CN114402889A - 一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术 - Google Patents

一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术 Download PDF

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CN114402889A
CN114402889A CN202111491876.7A CN202111491876A CN114402889A CN 114402889 A CN114402889 A CN 114402889A CN 202111491876 A CN202111491876 A CN 202111491876A CN 114402889 A CN114402889 A CN 114402889A
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罗冬兰
巴良杰
曹森
马超
瞿光凡
孙雁征
羋婷婷
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Guiyang University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，包括以下步骤：对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第一次处理，即喷施复配农药处理；对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第二次处理，即喷施植物生长调节剂；对成熟的蓝莓果实进行采摘；对采摘的蓝莓果实进行预处理，然后将其分装入储存箱中，本发明通过在蓝莓果实采摘前对其进行复配农药喷施以及植物生长调节剂喷施，能够降低蓝莓果实灰霉病发病率，同时通过在蓝莓果实采摘后对其进行梯度降温处理，从而极大的避免了蓝莓果实因受冷害而出现皱缩、腐烂、产生发酵异味等腐败变质现象，并且通过对蓝莓果实进行熏蒸处理，能够降低呼吸代谢，延长贮藏期，保证品质，有利于实际的贮藏与应用。

Description

一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术
技术领域
本发明属于贮藏鲜果保鲜技术领域，具体为一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术。
背景技术
现有生活中，蓝莓果实中含有丰富的营养成分，尤其富含花青素，它不仅具有良好的营养保健作用，还具有防止脑神经老化、强心、抗癌、软化血管、增强人体免疫等功能，蓝莓栽培最早的国家是美国，但至今也不到百年的栽培史，因为其具有较高的保健价值所以风靡世界，是世界粮食及农业组织推荐的五大健康水果之一，灰霉病是露地、保护地作物常见且比较难防治的一种真菌性病害，属低温高湿型病害，病原菌生长温度为20-30℃，温度20-25℃、湿度持续90％以上时为病害高发期。灰霉病由灰葡萄孢菌侵染所致，属真菌病害，花、果、叶、茎均可发病。
而现有技术中种植的蓝莓经常受到灰霉病的侵害，从而导致蓝莓产量降低，影响经济效益，并且现有技术中，在对蓝莓果实进行贮藏保鲜时，常常会因为蓝莓果实受冷害而出现皱缩、腐烂、产生发酵异味等腐败变质现象，不利于实际的贮藏与应用。
发明内容：
本发明的目的就在于为了解决上述问题而提供一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，解决了背景技术中提到的问题。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种技术方案：
一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，包括以下步骤：
S1、对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第一次处理，即喷施复配农药处理；
S2、对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第二次处理，即喷施植物生长调节剂；
S3、对成熟的蓝莓果实进行采摘；
S4、对采摘的蓝莓果实进行预处理，然后将其分装入储存箱中，并将其置于冷库中进行梯度降温处理；
S5、将经过梯度降温处理之后的蓝莓果实置于冷库中，并采用1-MCP与ClO2对其进行复合熏蒸处理；
S6、熏蒸处理完成之后，将其置于1±0.6℃、RH85％的冷库中进行贮藏。
作为优选，所述步骤S1中的摘前喷施复配农药处理的具体操作步骤为：
S11、在蓝莓植株开花之前，对植株中夹杂生长的杂草进行去除；
S12、待到蓝莓植株开花十天后，对其进行第一次复配农药喷施；
S13、待到蓝莓植株开花五十天后，对其进行第二次复配农药喷施；
S14、待到蓝莓植株开花九十天后，对其进行第三次复配农药喷施。
作为优选，所述步骤S1中的复配农药是由50％的啶酰菌胺、25％的啶菌唑与50％的腐霉利进行复配混合而成的。
作为优选，所述步骤S2中喷施植物生长调节剂的时间为蓝莓植株开花九十天后。
作为优选，所述步骤S2中的植物生长调节剂按以下重量份数比制备而成：褪黑素18-25份、芸苔素内酯15-23份、亚精胺12-16份、赤霉酸5-8份、S-诱抗素3-6份。
作为优选，所述步骤S4中对蓝莓果实进行预处理的具体操作步骤为：去除采摘后的机械损伤以及病虫害果实。
作为优选，所述步骤S4中对蓝莓果实进行梯度降温处理的具体操作步骤为：首先将其置于15℃的环境中贮藏1-2天，再将其置于10℃的环境中贮藏3-4天，然后再将其置于8℃的环境中贮藏4-5天，最后将其置于6℃的环境中贮藏5-6天。
作为优选，所述步骤S5中对蓝莓果实进行熏蒸处理时的冷库温度设置为6℃。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过在蓝莓果实采摘前对其进行复配农药喷施以及植物生长调节剂喷施，能够降低蓝莓果实灰霉病发病率，同时通过在蓝莓果实采摘后对其进行梯度降温处理，从而极大的避免了蓝莓果实因受冷害而出现皱缩、腐烂、产生发酵异味等腐败变质现象，并且通过对蓝莓果实进行熏蒸处理，能够降低呼吸代谢，延长贮藏期，保证品质，有利于实际的贮藏与应用。
附图说明：
为了易于说明，本发明由下述的具体实施及附图作以详细描述。
图1是本发明蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术步骤示意图。
具体实施方式：
