铜膏形成的柱前体时的体积收缩、空隙的产生等,容易确保烧结通过铜膏形成的柱前体烧结而获得的接合体的接合强度,接合体的部件为微型设备时,微型设备趋于显示良好的芯片剪切强度及连接可靠性。从进一步发挥上述效果的观点考虑,微铜粒子的体积平均粒径可以为0.8μm以上且20μm以下,可以为0.8μm以上且10μm以下,可以为2μm以上且20μm以下,可以为2μm以上且10μm以下,可以为3μm以上且20μm以下,也可以为3μm以上且10μm以下。
微铜粒子的形状并无特别限定。微铜粒子例如可以为球状、块状、针状、片状或大致球状,也可以为这些形状的粒子的凝聚体。
在本实施方式中,能够将片状微铜粒子与亚微铜粒子组合来调合。该情况下,柱前体内的微铜粒子通过与接合面大致平行地取向,能够抑制烧结柱前体时的接合面方向的体积收缩,容易确保烧结柱前体而获得的接合体的接合强度。接合体的部件为微型设备时,微型设备趋于显示良好的芯片剪切强度及连接可靠性。从进一步发挥上述效果的观点考虑,片状的微铜粒子的纵横比优选为3以上,更优选为4以上,进一步优选为6以上。
在微铜粒子中,有无表面处理剂的处理并无特别限定。从分散稳定性及抗氧化性的观点考虑,微铜粒子可以由表面处理剂处理。表面处理剂在接合时被去除。作为这种表面处理剂,例如可以举出十二烷酸、棕榈酸、十七烷酸、脂肪酸、花生酸、亚油酸、亚油酸、油酸等脂肪族羧酸;对苯二甲酸、均苯四甲酸、邻苯氧基苯甲酸等芳香族羧酸;鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、异冰片基环己醇、四甘醇等脂肪族醇;对苯基苯酚等芳香族醇;辛胺、十二烷胺、硬脂胺等烷基胺;硬脂腈、癸腈等脂肪族腈;烷基烷氧基硅烷等硅烷偶联剂;聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、硅酮低聚物等高分子处理剂等。表面处理剂可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上。
微铜粒子能够使用市售品。作为市售的片状微铜粒子,例如可以举出MA-C025KFD(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径7.5μm)、4L3N(FUKUDA METALFOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径3.0μm)、3L3N(FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWDERCo.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径5.7μm)、3L3(FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径8.0μm)、2L3N(FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径9.9μm)、1110F(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径3.8μm)、1050YP(MitsuiMining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径0.94μm)、1100YP(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径1.2μm)、1200YP(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径3.4μm)及1400YP(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径5.2μm)。
作为球状或大致球状的微铜粒子,例如可以举出1050Y(Mitsui Mining&SmeltingCo.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径0.81μm)、1100Y(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径1.1μm)、1200Y(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径2.1μm)、1300Y(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径4.6μm)、1400Y(MitsuiMining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径5.5μm)、1200YM(Mitsui Mining&SmeltingCo.