CN114402779A - Citrus variable soil testing and formulated fertilization method for increasing organic fertilizer application and reducing chemical fertilizer - Google Patents
Citrus variable soil testing and formulated fertilization method for increasing organic fertilizer application and reducing chemical fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a citrus variable soil testing and formulated fertilization method for increasing organic fertilizer application and reducing chemical fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements in the soil of the citrus planting field; 2) determining the fertilizer requirement of the citrus plants; 3) calculating the nutrient amount required by the growth of the citrus plants to be obtained from the fertilizer; 4) determining the actual application amount of the organic fertilizer; 5) calculating the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer; 6) determining the application proportion of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer; 7) determining the actual application amount of the base fertilizer; 8) and (5) topdressing and variable fertilizing. Compared with the prior art, the invention improves the soil by the additional application of the organic fertilizer; variable fertilization is carried out according to climate data, so that the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, and non-point source pollution is reduced; according to the characteristic that the special citrus plants have unbalanced fruiting and growth in different years, the base fertilizer and additional fertilizer ratio is adjusted, the tree vigor recovery is promoted, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are balanced, the yield is balanced, and the phenomena in different years are relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fruit tree cultivation production, and relates to a citrus variable soil testing and formulated fertilization method with increased organic fertilizer application and reduced chemical fertilizer application.
Background
The soil testing formula fertilization technology is characterized in that balanced matching of mineral nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is carried out according to nutrient substances required by crops in a growth stage and fertilizer supply performance of a growth environment, so that nutrient elements lacking in soil are supplemented, therefore, the soil nutrient condition is firstly known when soil testing formula fertilization is carried out, and then the proportion of the nutrient elements of the fertilizer, the total application amount and the application period are determined according to a fertilizer requirement rule and a fertilizer effect of the crops.
The soil testing and formulated fertilization technology needs to focus on the research on the interrelation among the land, crops and fertilizers. The application of the technology is that on the planning of fertilizer application, the nutrient condition of soil is firstly known, and the fertilizer is promoted to be absorbed by crops through reasonable proportion, reasonable total amount and reasonable application period, so that the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, and the non-point source pollution is reduced. Through research on the relationship among the land, the fertilizer and the crop nutrition absorption, how well the fertilizer is absorbed by the crops is realized. Meanwhile, environmental pollution can be reduced through reasonable use of the fertilizer, and the purpose of protecting the environment is achieved.
However, at present, China still has more problems in the popularization and application of soil testing formula fertilization, and the problems are mainly reflected in the research, popularization and application of grain crops such as rice, wheat and the like, economic crops, particularly fruit trees; the correlation between soil and plants is emphasized, and the influence of climatic conditions on the growth of crops is ignored. Agricultural production is not only related to soil and crops, but also growth of outdoor crops such as fruit trees and the like is still eaten in the sky, the growth of the crops is closely related to climatic conditions and changes, only the former two are considered on a complete chain of crops, soil and climate by traditional soil testing formula fertilization, and unified coordination research and application of the three are far from sufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the traditional soil testing formula fertilization technology only depends on the mineral nutrient element content of soil, and neglects the climate change which greatly influences the growth of plants; only the application of inorganic nutrient elements is regarded, and the application of beneficial organic fertilizer for improving soil property is not regarded; the citrus variable soil testing formula fertilization method for increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer is provided, the water retention and fertilizer retention and ventilation capacity of the soil are improved by increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer, variable fertilization is performed according to climate data on the basis of the traditional soil testing formula, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, the area source pollution is reduced, the proportion of base fertilizer and additional fertilizer is adjusted according to the characteristic of uneven year-to-year results of citrus plants, the tree vigor recovery is promoted, the nutritional growth and reproductive growth are balanced, the yield is balanced, and the year-to-year phenomenon is slowed down. The invention can improve the production technology of citrus fruits, ensure the supply of citrus agricultural products and the stability of the market, and improve the planting benefit of fruit growers.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements in the soil of the citrus planting field;
2) determining the fertilizer requirement of the citrus plants;
3) calculating the nutrient amount required to be obtained from the fertilizer for the growth of the citrus plants according to the data in the step 1) and the step 2);
4) determining the application amount of the organic fertilizer by adopting the principle of determining the organic fertilizer by nitrogen, adjusting and calculating according to the classification of shortage and abundance of the organic fertilizer according to the national soil nutrient classification standard, and determining the actual application amount of the organic fertilizer;
5) according to the principle of increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of the chemical fertilizer, reducing the application amount of the chemical fertilizer on the basis of increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer according to the data in the step 3) and the step 4), and calculating the actual application amount of the inorganic chemical fertilizer;
6) determining the application proportion of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer according to the fruit yield condition in the last year;
7) determining the actual application amount of the base fertilizer according to the data in the step 5) and the step 6);
8) and performing additional fertilization and variable fertilization according to the effective accumulated temperature of the citrus plant planting field.
