CN114402841B - Chemical regulation and control method for cotton - Google Patents
Chemical regulation and control method for cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN114402841B CN114402841B CN202210238896.1A CN202210238896A CN114402841B CN 114402841 B CN114402841 B CN 114402841B CN 202210238896 A CN202210238896 A CN 202210238896A CN 114402841 B CN114402841 B CN 114402841B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chemical control method of cotton, which determines the dosage of chemical control agent according to the average main stem internode distance V and the inverted 5 main stem internode distance T of the cotton at different periods; wherein, the average main stem node spacing V = cotton plant height H/main stem node position N. Accurately applying mepiquat chloride according to the length of the distance between the main stem nodes of the cotton in the seedling stage, the bud stage, the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage of the cotton, and controlling the stable growth of the cotton and self-topping. The method has the advantages of simple field data acquisition, easy operation, easy grasp by farmers, strong practicability and convenient popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cotton chemical regulation, in particular to a chemical regulation method of cotton.
Background
China is a big cotton production country and a big consumption country, and cotton production has important significance in agricultural production in China. At present, cotton is the most labor-intensive industry in agricultural production in China, with the leap-type development of economy in China, the labor cost is increased, the cotton production is excessive, the cotton planting benefit is reduced, and the mechanization of the whole cotton production process is the main research direction at present for adapting to the modernized cotton planting. The most important link of cotton mechanization is mechanical harvesting, and the mechanical harvesting needs to shape and top the cotton plant type to promote the cotton to form compact plant type and centralized maturity.
In the conventional cotton production management, chemical control and manual topping are usually performed according to experience and cotton field growth, the plant type is not accurately shaped, the phenomenon of high and large air of cotton plants is common, labor and time are consumed for manual topping, and the efficiency is low. Therefore, the prior art is lack of an accurate chemical control diagnosis technology, and the development process of mechanical cotton picking in China is hindered.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by those skilled in the art is how to provide a method for precisely chemically controlling cotton.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a chemical regulation and control method for cotton, which can realize accurate regulation and control of cotton at different periods by determining the dosage of a chemical control agent based on the distance between main stem nodes and the distance between inverted 5 main stem nodes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a chemical control method of cotton comprises the following steps: determining the dosage of chemical control agent according to the average main stem internode distance V and the inverted 5 main stem internode distance T of cotton at different periods; wherein, the average main stem node spacing V = cotton plant height H/main stem node position N.
As the preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, the different periods are the cotton seedling period, the bud period, the initial flowering period and the full flowering period.
As a preferable technical solution of the above technical solution, the chemical control agent includes: mepiquat chloride mass fraction is 98% mepiquat chloride.
As a preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, in the cotton seedling stage, the chemical regulation and control method comprises the following steps:
1) When V is less than or equal to 2.5cm, no chemical regulation is carried out;
2) When the V is more than 2.5cm, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 0.3-0.5 g/mu.
As the preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, in the bud period of the cotton, chemical regulation and control are carried out 10-14 days after bud emergence, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) When V is less than or equal to 3cm, no chemical regulation is carried out;
2) When V is more than 3cm and less than or equal to 4.5cm and T is less than or equal to 5cm, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 0.8-1.2 g/mu;
3) When V is more than 3cm and less than or equal to 4.5cm, T is more than 5cm, and the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.2-1.6 g/mu;
4) When V is more than 4.5cm and T is less than or equal to 5cm, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-2.4 g/mu;
5) When V is more than 4.5cm and T is more than 5cm, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-3.2 g/mu.
As a preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, chemical regulation and control are carried out when 50% of cotton plants bloom the first flower in the initial flowering period of cotton, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) When V is less than or equal to 4.5cm, no chemical regulation is carried out;
2) When V is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5cm and T is less than or equal to 5.7cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 8-1.2 g/mu; if chemical regulation and control are not carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.2-1.6 g/mu;
3) When V is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5cm and T is more than 5.7cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.2-1.6 g/mu; if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 2.4-3.2 g/mu;
4) When V is more than 5cm and T is less than or equal to 5.7cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-3.2 g/mu; if no chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2-4.8 g/mu;
5) When V is more than 5cm and T is more than 5.7cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2-4.8 g/mu, chemical regulation and control are not carried out in the early stage, and the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 4.8 g/mu.
As the preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, in the full-bloom stage of the cotton, when cotton plants bloom for 2 weeks, chemical regulation and control are carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) When the 4V is less than or equal to 4.5cm, no chemical regulation is carried out;
2) When V is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5.6cm and T is less than or equal to 6.4cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6 g/mu; if no chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 12.4 g/mu;
3) When V is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5.6cm and T is more than 6.4cm, if chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-3.2 g/mu, and if chemical regulation is not carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2 g/mu;
4) When V is more than 5.6cm and T is less than or equal to 6.4cm, if chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 2.4-3.2 g/mu; if no chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2 g/mu;
5) When V is more than 5.6cm and T is more than 6.4cm, if chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2 g/mu; if no chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2-4.8 g/mu.