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径1.9μm)、1300YM(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径3.4μm)、1400YM(Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径4.2μm)、Cu-HWQ 1.5μm(FUKUDA MET AL FOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径1.5μm)、Cu-HWQ 1.5μm(FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径1.4μm)、Cu-HWQ 3.0μm(FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径3.0μm)、Cu-HWQ 5.0μm(FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWD ER Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径4.1μm)及Cu-HWQ 10μm(FUKUDA MET AL FOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造、体积平均粒径9.4μm)。
以金属粒子的总质量为基准,微铜粒子的含量可以为0质量%以上、超过0质量%、5质量%以上或10质量%以上,也可以为70质量%以下、50质量%以下或40质量%以下。以金属粒子的总质量为基准,微铜粒子的含量优选为0质量%以上且70质量%以下,更优选为超过0质量%且70质量%以下,进一步优选为5质量%以上且50质量%以下,尤其优选为10质量%以上且40质量%以下。
本实施方式的铜膏中,以金属粒子的总质量为基准,能够以超过0质量%且50质量%以下的比例包含体积平均粒径为0.8μm以上且50μm以下的微铜粒子,优选包含体积平均粒径为2μm以上且50μm以下的微铜粒子。该情况下,能够降低烧结成型为柱状的铜膏时的体积收缩、空隙的产生等,容易确保通过烧结铜柱接合的接合体的接合强度。
调合片状微铜粒子的情况下,从有效地获得上述效果的观点考虑,以金属粒子的总质量为基准,片状微铜粒子的含量优选为0质量%以上且70质量%以下,更优选为5质量%以上且50质量%以下,进一步优选为10质量%以上且40质量%以下,从抑制柱前体的高度的偏差,并且充分确保烧结铜柱的强度,来进一步抑制龟裂的产生的观点考虑,尤其优选为20质量%以上且40质量%以下。
本实施方式的铜膏能够在不损害基于上述微铜粒子及亚微铜粒子的效果的范围内,包含铜纳米粒子。铜纳米粒子实际具有小于0.01μm的粒径的铜粒子。从使烧结铜柱更致密,且提高铜含量的观点考虑,以金属粒子的总质量为基准,铜纳米粒子的含量优选为30质量%以下,更优选为15质量%以下,进一步优选为5质量%以下,尤其优选为1质量%以下,极其优选为0质量%即不包含铜纳米粒子。
(铜粒子以外的其他金属粒子)
金属粒子可以包含亚微铜粒子及微铜粒子等铜粒子以外的其他金属粒子,例如,可以包含锌、镍、银、金、钯、铂等粒子。铜粒子以外的其他金属粒子的体积平均粒径可以为0.01μm以上且10μm以下,也可以为0.01μm以上且5μm以下,也可以为0.05μm以上且3μm以下。金属粒子包含其他金属粒子的情况下,从可获得充分的接合性的观点考虑,以金属粒子的总质量为基准,其他金属粒子的含量可以小于20质量%,可以为10质量%以下,可以为5质量%以下,也可以为1质量%以下。金属粒子可以不包含其他金属粒子。其他金属粒子的形状并无特别限定。
以金属粒子的总质量为基准,其他金属粒子的含量可以为1质量%以上,也可以为5质量%以上。铜膏包含铜粒子以外的金属粒子的情况下,尤其包含具有熔点低的金属种类的金属粒子的情况下,能够降低烧结温度。此外,能够获得多种金属固溶或分散的烧结体,因此改善烧结体的屈服应力、疲劳强度等机械特性,容易提高连接可靠性。并且,通过添加多种金属粒子,烧结体相对于特定的被黏合体能够具有充分的接合强度。接合体的部件为微型设备时,容易提高微型设备的芯片剪切强度及连接可靠性。
(有机分散介质)