Further, in the step 1), the calculation formula of the content of the nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil is as follows:
the soil nitrogen content is the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen measurement value multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the available nutrient coefficient;
the soil phosphorus content is the measured value of soil available phosphorus multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the coefficient of available nutrients;
the soil potassium content is the measured value of soil quick-acting potassium multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the coefficient of available nutrients;
wherein, the units of the soil nitrogen content, the soil phosphorus content and the soil potassium content are all kg/mu, the units of the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen measured value, the soil available phosphorus measured value and the soil available potassium measured value are all mg/kg, and the available nutrient coefficient is determined according to the national soil nutrient classification standard and the condition of abundant soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Further, in the step 2), the formula for calculating the fertilizer demand of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements is as follows:
the nitrogen demand is the nitrogen fertilizer absorption quantity of the target yield multiplied by the unit yield;
the phosphorus demand is equal to the phosphorus absorption fertilizer quantity of the target yield multiplied by the unit yield;
the potassium demand is equal to the target yield multiplied by the potassium fertilizer absorption amount of unit yield;
wherein the nitrogen demand, the phosphorus demand and the potassium demand are all kg/mu.
Further, in the step 3), the nutrient amount required to be obtained from the fertilizer is calculated according to the formula:
the nitrogen quantity required to be obtained from the fertilizer-the nitrogen content of the soil;
the phosphorus amount required to be obtained from the fertilizer is the phosphorus requirement-soil phosphorus content;
the amount of potassium needed to be obtained from the fertilizer-the potassium demand-the soil potassium content.
Further, in the step 4), the calculation formula of the application amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows:
the amount of applied organic fertilizer is the amount of nitrogen supplied to the soil/(nitrogen content in applied organic fertilizer x (1-organic fertilizer utilization rate)).
Further, the actual application amount of the organic fertilizer is 100-125% of the application amount of the organic fertilizer.
Further, in the step 5), the formula for calculating the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer is as follows:
the nitrogen element application amount is the nitrogen amount needed to be obtained from the fertilizer and the application proportion is multiplied;
the application amount of the phosphorus element is the amount of phosphorus required to be obtained from the fertilizer multiplied by the application proportion;
the potassium element application amount is equal to the potassium amount which needs to be obtained from the fertilizer and multiplied by the application proportion;
wherein, the application proportion is 75-100%.
Further, in the step 6), the application ratio of the base fertilizer is 55-65%, and the application ratio of the additional fertilizer is 35-45%.
Further, in the step 7), the actual application amount of the base fertilizer is calculated according to the formula:
the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is equal to the nitrogen element application amount multiplied by the base fertilizer application ratio;
the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is equal to the application amount of the phosphorus element and multiplied by the application proportion of the base fertilizer;
the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is equal to the application amount of the potassium element and multiplied by the application proportion of the base fertilizer.
Further, in step 8), the effective accumulated temperature calculation formula is as follows:
effective accumulated temperature ═ Σ (daily average temperature — effective fertility temperature);
performing topdressing variable fertilization according to comparison of the current year effective accumulated temperature of the citrus plant planting field and data of nearly ten years;
the top dressing was applied 3 times in total.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
(1) promoting the application of organic fertilizer: the improved soil testing formula fertilization technology emphasizes the utilization of organic fertilizers in citrus planting, can improve the soil structure, enhance the soil fertility, maintain the soil activity and improve the quality of citrus.
2) Fertilizer decrement application: on the basis of the original soil testing formula fertilization, the additional application of organic fertilizers is combined, the application of chemical fertilizers is reduced, the non-point source pollution is reduced on the basis of being beneficial to keeping the soil activity, and the planting benefit of the citrus is improved.
3) And (3) base fertilizer topdressing proportion change fertilization: according to the inherent phenomena of growth and fruiting of citrus fruit trees in large and small years, a fertilizing method with variable proportions of base fertilizer and top dressing is adopted, the relationship between the growth of citrus fruits and the growth of branches can be coordinated, the phenomena in large and small years are relieved, and the production and market supply of citrus are stabilized.