As a preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, if the cotton has over-vigorous growth, the cotton is sprayed according to the maximum recommended amount.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a method for chemically regulating and controlling topping-free according to the spacing between main stem nodes of cotton. The method has the advantages of simple field data acquisition, easy operation, easy grasp by farmers, strong practicability and convenient popularization and application.
Moreover, the pesticide spraying machine adopts a plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle or a large-scale spraying machine, so that a large amount of manpower is saved, and a mechanized foundation is provided for the application of the technology.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for chemically regulating and controlling the spacing between main stem nodes of cotton, which carries out chemical regulation and control according to the following standards;
example 1
(1) The field is collected and displayed in a machinery-harvesting and displaying field block with the area of 100 mu in 2019, the cotton variety is middle 619, and the chemical regulation and control are carried out, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
a. collecting the height (H) of a cotton plant, the node position (N) of a main stem and the distance between inverted 5 main stem nodes in a field; selecting 5 points in a field, and measuring the average plant height, the main stem node position and the inverted 5 main stem node distance of cotton plants at the 5 points;
b. calculating to obtain an average main stem internode distance V according to a formula V = H/N, wherein the inverted 5 main stem internode distances are represented by T;
c. determining chemical control agent dosage according to VT value at cotton seedling stage (3-5 leaf stage), bud stage (bud 10-14 days), initial flowering stage (50% cotton plants bloom first flower), full flowering stage (flower 2 weeks), and specific method as follows;
(1) Seedling stage, 3-5 leaf stage, V is less than or equal to 2.5cm, and chemical control is not performed; v is larger than 2.5cm, the basic chemical control is carried out, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 0.3-0.5 g/mu, the vigorous seedling is prevented, and the strong seedling and early emergence are realized;
(2) In the bud stage, 10-14 days after bud emergence, V is less than or equal to 3cm, and chemical control is not performed; v is more than 3cm and less than or equal to 4.5cm, T is less than or equal to 5cm, and the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 0.8-1.2 g/mu; v is more than 3cm and less than or equal to 4.5cm, T is more than 5cm, and the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 1.2-1.6 g/mu; v is more than 4.5cm, T is less than or equal to 5cm, and the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-2.4 g/mu; v is more than 4.5cm, T is more than 5cm, and the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-3.2 g/mu; if the cotton is too vigorous, the cotton plants are promoted to stably grow according to the maximum recommended amount, and vigorous seedling is avoided;
(3) In the early flowering stage, 50 percent of cotton plants bloom first flowers, V is less than or equal to 4.5cm, and chemical control is not performed; v is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5cm, T is less than or equal to 5.7cm, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 0.8-1.2 g/mu by chemical control at the early stage, and the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 1.2-1.6 g/mu by chemical control at the early stage; v is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5cm, T is more than 5.7cm, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 1.2-1.6 g/mu by chemical control at the early stage, and the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 2.4-3.2 g/mu by chemical control at the early stage; v is more than 5cm, T is less than or equal to 5.7cm, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is controlled in an early stage and is 1.6-3.2 g/mu, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is not controlled in the early stage and is 3.2-4.8 g/mu; v is more than 5cm, T is more than 5.7cm, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is controlled in an early stage and is 3.2-4.8 g/mu, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is not controlled in the early stage and is 4.8 g/mu; if the cotton is excessively grown, promoting the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of the cotton according to the maximum recommended amount;
(4) In the full-bloom stage, cotton plants bloom for 2 weeks, V is less than or equal to 4.5cm, and chemical control is not performed; v is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5.6cm, T is less than or equal to 6.4cm, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 1.6 g/mu in an early stage by chemical control, and the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 12.4 g/mu in an early stage without chemical control; v is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5.6cm, T is more than 6.4cm, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-3.2 g/mu by chemical control at the early stage, and the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 3.2 g/mu by chemical control at the early stage; v is more than 5.6cm, T is less than or equal to 6.4cm, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is controlled in an early stage and is 2.4-3.2 g/mu, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is not controlled in the early stage and is 3.2 g/mu; v is more than 5.6cm, T is more than 6.4cm, the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 3.2 g/mu in early-stage chemical control, and the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 3.2-4.8 g/mu in early-stage chemical control. If the cotton is too vigorous, the cotton bolls are promoted to mature according to the maximum recommended amount.
In the harvesting period, the plant height is 82cm, the fruit branches are shorter, the node of the first fruit branch is 24cm, boll formation and boll opening are concentrated, boll opening is smooth, and the boll-containing capacity is moderate; the net harvesting rate of the disposable machine is about 90 percent, the impurity rate is 3.5 percent, the field density is 5482 plants/mu, 13.8 peaches are formed in each plant, 7.6 tens of thousands of peaches are formed in each mu, and the seed cotton yield is 323.0 kg/mu. The production is increased by 20 percent by the method of other conventional chemical control and manual topping.