有机分散介质包含具有小于280℃沸点的溶剂(以下,也称为“低沸点溶剂”。)及具有280℃以上沸点的溶剂(以下,也称为“高沸点溶剂”。)。本实施方式中,以有机分散介质的总质量为基准,高沸点溶剂的含量为50~99质量%。通过使用这种有机分散介质,在长时间放置柱前体后进行接合部件的搭载及烧结时,也能够稳定地形成用烧结铜柱接合的接合体。获得这种效果的理由尚不清楚,但本发明人等推测,柱前体中的有机分散介质的种类及量对稳定地形成烧结铜柱带来影响。即,认为在本发明中,柱前体中所包含的高沸点溶剂的量在从柱前体的形成至接合部件的搭载之间不易变动,并且通过柱前体中所残留的一定量的高沸点溶剂,维持密合性及可挠性,作为结果,获得了上述效果。并且,通过低沸点溶剂获得适当的流动性,因此容易将铜膏成型为柱状。
从能够更有效且更高精确度地形成柱的观点考虑,作为低沸点溶剂,优选沸点为270℃以下的溶剂,更优选沸点为260℃以下的溶剂,进一步优选沸点为250℃以下的溶剂。低沸点溶剂的沸点例如为200℃以上。
作为低沸点溶剂,可以举出α-萜品醇、二乙二醇一丁醚、二乙二醇一丁醚乙酸酯、4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-2-酮、二氢松油醇等。在烧结柱前体前,在干燥工序或升温过程中能够容易去除低沸点溶剂。在这些中,从在与后述的高沸点溶剂的组合中能够更有效且更高精确度地成型柱的观点考虑,也优选α-萜品醇及二氢松油醇。低沸点溶剂可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用多种。
作为高沸点溶剂,优选沸点为290℃以上的溶剂,更优选沸点为300℃以上的溶剂。由于具有这种沸点的分散介质直到烧成温度即150℃~300℃为止容易残留在柱前体中,因此更容易维持密合性及可挠性。并且,通过使用具有这种沸点的分散介质,趋于能够进一步延长基于烧结铜柱能够稳定地形成接合体的放置时间(从柱前体的形成到接合部件的搭载的时间)。另一方面,作为具有280℃以上沸点的溶剂,优选沸点为450℃以下的溶剂,更优选沸点为400℃以下的溶剂。溶剂即使在沸点以下的温度下,也会通过其蒸气压挥发而去除,但在沸点超过450℃的溶剂中,即使在烧结温度150℃~300℃下,挥发速度变得过慢,而容易产生残留溶剂对烧结的阻碍。
作为高沸点溶剂,为了提高所包含的金属粒子(例如,亚微铜粒子、微铜粒子等铜粒子)的分散性,优选选择具有与金属粒子表面的亲和性高的结构的溶剂。例如,金属粒子被包含烷基的表面处理剂进行表面处理时,优选选择具有烷基的溶剂。作为金属粒子的表面处理剂与高沸点溶剂的组合,优选表面处理剂为包含碳原子数1~17的烷基的有机酸,且高沸点溶剂为包含碳原子数1~17的烷基的溶剂,更优选为表面处理剂为包含碳原子数5~17的烷基的有机酸,且高沸点溶剂为包含碳原子数5~17的烷基的溶剂,进一步优选为表面处理剂为包含碳原子数10~17的烷基的有机酸,高沸点溶剂为包含碳原子数10~17的烷基的溶剂。根据上述组合,在增加高沸点溶剂的含量时,也能够良好地分散金属粒子。
作为具体的高沸点溶剂,可以举出异冰片基环己醇(MTPH、NIPPON TERPENECHEMICALS,INC.制造)、硬脂酸丁酯、EXEPARL BS(Kao Corporation制造)、脂肪酸脂肪酯、EXEPARL SS(Kao Corporation制造)、脂肪酸2-乙基己酯、EXEPARL EH-S(Kao Corporation制造)、脂肪酸异十三烷基酯、EXEPARL TD-S(Kao Corporation制造)、异十八烷酯、FINEOXOCOL 180(Nissan Chemical Corporation制造)、FINEOXOCOL 180T(NissanChemical Corporation制造)、2-己基癸醇、FINEOXOCOL 1600(Nissan ChemicalCorporation制造)、三丁酸甘油酯、四甘醇、十七烷、十八烷、十九烷、二十烷、二十一烷、二十二烷、甲基十七烷、三癸基环己烷、四癸基环己烷、五癸基环己烷、六癸基环己烷、十一烷基苯、十二烷苯基、十四烷基苯、十三烷基苯、十五烷基苯、十六烷基苯、十七烷基苯、壬基萘磺酸、二苯基丙烷、辛酸辛酯、豆蔻酸甲酯、豆蔻酸乙酯、亚油酸甲酯、脂肪酸甲酯、三甘醇双(2-乙基己酸)、柠檬酸三丁酯、戊基苯酚、癸二酸二丁酯、油醇、鲸蜡醇、甲氧基苯乙醇、苄基苯酚、十六烷腈、十七烷腈、苯甲酸苄酯、环庚草醚等。在这些中,优选异冰片基环己醇、脂肪酸异十三烷基酯、辛酸辛酯、脂肪酸2-乙基己酯及硬脂酸丁酯,尤其优选异冰片基环己醇、辛酸辛酯及硬脂酸丁酯,进一步优选异冰片基环己醇及硬脂酸丁酯。高沸点溶剂可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用多种。组合使用2种以上的高沸点溶剂的情况下,例如与单独使用粘度比较高的高沸点溶剂(异冰片基环己醇、硬脂酸丁酯等)时相比,通过溶剂的组合,具有高粘度的溶剂被其他溶剂稀释,因此膏的粘度降低,膏的脱版性及涂布性能提升。并且,作为2种以上的高沸点溶剂之一使用硬脂酸丁酯(凝固点25℃左右)时,趋于凝固点降低,防止膏的固化。尤其,异冰片基环己醇优选与三丁酸甘油酯组合来使用。并且,硬脂酸丁酯优选与辛酸辛酯组合使用。