如图1所示，本具体实施方式采用以下技术方案：
实施例：
一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，包括以下步骤：
S1、对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第一次处理，即喷施复配农药处理；
S2、对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第二次处理，即喷施植物生长调节剂；
S3、对成熟的蓝莓果实进行采摘；
S4、对采摘的蓝莓果实进行预处理，然后将其分装入储存箱中，并将其置于冷库中进行梯度降温处理；
S5、将经过梯度降温处理之后的蓝莓果实置于冷库中，并采用1-MCP与ClO2对其进行复合熏蒸处理；
S6、熏蒸处理完成之后，将其置于1±0.6℃、RH85％的冷库中进行贮藏。
其中，所述步骤S1中的摘前喷施复配农药处理的具体操作步骤为：
S11、在蓝莓植株开花之前，对植株中夹杂生长的杂草进行去除；
S12、待到蓝莓植株开花十天后，对其进行第一次复配农药喷施；
S13、待到蓝莓植株开花五十天后，对其进行第二次复配农药喷施；
S14、待到蓝莓植株开花九十天后，对其进行第三次复配农药喷施。
其中，所述步骤S1中的复配农药是由50％的啶酰菌胺、25％的啶菌唑与50％的腐霉利进行复配混合而成的。
其中，所述步骤S2中喷施植物生长调节剂的时间为蓝莓植株开花九十天后。
其中，所述步骤S2中的植物生长调节剂按以下重量份数比制备而成：褪黑素18-25份、芸苔素内酯15-23份、亚精胺12-16份、赤霉酸5-8份、S-诱抗素3-6份。
其中，所述步骤S4中对蓝莓果实进行预处理的具体操作步骤为：去除采摘后的机械损伤以及病虫害果实。
其中，所述步骤S4中对蓝莓果实进行梯度降温处理的具体操作步骤为：首先将其置于15℃的环境中贮藏1-2天，再将其置于10℃的环境中贮藏3-4天，然后再将其置于8℃的环境中贮藏4-5天，最后将其置于6℃的环境中贮藏5-6天。
其中，所述步骤S5中对蓝莓果实进行熏蒸处理时的冷库温度设置为6℃。
以下通过具体实施例来说明本发明的有益效果：
实施例一、一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，包括以下步骤：
S1、对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第一次处理，即喷施复配农药处理，其中复配农药是由50％的啶酰菌胺、25％的啶菌唑与50％的腐霉利进行复配混合而成的；
S11、在蓝莓植株开花之前，对植株中夹杂生长的杂草进行去除；
S12、待到蓝莓植株开花十天后，对其进行第一次复配农药喷施；
S13、待到蓝莓植株开花五十天后，对其进行第二次复配农药喷施；
S14、待到蓝莓植株开花九十天后，对其进行第三次复配农药喷施；
S2、在蓝莓植株开花九十天后对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第二次处理，即喷施植物生长调节剂；
S3、对成熟的蓝莓果实进行采摘；
S4、对采摘的蓝莓果实进行预处理，去除采摘后的机械损伤以及病虫害果实，然后将其分装入储存箱中，并将其置于冷库中进行梯度降温处理，首先将其置于15℃的环境中贮藏1天，再将其置于10℃的环境中贮藏3天，然后再将其置于8℃的环境中贮藏4天，最后将其置于6℃的环境中贮藏5天；
S5、将经过梯度降温处理之后的蓝莓果实置于冷库中，同时将冷库温度设置为6℃，并采用1-MCP与ClO2对其进行复合熏蒸处理；
S6、熏蒸处理完成之后，将其置于1±0.6℃、RH85％的冷库中进行贮藏50天。
其中，植物生长调节剂按以下重量份数比制备而成：褪黑素18份、芸苔素内酯15份、亚精胺12份、赤霉酸5份、S-诱抗素3份。
Figure BDA0003399685670000051
实施例二、一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，包括以下步骤：
S1、对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第一次处理，即喷施复配农药处理，其中复配农药是由50％的啶酰菌胺、25％的啶菌唑与50％的腐霉利进行复配混合而成的；
S11、在蓝莓植株开花之前，对植株中夹杂生长的杂草进行去除；
S12、待到蓝莓植株开花十天后，对其进行第一次复配农药喷施；
S13、待到蓝莓植株开花五十天后，对其进行第二次复配农药喷施；
S14、待到蓝莓植株开花九十天后，对其进行第三次复配农药喷施；
S2、在蓝莓植株开花九十天后对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第二次处理，即喷施植物生长调节剂；
S3、对成熟的蓝莓果实进行采摘；
S4、对采摘的蓝莓果实进行预处理，去除采摘后的机械损伤以及病虫害果实，然后将其分装入储存箱中，并将其置于冷库中进行梯度降温处理，首先将其置于15℃的环境中贮藏2天，再将其置于10℃的环境中贮藏4天，然后再将其置于8℃的环境中贮藏5天，最后将其置于6℃的环境中贮藏6天；
S5、将经过梯度降温处理之后的蓝莓果实置于冷库中，同时将冷库温度设置为6℃，并采用1-MCP与ClO2对其进行复合熏蒸处理；
S6、熏蒸处理完成之后，将其置于1±0.6℃、RH85％的冷库中进行贮藏50天。
其中，植物生长调节剂按以下重量份数比制备而成：褪黑素25份、芸苔素内酯23份、亚精胺16份、赤霉酸8份、S-诱抗素6份。
Figure BDA0003399685670000061
实施例三、摘取与实施例一、实施例二相同枝干的未经复配农药以及植物生长调节剂喷施处理的蓝莓果实，并将其直接置于6℃低温环境中进行贮藏50天，然后分别对蓝莓果实的失水率、灰霉病发病率以及可食率进行检测。
实施例一、实施例二与实施例三实验结果对照如下表所示：
Figure BDA0003399685670000071
由表中数据可知，实施例一中采用上述方法对蓝莓果实进行低温贮藏50天，其失水率为4％，灰霉病发病率为5％，同时可食率为93％；
实施例二中采用上述方法对蓝莓果实进行低温贮藏50天，其失水率为5％，灰霉病发病率为3％，同时可食率为94％；
实施例三中摘取与实施例一、实施例二相同枝干的未经复配农药以及植物生长调节剂喷施处理的蓝莓果实，并直接将其置于低温环境中进行贮藏50天，其表皮较多部位出现腐烂、皱缩现象，失水率为55％，灰霉病发病率为42％，同时可食率仅为50％。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (8)