4) Topdressing and variable fertilization: on the basis that the traditional soil testing formula fertilization only focuses on the soil background nutrient condition and the plant absorption, the coordination and unification of soil-plant-climate conditions are fully considered, the application amount of the additional fertilizer is adjusted according to the accumulated temperature change of the current year of the growth of fruit trees, the fertilizer is applied in a daily period, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer can be further improved, the non-point source pollution is reduced, and the fertilizer plays a role in promoting the yield and the quality of oranges.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The invention provides a citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer, which comprises the following specific scheme:
first, obtaining soil background value and calculating soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient element content
Through field research, sampling analysis or a national soil information system, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements of the soil of the citrus planting field is obtained, and a planting field soil nutrient condition database is established and used as a basic basis for implementing the citrus production soil testing formula.
The content of soil nutrient elements (kg/mu) is equal to the measured value (background value) of soil (mg/kg). times.0.15. times.effective nutrient coefficient, the effective nutrient coefficient is according to the classification standard of national soil nutrient (table 1), the grade table (table 2) of the effective nutrient coefficient of soil is made, the grade classification is determined according to the background value data of soil nutrient, and the effective nutrient coefficient of soil is determined according to the grade classification.
TABLE 1 national soil nutrient grading Standard
TABLE 2 available nutrient coefficient adjusting table for NPK soil nutrient
II, calculating the fertilizer requirement of the citrus plants
After the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of the soil is determined, the fertilizer requirement of the citrus plants is determined (table 3), and the fertilizer requirement is calculated according to the following formula:
the nitrogen demand (kg/mu) of the crops is equal to the nitrogen fertilizer absorption quantity of the target yield multiplied by the unit yield
The phosphorus requirement (kg/mu) of the crops is equal to the phosphorus fertilizer absorption quantity of the target yield multiplied by the unit yield
The amount of potassium needed by crops (kg/mu) is equal to the target yield multiplied by the amount of potassium absorbed fertilizer per unit yield
TABLE 3 fertilizer uptake per yield for crop citrus plants
Thirdly, the amount of nutrients required to be obtained from the fertilizer for the growth of citrus trees
And after the fertilizer requirement of the crops is obtained through calculation, calculating the application amount of the fertilizer nutrient elements by combining the data of the background value. The calculation formula is as follows:
nitrogen fertilizer application (kg/mu) is the nitrogen demand of crops-nitrogen supply of soil
The amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied (kg/mu) is equal to the amount of phosphorus needed by crops-the amount of phosphorus supplied to soil
Potassium fertilizer application (kg/mu) is equal to crop potassium demand-soil potassium supply
Fourthly, calculation of organic fertilizer application
The principle of fixing the organic fertilizer by nitrogen is adopted, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is determined according to the principle that the residual nitrogen amount of the organic fertilizer is equal to the residual nitrogen amount in the soil in the previous season:
the application amount of the organic fertilizer is the nitrogen supply amount of the soil/(the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is multiplied by (1-the annual utilization efficiency of the organic fertilizer))
After the application amount of the organic fertilizer is determined, the organic matter content of the soil needing to be applied is compared with the national soil organic matter standard, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is adjusted according to the principle of increasing the application of the organic fertilizer (table 4) on the basis of the original calculation according to the comparison result.
Table 4 organic fertilizer application adjusting table
After the foundation and adjustment calculation of the organic fertilizer is completed, the organic fertilizer is completely applied to the orchard soil in a base fertilizer (fruit picking fertilizer) mode.