以有机分散介质的总质量为基准,高沸点溶剂的含量为50质量%以上,从不易引起从柱前体的挥发,而直到烧结容易残留在柱前体中的观点考虑,优选为60质量%以上,更优选为70质量%以上,进一步优选为80质量%以上,尤其优选为90质量%以上。以有机分散介质的总质量为基准,高沸点溶剂的含量为99质量%以下,从通过印刷容易将铜膏高精确度地成型为柱状的观点考虑,优选为98质量%以下,更优选为97.5质量%以下。
作为高沸点溶剂使用异冰片基环己醇的情况下,以有机分散介质的总质量为基准,异冰片基环己醇的含量可以为10质量%以上、15质量%以上或30质量%以上,也可以为50质量%以下、45质量%以下或30质量%以下。以有机分散介质的总质量为基准,异冰片基环己醇的含量可以为10~50质量%,可以为15~45质量%,也可以为20~30质量%。
作为高沸点溶剂使用硬脂酸丁酯的情况下,从提高铜粒子的分散性的观点及烧结为止容易残留在柱前体中的观点考虑,以有机分散介质的质量为基准,硬脂酸丁酯的含量可以为20质量%以上,可以为30质量%以上,也可以为40质量%以上。从通过印刷容易将铜膏高精确地成型为柱状的观点考虑,以有机分散介质的质量为基准,硬脂酸丁酯的含量可以为70质量%以下,可以为60质量%以下,也可以为55质量%以下。从这些观点考虑,以有机分散介质的质量为基准,硬脂酸丁酯的含量可以为20~70质量%,可以为30~60质量%,也可以为40~55质量%。
以铜膏的总质量为基准,高沸点溶剂的含量优选为5质量%以上,更优选为7质量%以上,进一步优选为8质量%以上。该情况下,趋于柱前体中的高沸点溶剂的量容易变得充分,且容易形成稳定的柱。以铜膏的总质量为基准,高沸点溶剂的含量优选为30质量%以下,更优选为25质量%以下,进一步优选为20质量%以下。该情况下,趋于容易通过印刷将铜膏高精确度地成型为柱状。从这些观点考虑,以铜膏的总质量为基准,高沸点溶剂的含量优选为5~30质量%,更优选为7~25质量%,进一步优选为8~20质量%。
相对于金属粒子100质量份,有机分散介质的含量可以为5~50质量份。有机分散介质的含量若在上述范围内,能够将铜膏调整为更适当的粘度,并且不易阻碍铜粒子的烧结。
铜膏中所包含的有机分散介质的种类例如能够利用高温脱附气体的气相色谱-质量分析法、及TOF-SIMS进行分析。作为其他分析方法,可以举出利用通常的有机分析(例如FT-IR、NMR、液相色谱及这些的组合)来确认通过离心分离分离粒子成分而获得的上清液的方法。有机分散介质的种类的比率能够由液相色谱、NMR等进行定量。
(可挠性赋予成分)
本实施方式的铜膏能够包含可挠性赋予成分。作为可挠性赋予成分,可以举出热分解性树脂。
从柱前体的形成后至烧成为止临时固定被黏合体与柱前体的观点考虑,作为热分解性树脂,优选能够显现黏合性或胶黏性的非结晶高分子。并且,热分解性树脂优选兼备以烧结温度分解且能够无残渣地分解的热分解性。
热分解性树脂的热分解性温度优选为300℃以下,更优选为250℃以下。另外,热分解性树脂的热分解性温度是指热分解性树脂的分解开始温度,在TG/DTA测定中设定为5%减重温度。然而,该温度不是在空气这种的氧化气氛下,而是在包含氢气、甲酸等的还原气氛下或去除氧气的惰性气体气氛下的分解开始温度。
由于热分解性树脂的热分解后的残渣阻碍铜粒子的烧结,因此越少越好。热分解性树脂的热分解后的残渣的量相对于热分解前的树脂的总质量,优选为5质量%以下,更优选为3质量%以下,进一步优选为2质量%以下。热分解性树脂的热分解后的残渣量能够作为在3~5质量%的含氢气的惰性气体(氮气或氩气)中通过热分解性树脂的TG/DTA以烧结温度仅保持烧结时间后的重量变化量进行测定。另外,由于在空气中的TG/DTA测定进行氧化分解,因此相比还原气氛下的残渣量变少,因此不优选。
另外,热分解性树脂优选相对于上述有机分散介质具有溶解性。作为具有对有机分散介质的溶解性及上述所期望特性的热分解性树脂,可以举出聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚酯。
