CN114436705A - Liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114436705A CN114436705A CN202210268411.3A CN202210268411A CN114436705A CN 114436705 A CN114436705 A CN 114436705A CN 202210268411 A CN202210268411 A CN 202210268411A CN 114436705 A CN114436705 A CN 114436705A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof, wherein the liquid fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of tea seed cake extracting solution, 20-40 parts of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid, 2-6 parts of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.2-0.8 part of humate, 5-20 parts of thickening agent and 5-20 parts of dispersing agent. According to the invention, through high-temperature leaching and enzymolysis, macromolecular substances can be decomposed into absorbable micromolecular substances, and the micromolecular substances interact with cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid and bacillus subtilis, so that the effect of preventing and treating insect pests can be achieved, the growth of crops can be promoted, and a good yield-increasing effect can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid fertilizer preparation, in particular to a liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In modern agricultural production, the application of fertilizers can increase the yield of crops, but the increase of the application amount of the fertilizers can also cause some soil problems, such as severe soil hardening and change of soil microbial environment, and finally, the quality and yield of the crops can be influenced.
At present, the applied fertilizers comprise solid fertilizers and liquid fertilizers, the solid fertilizers are influenced by the moisture content of soil, the solid fertilizers are slowly dissolved and need to be slowly absorbed by root systems to exert fertilizer efficiency, and the liquid fertilizers can provide nutrients for crops in a drip irrigation or spraying mode, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizers can be improved to a great extent.
The tea seed cake is residue left after oil extraction of the camellia oil fruit, contains hemolytic saponin, and has good stomach toxicity and contact poisoning effect on many pests. Meanwhile, the tea seed cake also contains abundant protein, amino acid and other nutrient substances. However, the tea seed cake is difficult to be decomposed into the nutrient components required by the plant to absorb when directly applied to the soil. Therefore, the tea seed cake needs to be effectively extracted to prepare a liquid fertilizer with the effects of increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.
A liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
40-60 parts of tea seed cake extracting solution, 20-40 parts of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid, 2-6 parts of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.2-0.8 part of humate, 5-20 parts of thickening agent and 5-20 parts of dispersing agent.
Further, the tea seed cake extracting solution is prepared as follows:
adding the tea seed cake into water, leaching at 60-90 ℃, repeatedly leaching filter residues once, combining leaching liquor obtained in two times, and concentrating to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume;
step two, adding a complex enzyme into the concentrated solution obtained in the step one, and then carrying out enzymolysis at 40-55 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the complex enzyme consists of cellulase, pectinase and amylase;
and step three, filtering the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step two at the temperature of 10-30 ℃, adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 6.5-7.0, and then adding acid protease to obtain a tea seed cake extracting solution.
Furthermore, in the first step, the dosage ratio of the tea seed cake to the water is 1 g: 50-200 mL.
Furthermore, in the second step, the enzyme activity ratio of the cellulase, the pectinase and the amylase is 1: 0.1-0.3: 0.1 to 0.3.
Furthermore, in the second step, the enzyme activity of the acid protease is 1.0-2.0 x 105U/g, acidityThe addition amount of the protease accounts for 1.5-3.0% of the mass of the filtrate.
Further, the humate is one or more of humic acid chelated iron, sodium humate, magnesium humate, zinc humate and calcium humate.
Further, the thickener is any one of sodium bentonite, diatomite and attapulgite.
Further, the dispersing agent is one or a mixture of two of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, methylpentanol, tween-80 and sodium lignosulfonate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the weight part ratio; adjusting the pH value of the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid to 7.0-8.5, and sterilizing for 10 min;
s2, inoculating a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum into the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid treated by the S1, and performing shake culture at 25-40 ℃ for 24-36 h to obtain a biological bacterium fermentation liquid;
s3, uniformly mixing the tea seed cake extracting solution with the biological bacterium fermentation liquor of S2, then adding humate, uniformly mixing, then adding a thickening agent and a dispersing agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the liquid fertilizer for increasing the yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, effective components in the tea seed cake are extracted by a high-temperature leaching mode, and then cellulose, macromolecular protein and saccharide substances in the extracting solution are decomposed into micromolecular active substances which can be absorbed by plants through the enzymolysis of complex enzyme and acidic protease. The tea seed cake extracting solution can not only provide active nutrition for plant growth, but also play a role in preventing insect pests.
2. The cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation broth is used as the fermentation substrate, so that the nutrition is provided for the growth of the bacillus subtilis, the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation broth also has rich nutritional ingredients, the plant growth and fruit quality can be promoted, and the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation broth also has the effect of conditioning the physical and chemical properties of soil.
3. According to the invention, the tea seed cake extracting solution and the biological bacterium fermentation liquor are matched with each other, so that the effect of preventing and controlling insect pests can be achieved, the growth of crops can be promoted, and a good yield increasing effect can be achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Bacillus subtilis preparation, Zhengzhou Zhongnong Yingtai antibacterial peptide science and technology Limited.