Fifthly, calculating the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer
The organic fertilizer is applied to improve the granular structure of the soil and the performance of water and fertilizer retention, so that the application amount of the fertilizer can be further reduced on the basis of the application of the organic fertilizer, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, and the non-point source pollution is reduced. According to the application amount of organic fertilizer, the application amount of the fertilizer is proportionally reduced, and the decrement adjustment of the application amount of the fertilizer is carried out according to a fertilizer decrement adjustment table (table 5)
TABLE 5 adjustment table for decreasing fertilizer application
Sixthly, adjusting the ratio of additional fertilizer of base fertilizer
In agricultural production, the application of fertilizers can be divided into base fertilizers and additional fertilizers, particularly in the production of citrus fruit trees, the fertilizers can be divided into base fertilizers (fruit picking fertilizers), the fertilizers are applied after fruit harvest in the current year is finished, and the additional fertilizers are applied for three times, including germination fertilizers, fruit stabilizing fertilizers and fruit strengthening fertilizers, in order to balance the yield, coordinate the relationship between fruit growth and branch growth and slow down the phenomenon of the year and the phenomenon of the year, on the basis of unchanged total fertilizing amount, the proportion of the base fertilizers and the additional fertilizers is adjusted according to the fruit tree yield in the previous year so as to be beneficial to the recovery of the fruit trees and promote the branch growth and flowering and fruiting, and the proportion of the fertilizers applied in the base fertilizers and the additional fertilizers is adjusted, and the specific scheme is shown in the sixth table (taking jinggan honey pomelos as an example)
TABLE 6 base fertilizer topdressing ratio change table
Application of base fertilizer
After the application ratio of the base fertilizer is confirmed, the following steps are carried out
The application amount (kg/mu) of the nitrogen fertilizer of the fruit picking fertilizer is equal to the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer of the chemical fertilizer and the application proportion of the base fertilizer
The application amount (kg/mu) of the fertilizer phosphate fertilizer is equal to the total amount of the fertilizer phosphate fertilizer applied and the application proportion of the base fertilizer
The application amount (kg/mu) of the fruit picking fertilizer potassium fertilizer is equal to the total application amount of the fertilizer potassium fertilizer multiplied by the application proportion of the base fertilizer
After the calculation is finished, the actual application amount of each specific chemical fertilizer is calculated according to the types of the used chemical fertilizers and the fertilizer characteristics thereof (table 7), and the urea, the potassium chloride and the calcium superphosphate are used for supplementing the insufficient nutrient elements which meet the requirements of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by the compound fertilizer (15-15-15).
The calculated organic fertilizer is completely applied to the soil of the orchard in the base fertilizer (fruit picking fertilizer), and the inorganic fertilizer is applied to the soil of the orchard according to the calculated amount of the base fertilizer.
TABLE 7 nutrient content and in-season utilization of applied fertilizers
Eight, top dressing and variable fertilizing
The growth of plants, particularly fruit trees, is closely related to climatic conditions, and accumulated temperature in one area can influence the flowering, fruiting and fruit expansion of oranges, so that the application amount of the additional fertilizer is further adjusted according to the change of effective accumulated temperature on the basis of the traditional soil testing formula fertilization, the coordination and unification of soil, plants and climate can be realized, the application of the fertilizer is further reduced, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, and the quality of fruits can also be improved. Firstly, calculating the effective accumulated temperature of a region, wherein the effective accumulated temperature of the citrus takes 5 ℃ as the effective growth temperature, and the calculation formula of the effective accumulated temperature is as follows:
the effective accumulated temperature ∑ (daily average temperature-effective growth temperature), and if the daily average temperature is lower than the effective growth temperature of 5 ℃, the temperature on the day is not counted as the effective accumulated temperature.
Then establishing an accurate-to-day effective accumulated temperature database of 10 years (from 2010 to 2019) of the citrus planting field, automatically calculating the effective accumulated temperature of the period of the 10 years after inputting the last fertilization time and the date of the planned fertilization in the system, automatically arranging the data of the 10 years according to the sequence from large to small, and then carrying out average calculation on the data of 5 years with higher effective accumulated temperature to obtain MaxEffective accumulated temperatureAverage calculation is carried out on the data of 5 years with lower effective accumulated temperature to obtain MinEffective accumulated temperatureThen the effective accumulated temperature data of this year is compared with MaxEffective accumulated temperatureAnd MinEffective accumulated temperatureIn comparison, variable rate fertilization was carried out according to the protocol of the following table, based on the results of the comparison (Table 8).