以铜膏的总质量为基准,铜膏中的热分解性树脂的含量可以为25质量%以下,可以为15质量%以下,可以为5质量%以下,也可以为3质量%以下。若目的是形成烧结铜柱,则可以不调合热分解性树脂。另一方面,从增加总溶剂中所包含的可挠性赋予成分的比例来降低干燥进展的观点考虑,以铜膏的总质量为基准,铜膏中的热分解性树脂的含量可以为5质量%以上。
本实施方式的结铜柱形成用铜膏能够调整为适合用于形成柱前体的印刷/涂布方法的粘度。铜膏在25℃下的粘度可以为50Pa·s以上且2000Pa·s以下,可以为100Pa·s以上且1750Pa·s以下,也可以为200Pa·s以上且1500Pa·s以下。铜膏的粘度在上述范围内的情况下,容易通过后述的各种印刷方法形成柱前体。
在本说明书中,烧结铜柱形成用铜膏的粘度是指通过E型粘度计在25℃下且转速0.5rpm的条件下进行测定的值。作为E型粘度计,例如能够使用Toki Sangyo Co.,Ltd制造,产品名称:VISCOMETER-TV33型粘度计。作为锥形转子的测定用夹具,例如能够应用3°×R14、SPP。
本实施方式的烧结铜柱形成用铜膏的触变指数(以下,也称为TI值)可以为2.0以上且20以下,可以为3.0以上且15以下,也可以为4.0以上且10以下。若铜膏的TI值在该范围内,则通过剪切力而铜膏低粘度化,因此通过在印刷前利用手工操作或搅拌装置(例如自转公转式搅拌装置(Planetary Vacuum Mixer ARV-310,THINKY CORPORATION制造)等)搅拌而便于印刷,并且,铜膏附着于作为被黏合体的部件后通过静置恢复粘度,从而能够抑制印刷物的过度的润湿扩散。
本说明书中,TI值设为在使用E型粘度计在25℃下且转速0.5rpm的条件下测定的粘度为μ0.5、在25℃下且转速5rpm的条件下测定的粘度为μ5时,使用下述式计算出的值。
TI值=μ0.5/μ5
[铜膏的制备方法]
铜膏能够通过将上述铜粒子、有机分散介质、根据需要,加上可挠性赋予成分及其他金属粒子及任意的添加剂进行混合来制备。例如,能够在将可挠性赋予成分溶解于有机溶剂后,添加亚微铜粒子、微铜粒子、其他金属粒子及任意添加剂进行分散处理来制备。或者,能够将可挠性赋予成分混合并溶解于有机溶剂的溶液、将铜粒子混合于溶剂并进行分散处理的分散液、其他金属粒子及任意添加剂进行混合来制备。并且,高沸点溶剂与金属粒子的分散性不充分时,也可以使金属粒子分散于低沸点溶剂后,通过添加并混合高沸点溶剂来制备铜膏。金属粒子的表面处理剂与高沸点溶剂的组合为上述的优选组合时,则不需要这种操作,从而能够更有效地制备含有更过多高沸点溶剂的金属膏。
铜粒子包含亚微铜粒子及微铜粒子的情况下,可以根据需要在有机溶剂或可挠性赋予成分中加入分散剂,首先在混合亚微铜粒子的基础上进行分散处理,进而对微铜粒子,根据需要加入其他金属粒子进行分散处理。亚微铜粒子和微铜粒子有时适于分散的分散方法、分散条件彼此不同。一般在亚微铜粒子中,需要比微铜粒子强度更强的分散,另一方面,微铜粒子容易分散且在低强度的分散下就充分,而且在强分散下微铜粒子产生变形。通过设为上述步骤,分散性变得良好,且能够进一步提高铜膏的性能。也可以通过对分散液进行分级操作来去除凝聚物。
在本制备方法中,可以在各成分的混合后进行搅拌处理。铜膏可以通过分级操作来调整分散液的最大粒径。此时,分散液的最大粒径能够设为20μm以下,也能够设为10μm以下。
分散处理能够使用分散机或搅拌机进行。例如,石川式搅拌机、SILVERSON搅拌机、气蚀搅拌机、自转公转式搅拌装置、超薄膜高速旋转式分散机、超声波分散机、擂溃机、双螺杆混炼机、珠磨机、球磨机、三辊磨机、均质混合器、行星搅拌机、超高压式分散机、薄层剪切分散机等。
搅拌处理能够使用搅拌机进行。例如,可以举出石川式搅拌机、自转公转式搅拌装置、擂溃机、双螺杆混炼机、三辊磨机、行星搅拌机等。
分级操作例如能够利用过滤、自然沉降、离心分离等进行。作为过滤用过滤器,例如可以举出宽齿梳、金属网、金属过滤器、尼龙网等。
[柱前体的形成]
在本实施方式的方法中,通过在第1部件上利用印刷将铜膏(烧结铜柱形成用铜膏)成型为柱状后,搭载第2部件,从而能够在第1部件与第2部件之间设置柱前体。
作为铜膏的印刷方法,例如能够使用丝网印刷、转印印刷、胶版印刷、喷射印刷、滴注机、喷射滴注机、针型滴注机、逗号涂布机、狭缝涂布机、模涂布机、凹板涂布机、狭缝涂布法、凸版印刷、凹版印刷、凹版(gravure)印刷、模版印刷、软孔板印刷、棒涂、敷抹、粒子堆积法、喷射涂布机、旋转涂布机、浸渍涂布机、电沉积涂装等。