Acid protease, Shandongtianming Biotechnology development, Inc.
The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
55 parts of tea seed cake extracting solution, 25 parts of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.2 part of sodium humate, 0.2 part of magnesium humate, 3 parts of sodium bentonite, 3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 6 parts of polyethylene glycol.
The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of tea seed cake extract
S1.1, adding the tea seed cake into water, and leaching at 90 ℃, wherein the dosage ratio of the tea seed cake to the water is 1 g: 150 mL; filtering, leaching the filter residue once again, combining the two leaching solutions, and then concentrating to 1/2 of the original volume;
s1.2, adding a complex enzyme into the concentrated solution obtained in the step S1.1, and then carrying out enzymolysis at 50 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the complex enzyme consists of cellulase, pectinase and amylase, and the enzyme activity ratio of the cellulase to the pectinase to the amylase is 1: 0.2: 0.2;
s1.3, filtering the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step S1.2 at 20 ℃, adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 6.5, and then adding acid protease to obtain a tea seed cake extracting solution; wherein the addition amount of the acid protease accounts for 2.0% of the filtrate, and the enzyme activity of the acid protease is 1.5 × 105U/g。
S2, adjusting the pH value of the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid to 8.0, and sterilizing for 10 min;
s3, inoculating a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum into the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation broth treated by the S2, and performing shake culture at 30 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a biological bacterium fermentation broth;
s4, uniformly mixing the tea seed cake extract of the S1 and the biological bacterium fermentation liquor of the S3, then adding sodium humate and magnesium humate, uniformly mixing, then adding sodium bentonite, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol, and uniformly mixing to obtain the liquid fertilizer for increasing the yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Example 2
A liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
40 parts of tea seed cake extracting solution, 20 parts of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.2 part of magnesium humate, 5 parts of sodium bentonite and 5 parts of polyethylene glycol.
The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of tea seed cake extract
S1.1, adding the tea seed cake into water, and leaching at 60 ℃, wherein the dosage ratio of the tea seed cake to the water is 1 g: 50 mL; filtering, leaching the filter residue once again, combining the two leaching solutions, and then concentrating to 1/2 of the original volume;
s1.2, adding a complex enzyme into the concentrated solution obtained in the step S1.1, and then carrying out enzymolysis at 40 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the complex enzyme consists of cellulase, pectinase and amylase, and the enzyme activity ratio of the cellulase to the pectinase to the amylase is 1: 0.1: 0.1;
s1.3, filtering the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step S1.2 at 30 ℃, adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 7.0, and then adding acid protease to obtain a tea seed cake extracting solution; wherein the addition amount of the acid protease accounts for 1.5% of the filtrate, and the enzyme activity of the acid protease is 1.0 × 105U/g。
S2, adjusting the pH value of the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid to 7.0, and sterilizing for 10 min;
s3, inoculating a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum into the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid treated by the S2, and performing shake culture at 25 ℃ for 36 hours to obtain a biological bacterium fermentation liquid;
s4, mixing the tea seed cake extract of S1 and the biological bacterium fermentation liquor of S3 uniformly, adding magnesium humate, mixing uniformly, adding sodium bentonite and polyethylene glycol, and mixing uniformly to obtain the liquid fertilizer for increasing the yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Example 3
A liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
60 parts of tea seed cake extracting solution, 40 parts of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid, 6 parts of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.4 part of sodium humate, 0.4 part of magnesium humate, 15 parts of sodium bentonite, 5 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 10 parts of polyethylene glycol.
The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of tea seed cake extract
S1.1, adding the tea seed cake into water, and leaching at 85 ℃, wherein the dosage ratio of the tea seed cake to the water is 1 g: 200 mL; filtering, leaching the filter residue once again, combining the two leaching solutions, and then concentrating to 1/3 of the original volume;
s1.2, adding a complex enzyme into the concentrated solution obtained in the step S1.1, and then carrying out enzymolysis at 55 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the complex enzyme consists of cellulase, pectinase and amylase, and the enzyme activity ratio of the cellulase, the pectinase and the amylase is 1: 0.3: 0.3;
s1.3, filtering the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step S1.2 at 20 ℃, adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 6.5, and then adding acid protease to obtain a tea seed cake extracting solution; wherein the addition amount of the acid protease accounts for 3.0% of the filtrate, and the enzyme activity of the acid protease is 2.0 × 105U/g。
S2, adjusting the pH value of the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid to 8.5, and sterilizing for 10 min;
s3, inoculating a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum into the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation broth treated by the S2, and performing shake culture at 40 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a biological bacterium fermentation broth;
s4, uniformly mixing the tea seed cake extract of the S1 and the biological bacterium fermentation liquor of the S3, then adding sodium humate and magnesium humate, uniformly mixing, then adding sodium bentonite, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol, and uniformly mixing to obtain the liquid fertilizer for increasing the yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Example 4
A liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
50 parts of tea seed cake extracting solution, 30 parts of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.3 part of sodium humate, 0.3 part of magnesium humate, 5 parts of sodium bentonite and 20 parts of polyethylene glycol.