1.一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第一次处理，即喷施复配农药处理；
S2、对需要进行采摘的蓝莓进行摘前第二次处理，即喷施植物生长调节剂；
S3、对成熟的蓝莓果实进行采摘；
S4、对采摘的蓝莓果实进行预处理，然后将其分装入储存箱中，并将其置于冷库中进行梯度降温处理；
S5、将经过梯度降温处理之后的蓝莓果实置于冷库中，并采用1-MCP与ClO2对其进行复合熏蒸处理；
S6、熏蒸处理完成之后，将其置于1±0.6℃、RH85％的冷库中进行贮藏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中的摘前喷施复配农药处理的具体操作步骤为：
S11、在蓝莓植株开花之前，对植株中夹杂生长的杂草进行去除；
S12、待到蓝莓植株开花十天后，对其进行第一次复配农药喷施；
S13、待到蓝莓植株开花五十天后，对其进行第二次复配农药喷施；
S14、待到蓝莓植株开花九十天后，对其进行第三次复配农药喷施。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中的复配农药是由50％的啶酰菌胺、25％的啶菌唑与50％的腐霉利进行复配混合而成的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中喷施植物生长调节剂的时间为蓝莓植株开花九十天后。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中的植物生长调节剂按以下重量份数比制备而成：褪黑素18-25份、芸苔素内酯15-23份、亚精胺12-16份、赤霉酸5-8份、S-诱抗素3-6份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中对蓝莓果实进行预处理的具体操作步骤为：去除采摘后的机械损伤以及病虫害果实。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中对蓝莓果实进行梯度降温处理的具体操作步骤为：首先将其置于15℃的环境中贮藏1-2天，再将其置于10℃的环境中贮藏3-4天，然后再将其置于8℃的环境中贮藏4-5天，最后将其置于6℃的环境中贮藏5-6天。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝莓灰霉病防控及采后贮藏鲜果保鲜技术，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中对蓝莓果实进行熏蒸处理时的冷库温度设置为6℃。
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