从制造工序简单,容易保持形状的稳定性、及容易进行厚膜印刷等观点考虑,优选通过丝网印刷或模版印刷将铜膏成型为柱状。该情况下,例如在第1部件1上配置金属掩模4(图2的(a)),接着,使用刮板5延展铜膏3a,并在金属掩模4的孔部分填充铜膏3a(图2的(b)及(c))。由此,在第1部件1上设置成型为柱状的铜膏3b(图3的(a))。
用于丝网印刷或模版印刷的金属掩模的导孔直径可以为30μm以上且200μm以下,也可以为50μm以上且100μm以下。孔的配置可以是格子状,间距间隔可以为1μm以上且500μm以下。刮板角度可以为10°以上且90°以下,也可以为45°以上70°以下。
印刷高度H1可以为5μm以上且500μm以下,也可以为10μm以上且200μm以下。并且,从印刷后的柱端部的润湿扩散W1可以为100μm以下,也可以为50μm以下。
搭载第2部件2时的压入深度(H1-H2)从成型为柱状的铜膏的最上部起可以为500μm以下,可以为100μm以下,也可以为50μm以下。考虑所形成的烧结铜柱或柱前体的高度来设定H2。
例如第1部件及第2部件为微型设备及基板的情况下,例如能够使用芯片安装器、倒装芯片键合机、碳制造或陶瓷制造的定位夹具进行第2部件的搭载。
由此,在第1部件1及第2部件2之间设置柱前体3c(图3的(b))。
接着,通过烧结配设在第1部件1及第2部件2之间的柱前体3c形成烧结铜柱3,以获得接合体10(图3的(c))。
从抑制烧结时的流动及空隙的产生的观点考虑,也可以适当干燥柱前体。干燥时的气体气氛可以在大气中,可以在氮气、稀有气体等无氧气气氛中,也可以在氢气、甲酸等还原气氛中。干燥方法可以为利用常温放置的干燥,可以为加热干燥,也可以为减压干燥。加热干燥或减压干燥时,例如能够使用加热板、热风干燥机、热风加热炉、氮气干燥机、红外线干燥机、红外线加热炉、远红外线加热炉、微波加热装置、激光加热装置、电磁加热装置、加热器加热装置、蒸汽加热炉、热板冲压装置等。干燥的温度及时间可以配合所使用的有机分散介质及可挠性赋予成分的种类及量进行适当调整。作为干燥的温度及时间,例如能够设为50℃以上且180℃以下,及30秒以上且120分钟以下。
柱前体的烧结能够通过加热处理来进行。加热处理时例如能够使用加热板、热风干燥机、热风加热炉、氮气干燥机、红外线干燥机、红外线加热炉、远红外线加热炉、微波加热装置、激光加热装置、电磁加热装置、加热器加热装置、蒸汽加热炉等。
从去除柱前体中所包含的铜粒子及被黏合面的表面氧化物的观点考虑,烧结时的气体气氛可以为还原气氛。作为还原气氛,例如可以举出纯氢气中、以合成气体为代表的氢气及氮气的混合气体中、包含甲酸气体的氮气中、氢气及稀有气体的混合气体中、包含甲酸气体的稀有气体中等。
在本实施方式中,柱前体的直径小时(尤其,在200μm以下时),甲酸进入到柱前体的内部,所以容易还原铜粒子,且能够在包含甲酸气体的还原气氛中充分烧结铜粒子。该情况下,能够使用甲酸回焊炉进行烧结,能够有效地提高烧结的程度。
从充分进行烧结且降低对微型设备及基板等部件的热损伤及提高成品率的观点考虑,加热处理时的到达最高温度可以为150℃以上且300℃以下,可以为170℃以上且250℃以下,也可以为200℃以上且250℃以下。只要到達最高温度为150℃以上,则即使到達最高温度保持时间为60分钟以下,烧结也有充分进行的倾向。
从能够充分去除有机分散介质及可挠性赋予成分,充分地进行烧结,并且提高成品率的观点考虑,到达最高温度保持时间可以为1分钟以上且60分钟以下,可以为1分钟以上且小于40分钟,也可以为1分钟以上且小于30分钟。
本实施方式的接合体的制造方法可以进一步具备在烧结铜柱周围填充树脂的工序。该情况下,获得在第1部件1与第2部件2之间设置有密封材料6的接合体20(图4)。
作为密封材料,从保护接合部位不受热、湿气及冲击,且进一步提高连接可靠性的观点考虑,能够使用压缩模塑用密封材料、液状密封材料、传递模塑密封材料、底部填充剂用密封材料等。
<带有接合用柱的部件>
本实施方式的带有接合用柱的部件,例如为具备具有金属层的部件及设置在金属层上的柱,并经由柱与其他部件接合的带有接合用柱的部件,其中,柱由烧结铜构成,以构成柱的成分(其中,除了碳、氧气及氮气以外)的合计质量为基准,柱中所包含的铜的含量为96质量%以上,柱中所占的铜的体积比例为50体积%以上。
图5是表示带有接合用柱的部件的一实施方式的示意剖视图。图5所示的带有接合用柱的部件30具备第1部件1、及设置在第1部件1上的柱3d。带有接合用柱的部件30与第2部件接合。
关于带有接合用柱的部件30,例如以与上述本实施方式的接合体的制造方法相同的方式进行(图3的(a)),直到在第1部件上成型为柱状为止,通过烧结成型为柱状的铜膏来获得。