The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of tea seed cake extracting solution
S1.1, adding the tea seed cake into water, and leaching at 85 ℃, wherein the dosage ratio of the tea seed cake to the water is 1 g: 200 mL; filtering, leaching the filter residue once again, combining the two leaching solutions, and then concentrating to 1/3 of the original volume;
s1.2, adding a complex enzyme into the concentrated solution obtained in the step S1.1, and then carrying out enzymolysis at 55 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the complex enzyme consists of cellulase, pectinase and amylase, and the enzyme activity ratio of the cellulase, the pectinase and the amylase is 1: 0.3: 0.3;
s1.3, filtering the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step S1.2 at 20 ℃, adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 6.5, and then adding acid protease to obtain a tea seed cake extracting solution; wherein the addition amount of the acid protease accounts for 3.0% of the filtrate, and the enzyme activity of the acid protease is 2.0 × 105U/g。
S2, adjusting the pH value of the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid to 8.5, and sterilizing for 10 min;
s3, inoculating the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquor treated by the S2 with a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, and performing shake culture at 40 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a biological bacterium fermentation liquor;
s4, uniformly mixing the tea seed cake extract of the S1 and the biological bacterium fermentation liquor of the S3, then adding sodium humate and magnesium humate, uniformly mixing, then adding sodium bentonite and polyethylene glycol, and uniformly mixing to obtain the liquid fertilizer for increasing the yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Comparative example 1
A liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
25 parts of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.2 part of sodium humate, 0.2 part of magnesium humate, 3 parts of sodium bentonite, 3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 3 parts of polyethylene glycol.
The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the pH value of the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid to 8.0, and sterilizing for 10 min;
s2, inoculating a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum into the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation broth treated by the S1, and performing shake culture at 30 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a biological bacterium fermentation broth;
s3, adding sodium humate and magnesium humate into the biological bacteria fermentation liquor of S2, uniformly mixing, adding sodium bentonite, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol, and uniformly mixing to obtain the liquid fertilizer for increasing the yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Comparative example 2
A liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
55 parts of tea seed cake extracting solution, 0.2 part of sodium humate, 0.2 part of magnesium humate, 3 parts of sodium bentonite, 3 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 3 parts of polyethylene glycol.
The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of tea seed cake extract
S1.1, adding the tea seed cake into water, and leaching at 90 ℃, wherein the dosage ratio of the tea seed cake to the water is 1 g: 150 mL; filtering, leaching the filter residue once again, combining the two leaching solutions, and concentrating to 1/2 of the original volume;
s1.2, adding a complex enzyme into the concentrated solution obtained in the step S1.1, and then carrying out enzymolysis at 50 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the complex enzyme consists of cellulase, pectinase and amylase, and the enzyme activity ratio of the cellulase to the pectinase to the amylase is 1: 0.2: 0.2;
s1.3, filtering the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step S1.2 at 20 ℃, adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 6.5, and then adding acid protease to obtain a tea seed cake extracting solution; wherein the addition amount of the acid protease accounts for 2.0% of the filtrate, and the enzyme activity of the acid protease is 1.5 × 105U/g。
S2, adding sodium humate and magnesium humate into the tea seed cake extracting solution of S1, uniformly mixing, adding sodium bentonite, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol, and uniformly mixing to obtain the liquid fertilizer for increasing the yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Stability detection and fertilizer efficiency detection are respectively carried out on the liquid fertilizers prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention and the liquid fertilizers prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 2.
First, stability detection
The liquid fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 is respectively placed at simulated environment temperatures of 5 ℃, 25 ℃ and 45 ℃ and is kept still for a period of time, and the change situation of the physicochemical property of the liquid fertilizer is observed.
TABLE 1 stability test results
Note: "-" indicates no significant change was observed.
The results in table 1 show that the liquid fertilizers prepared in embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention have no color change, no obvious precipitate, normal odor, and good stability, and especially maintain good stability in simulated high temperature environment (45 ℃).
Second, fertilizer efficiency detection
Taking the length of 20m and the width of 10m as a test area, dividing a test field with rice into 10 test areas, dividing 9 test areas into three groups which are respectively marked as a test A group, a test B group and a test C group; three test zones per group. Wherein experiment group a diluted 500 times liquid fertilizer of example 1 by foliar spray; experiment B group the liquid fertilizer of comparative example 1 diluted 500 times by foliar spray; experiment C group the liquid fertilizer of comparative example 2 diluted 500 times by foliar spray. The 1 test area was set as a control group, which was sprayed with water.