Example 2
In 2020, jingmen city Sanyo county Maliang Zhenghaicun mechanical cotton picking direct sowing machine collects and displays field blocks with the area of 400 mu, cotton varieties are EZ9 and ZT09, chemical regulation and control are carried out according to the method of the embodiment 1, the harvesting period is long, the plant height is 81.5cm, fruit branches are short, the first fruit branch node is 24cm, boll formation and boll opening are centralized, boll opening is smooth, and the boll containing capacity is moderate; the net harvesting rate of the disposable machine is about 90 percent, the trash content is 3.5 percent, the field density is 4800 plants/mu, each plant forms 15.1 peaches, each mu forms 7.2 ten thousand peaches, and the seed cotton yield is 260.9 kg/mu. The early epidemic situation, the seedling stage drought, the plum rain period and the rainfall capacity are large in 2020, the cotton production is influenced by various adverse factors such as the continuous high-temperature drought in 8 months and the low-temperature overcast and rainy in the later stage, the high yield of the seed cotton is still obtained, and the chemical control technology is very practical for cotton management.
Example 3
In 2021, maojia harbor Touchun village machine harvested cotton direct sowing machine collected and displayed field block with area of 50 mu. The cotton variety EZ9 is chemically regulated according to the method in the embodiment 1, the harvest time is 83.6cm, the plant height is shorter, the first fruit branch node is 23.7cm, boll formation and boll opening are centralized, boll opening is smooth, and the boll containing capacity is moderate. The density is 3819 plants/mu, the number of peaches per plant is 18.6, the number of peaches per mu is 7.1 ten thousand, and the seed cotton yield is 255.6 kg/mu. The production is increased by 15 percent with other conventional chemical control and manual topping methods.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed in the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the description of the method part.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. A chemical control method of cotton is characterized in that the dosage of chemical control agent is determined according to the average main stem internode distance V and the inverted 5 main stem internode distance T of the cotton at different periods; wherein, the average main stem node spacing V = cotton plant height H/main stem node position N; the different periods are cotton seedling period, bud period, initial flowering period and full flowering period; mepiquat chloride with the mass fraction of 98 percent;
in the cotton seedling stage, the chemical regulation and control method comprises the following steps:
1) When V is less than or equal to 2.5cm, no chemical regulation is carried out;
2) When V is more than 2.5cm, spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 0.3-0.5 g/mu;
in the bud stage of cotton, 10-14 days after bud emergence, the chemical regulation and control are carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) When V is less than or equal to 3cm, no chemical regulation is carried out;
2) When V is more than 3cm and less than or equal to 4.5cm and T is less than or equal to 5cm, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 0.8-1.2 g/mu;
3) When V is more than 3cm and less than or equal to 4.5cm, T is more than 5cm, and the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.2-1.6 g/mu;
4) When V is more than 4.5cm and T is less than or equal to 5cm, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-2.4 g/mu;
5) When V is more than 4.5cm and T is more than 5cm, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-3.2 g/mu;
in the early flowering period of cotton, when 50% of cotton plants bloom to the first flower, carrying out chemical regulation and control, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) When V is less than or equal to 4.5cm, no chemical regulation is carried out;
2) When V is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5cm and T is less than or equal to 5.7cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 8-1.2 g/mu;
if chemical regulation and control are not carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.2-1.6 g/mu;
3) When V is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5cm and T is more than 5.7cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.2-1.6 g/mu; if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 2.4-3.2 g/mu;
4) When V is more than 5cm and T is less than or equal to 5.7cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-3.2 g/mu; if no chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2-4.8 g/mu;
5) When V is more than 5cm and T is more than 5.7cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2-4.8 g/mu, chemical regulation and control are not carried out in the early stage, and the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 4.8 g/mu;
in the full-bloom stage of cotton, when cotton plants bloom for 2 weeks, chemical regulation and control are carried out, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) When the 4V is less than or equal to 4.5cm, no chemical regulation is carried out;
2) When V is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5.6cm and T is less than or equal to 6.4cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6 g/mu; if no chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 12.4 g/mu;
3) When V is more than 4.5cm and less than or equal to 5.6cm and T is more than 6.4cm, if chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 1.6-3.2 g/mu, and if chemical regulation is not carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2 g/mu;
4) When V is more than 5.6cm and T is less than or equal to 6.4cm, if chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 2.4-3.2 g/mu; if no chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2 g/mu;
5) When V is more than 5.6cm and T is more than 6.4cm, if chemical regulation and control are carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2 g/mu; if no chemical regulation is carried out in the early stage, the spraying amount of mepiquat chloride is 3.2-4.8 g/mu.
2. The chemical regulation method of cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein if the cotton has over-vigorous growth, it is sprayed according to the maximum recommended amount.
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| CN103039152A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-04-17 | 青岛博业棉花研究所 | Chemical full-control method of high-yield and high-quality cotton |
| CN111670774B (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2022-04-19 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Mechanically harvested cotton topping-free cultivation method based on mepiquat chloride and water and fertilizer precise operation and research |
| AU2021104223A4 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-09 | Tarim University | Method for cultivation of high-yield cotton in saline soil |
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