部件的选定、铜膏的准备、铜膏的成型及烧结能够以与上述本实施方式的接合体的制造方法相同的方式进行。优选条件也相同。
由烧结铜构成且具有上述结构的接合用柱与电解镀敷相比,能够在更短的时间内形成,缩短导热率及导电率优异,且不易产生电迁移。根据具备这种柱的带有接合用柱的部件,容易确保接合于其他部件而获得的接合体的连接可靠性,并且能够实现接合体的制造工序的短时间化。
经由柱将本实施方式的带有接合用柱的部件接合于其他部件的情况下,能够使用铜膏。该情况下,使用相同种类的烧结铜接合柱,因此获得电迁移耐性的提升、克氏空孔的抑制、导热系数的提升、数据传送特性的提升效果,结果能够获得连接可靠性及电特性优异的安装体。上述铜膏能够设为与本实施方式的烧结铜柱形成用铜膏相同结构。
实施例
以下,通过实施例及比较例,对本发明进行进一步具体说明,但本发明并不限定于以下实施例。
(实施例1)
通过下述方法,进行铜膏的制备、接合体的制成及其评价、以及带有接合用柱的部件的制成及其评价。
[铜膏的制备]
在玛瑙乳钵中将α-萜品醇(分散介质、Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.制造)0.058g、三丁酸甘油酯(分散介质)0.256g、预先制备的CH-0200(亚微铜粒子、MitsuiMining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造的产品名称,50%体积平均粒径:0.36μm、表面处理剂:月桂酸)与α-萜品醇(分散介质,Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.制造)的浆料的混合物(CH-200∶α-萜品醇=91∶9,质量比)2.189g、3L3N(片状微铜粒子、FUKUDA METAL FOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造的产品名称,体积平均粒径:5.7μm)0.493g、及锌(其他金属粒子、Alfa Aesar公司制造,产品编号:13789)0.006g混炼,直到没有干燥粉,并将混合液转移到塑料瓶。
利用自转公转式搅拌装置(Planetary Vacuum Mixer ARV-310,THINKYCORPORATION制造),将塞严的塑料瓶以2000min-1(2000转/分钟)搅拌了2分钟。由此获得了铜膏1。
[接合体的制成]
使用铜膏1,并通过以下方法形成了接合体。在作为第1部件的铜板(15mm、厚度0.3mm)上,搭载的开口以间距间隔250μm设置成格子状的不锈钢制金属掩模(每7mm的开口数为784个,厚度:50μm),并通过使用了金属刮板的模板印刷涂布了铜膏。涂布铜膏后,在室温下放置规定时间,且在设置于基板上的柱状的铜膏搭载作为第2部件的实施了Ni镀敷的Si芯片(3mm、厚度0.15mm),并用带有Spencer的压入夹具从Si芯片的上部压入10μm。规定时间设为1小时、2小时及3小时。之后,将这些层叠体(铜板/柱前体/Si芯片)放入氢气烧结炉(氢气100%还原气氛)中,并以升温速度7.5℃/分钟上升到225℃,且在225℃下保持了60分钟。之后,通过经5分钟冷却至200℃,在200℃下保持5分钟后,且淬冷至室温以获得了接合体1(放置1小时后搭载了Si芯片)、接合体2(放置2小时后搭载了Si芯片)及接合体3(放置3小时后搭载了Si芯片)。
[接合状态的评价1]
将接合体1~3表里翻过来,并施加轻微的振动,由此进行接合性的简单评价,并以下述判定基准对接合状态进行了评价。将结果示于表1。
[判定基准]
A:接合体1~3的Si芯片均未剥离,而存在于铜基板上。
B:接合体1及2的Si芯片未剥离,但接合体3的Si芯片剥离。
C:接合体1的Si芯片未剥离,但接合体2及3的Si芯片剥离。
D:接合体1~3的Si芯片均剥离。
[接合状态的评价2]
向杯中加入在上述评价1中获得的接合体,用样品夹(Samplklip I、Buehler公司制造)固定,在周围浇注环氧注入成型树脂(产品名称“Epomount”、Re fine Tec Ltd.制造)直到填满整个接合体,并在真空真空器内静置,且减压1分钟来消泡。
之后,在室温下(25℃)放置10小时来固化环氧注入注入成型树脂,以获得了注入成型样品。使用带有热固树脂切割轮的Refineso Excel(Refine Tec Ltd.制造),在注入成型样品的欲观察的截面附近切断了注入成型样品。接下来,用带有耐水研磨纸(碳纤维纸,Refine Tec Ltd.制造)的研磨装置(Refine Polisher HV、Refine Tec Ltd.制造)削取截面,露出了烧结铜柱的接合部。此外,使用离子铣削装置「IM4000」(Hitachi,Ltd.制造),并在CP模式下切取从掩模露出的端部,制成了观察用样品。