After the liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, normal field management is carried out, and the insect pest condition of the rice is regularly checked.
Collecting rice grains in a rice harvesting period, and collecting grains of 100 rice plants in each test area to calculate the thousand grain weight of a rice grain sample; and the yield and gain for each test area were recorded.
TABLE 2 biocontrol effect on rice insect damage by adopting different liquid fertilizers
The incidence rate is the number of diseased plants/total plants multiplied by 100%;
the control rate is (control group incidence rate-test group incidence rate)/control group incidence rate x 100%.
The results in table 2 show that the liquid fertilizer prepared in example 1 of the present invention has good control effects on nematodes, rice borers, and rice planthoppers, the control rate is above 65%, and the use amount of pesticides can be effectively reduced by spraying the liquid fertilizer of example 1 of the present invention.
TABLE 3 influence of different liquid fertilizers on rice yield
| Thousand Kernel weight (g) | Yield (kilogram/mu) | Yield increase (%) | |
| Control group | 23.46±2.17 | 951.63 | - |
| Example 1 | 28.87±1.16 | 1165.15 | 22.44％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 24.57±2.65 | 1030.46 | 8.28％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 23.72±2.04 | 1018.11 | 6.99％ |
Yield increase is (test group yield-control group yield)/control group yield × 100%.
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, compared with comparative examples 1-2, the liquid fertilizer of example 1 of the present invention can not only prevent and control insect pests, but also promote crop growth and achieve a good yield increase effect through the cooperation of the tea seed cake extract and the biological bacteria fermentation broth.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
40-60 parts of tea seed cake extracting solution, 20-40 parts of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid, 2-6 parts of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 0.2-0.8 part of humate, 5-20 parts of thickening agent and 5-20 parts of dispersing agent.
2. The liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and controlling plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the tea seed cake extract is prepared by:
adding the tea seed cake into water, leaching at 60-90 ℃, repeatedly leaching filter residues once, combining leaching liquor obtained in two times, and concentrating to 1/2-1/3 of the original volume;
step two, adding a complex enzyme into the concentrated solution obtained in the step one, and then carrying out enzymolysis at 40-55 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis solution; the complex enzyme consists of cellulase, pectinase and amylase;
and step three, filtering the enzymolysis liquid obtained in the step two at the temperature of 10-30 ℃, adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 6.5-7.0, and then adding acid protease to obtain a tea seed cake extracting solution.
3. The liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and controlling plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the dosage ratio of the tea seed cake to water is 1 g: 50-200 mL.
4. The liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and controlling plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the enzyme activity ratio of the cellulase, the pectinase and the amylase is 1: 0.1 to 0.3: 0.1 to 0.3.
5. The liquid fertilizer for increasing production and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the enzyme activity of the acid protease is 1.0-2.0 x 105U/g, wherein the addition amount of the acid protease accounts for 1.5-3.0% of the mass of the filtrate.
6. The liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and controlling plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the humate is any one or a mixture of humic acid chelated iron, sodium humate, magnesium humate, zinc humate and calcium humate.
7. The liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and controlling plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the thickener is any one of sodium bentonite, diatomite and attapulgite.
8. The liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and controlling plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is one or a mixture of two of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, methylpentanol, tween-80 and sodium lignosulfonate.
9. A method for preparing the liquid fertilizer for increasing yield and controlling plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the weight part ratio of claim 1; adjusting the pH value of the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid to 7.0-8.5, and sterilizing for 10 min;
s2, inoculating a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum into the cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid treated by the S1, and performing shake culture at 25-40 ℃ for 24-36 h to obtain a biological bacterium fermentation liquid;
s3, uniformly mixing the tea seed cake extracting solution with the biological bacterium fermentation liquor of S2, then adding humate, uniformly mixing, then adding a thickening agent and a dispersing agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the liquid fertilizer for increasing the yield and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
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Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102515927A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-06-27 | 周法永 | Drug effect type microbial fertilizer, preparation method thereof and application thereof |
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| CN113860948A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-31 | 华南农业大学 | Water-soluble organic nano suspended silicon liquid fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN102515927A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-06-27 | 周法永 | Drug effect type microbial fertilizer, preparation method thereof and application thereof |
| CN104273176A (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-14 | 华南农业大学 | Plant organic matter-bacillus subtils mixed inoculum and its preparation method and use |
| CN104261988A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-07 | 华南农业大学 | Special suspension liquid compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method of special suspension liquid compound fertilizer |
| CN106866302A (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2017-06-20 | 方志明 | Organic fertilizer and its production method with preventing and treating diseases and pests of agronomic crop |
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| CN113860948A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-31 | 华南农业大学 | Water-soluble organic nano suspended silicon liquid fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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