以施加电压15kV、各种倍率对观察用样品中的接合部截面进行了观察。确认到在Si芯片未剥离的接合体中,烧结铜柱与被黏合体金属接合。
(实施例2及3)
以各成分的含量成为表1所示的值的方式调整各成分的调合量以外,以与实施例1相同的方式,获得了铜膏2~3。使用所获得的铜膏2或3以外,以与实施例1相同的方式,进行了接合体的制成及其评价。将结果示于表1。
(实施例4及5)
作为分散介质使用异冰片基环己醇(Terusolve MTPH,NIPPON TERPENECHEMICALS,INC.制造)、及以各成分的含量成为表1所示的值的方式调整各成分的调合量以外,以与实施例1相同的方式,获得了铜膏4及5。使用所获得的铜膏4或5以外,以与实施例1相同的方式,进行了接合体的制成及其评价。将结果示于表1。
(实施例6)
在玛瑙乳钵中将辛酸辛酯(分散介质、Sigma-Aldrich Japan制造)0.1772g、预先制备的CH-0200(亚微铜粒子、Mitsui Mining&Smelting Co.,Ltd.制造,产品名称、50%体积平均粒径:0.36μm)与α-萜品醇(分散介质、Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.制造)与硬脂酸丁酯(分散介质、Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.制造)的浆料混合物(CH-200∶α-萜品醇∶硬脂酸丁酯=91∶0.9∶8.1、质量比)2.0308g、3L3N(片状微铜粒子、FUKUDAMETAL FOIL&POWDER Co.,Ltd.制造,产品名称、体积平均粒径:5.7μm)0.7867g、及锌(其他金属粒子、Alfa Aesar公司制造,产品编号:13789)0.006g混炼,直到没有干燥粉,并将混合液转移到塑料瓶中。
利用自转公转式搅拌装置(Planetary Vacuum Mixer ARV-310,THINKYCORPORATION制造),将塞严的塑料瓶以2000min-1(2000转/分钟)搅拌了2分钟。由此获得了铜膏6。使用所获得的铜膏6以外,以与实施例1相同的方式,进行了接合体的制成及其评价。将结果示于表1。
(实施例7~11)
以各成分的含量成为表2所示的值的方式调整各成分的调合量以外,以与实施例6相同的方式获得了铜膏7~11。分别使用所获得的铜膏7~11以外,以与实施例1相同的方式,进行了接合体的制成及其评价。将结果示于表2。
(比较例1~3)
以各成分的含量成为表3所示的值的方式,调整各成分的调合量以外,以与实施例1相同的方式,获得了铜膏12~14。另外,在比较例2中使用的α-萜品醇仅设为浆料混合物中所包含的α-萜品醇,混炼时不追加α-萜品醇。分别使用所获得的铜膏12~14以外,以与实施例1相同的方式,进行了接合体的制成及其评价。将结果示于表3。
符号说明
1-第1部件,2-第2部件,3-烧结铜柱,3a-铜膏,4-金属掩模、5-刮板,10、20-接合体,30-带有接合用柱的部件。
Claims (5)
1.一种烧结铜柱形成用铜膏,其用于形成将部件彼此接合的烧结铜柱,所述铜膏含有金属粒子及有机分散介质,
所述金属粒子包含铜粒子,
以所述有机分散介质的总质量为基准,所述有机分散介质包含50~99质量%的沸点为280℃以上的高沸点溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铜膏,其中,
以所述铜膏的总质量为基准,所述高沸点溶剂的含量为5~30质量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的铜膏,其中,
所述有机分散介质包含2种以上的所述高沸点溶剂。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的铜膏,其中,
作为所述高沸点溶剂,包含选自由异冰片基环己醇及硬脂酸丁酯组成的组中的至少一种。
5.一种接合体的制造方法,所述接合体具备第1部件、第2部件、及将所述第1部件和所述第2部件接合的烧结铜柱,所述接合体的制造方法具备:
在所述第1部件上,将权利要求1至4中任一项所述的铜膏成型为柱状后,搭载所述第2部件,在所述第1部件与所述第2部件之间设置柱前体的工序;及
通过烧结所述柱前体,形成所述烧结铜柱的工序。
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