TABLE 8 topdressing variable fertilizing table based on effective accumulated temperature
Example 1:
in the orchard for producing jinggang honey pomelos in jinggan mountain city of Jiangxi province, the area of the orchard is 208 mu, the orchard is located in a hilly land and is a hilly orchard, more than 90% of fruit trees are 7 years old, the fruit trees are fruit trees in a full production period, and the average background value of the soil in the orchard is measured through actual measurement: the organic matter content is 32.5g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 112.6mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 90.2mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 21.0mg/kg, the average yield of orchard and jinggang honey pomelos in 2020 is 1363 kg/mu, and the planned yield in 2021 is 1500 kg/mu, so the specific soil testing formula is implemented according to the scheme:
first, the existing reserved nutrients of soil
The soil nitrogen supply (kg/mu) is the soil alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/kg) multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the nutrient effective utilization coefficient (the coefficient is determined according to the grade of the soil background value)
The soil phosphorus supply (kg/mu) is the soil available phosphorus (mg/kg) multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the nutrient effective utilization coefficient (the coefficient is determined according to the grade of the soil background value)
Soil potassium supply (kg/mu) is soil quick-effective potassium (mg/kg) x 0.15 x nutrient effective utilization coefficient (the coefficient is determined according to the grade of soil background value) (Table 2)
The nitrogen content of the orchard soil is 112.6 multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by 0.4 multiplied by 6.8 (kg/mu)
The content of potassium in the orchard soil is 90.2 multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by 0.55 multiplied by 7.4 (kg/mu)
The content of phosphorus in the orchard soil is 21.0 multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by 0.55 multiplied by 1.7 (kg/mu)
Second, the nutrient amount needed by the Jinggang honey pomelo to obtain the target yield
The amount of nitrogen required is 1500 × 1.0 × 0.01 ═ 15 (kg/mu)
The amount of potassium required is 1500 × 1.0 × 0.01 ═ 15 (kg/mu)
The required amount of phosphorus is 1500 × 0.6 × 0.01 ═ 9 (kg/mu)
Thirdly, the amount of nutrients required to be obtained from the fertilizer
According to the one-year growth period of the Jinggang honey pomelos, the nutrient amount required by obtaining the target yield and the existing retained nutrients of the soil are calculated, and the nutrient amount required to be obtained from the fertilizer is calculated as follows:
the amount of nitrogen required to be extracted from the fertilizer is 15-6.8 ═ 8.2 (kg/mu)
The amount of potassium needed to be obtained from the fertilizer is 15-7.4 ═ 7.6 (kg/mu)
The amount of phosphorus required to be obtained from the fertilizer is 9.0-1.7 ═ 7.3 (kg/mu)
Fourth, calculation of organic fertilizer application
The principle of fixing the organic fertilizer by nitrogen is adopted, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is determined according to the principle that the residual nitrogen amount of the organic fertilizer is equal to the residual nitrogen amount of the soil in the previous season, the applied organic fertilizer is a purchased sheep manure fermented commercial organic fertilizer, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the organic fertilizer is 9%, and the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is 3% according to the total amount.
The application amount of the organic fertilizer is equal to the nitrogen content of soil/the nitrogen content in the applied organic fertilizer is equal to 6.8/3.0% × (1-0.45) × 412 (kg/mu)
According to the principle of increasing the application of the organic fertilizer, the application amount of the actual organic fertilizer is determined according to the background organic matter content of the soil and the national soil organic matter classification standard (table 1), the organic matter content of the orchard soil is 32.5g/kg, the organic matter content of the orchard soil is 2 types according to the national soil organic matter classification standard, the organic matter content is rich, and according to the organic fertilizer increasing and applying adjustment table (table 4), the actual organic fertilizer application amount of the orchard is as follows: the actual application amount of the organic fertilizer is 412 multiplied by 1.05 multiplied by 433 (kg/mu).
Five, the application amount of the nutrient elements of the inorganic fertilizer
According to the principle of increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of the chemical fertilizer (table 5), the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 433 kg/mu, and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is adjusted to 80% of a calculated value, so that the actual application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements is as follows:
the actual amount of nitrogen applied was 8.2X 0.8 ═ 6.6 (kg/mu)
The actual amount of potassium applied was 7.6X 0.8 ═ 6.1 (kg/mu)
The actual application amount of phosphorus element is 7.3X 0.8 ═ 5.8 (kg/mu)
Sixthly, application of base fertilizer (fruit picking fertilizer)
The yield of the orchard in the last year is 1363 kg/mu, the base fertilizer is applied according to the variable rate of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer (table 6), the application rate of the base fertilizer is 60 percent, so the application rate of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements of the base fertilizer is as follows:
the application amount of nitrogen element of base fertilizer is 6.6X 0.6 ═ 4.0 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the base fertilizer potassium element is 6.1 multiplied by 0.6 ═ 3.7 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the base fertilizer phosphorus element is 5.8 multiplied by 0.6 ═ 3.5 (kg/mu)
The organic fertilizer 433 kg/mu is completely applied in the base fertilizer (fruit picking fertilizer), the fertilizer adopts compound fertilizer (15-15-15), urea and potassium chloride, and the specific fertilizer application amount is calculated according to the characteristics of the fertilizer (table 7).
The specific fertilizer application is as follows:
compound fertilizer (15-15-15) application rate is 3.5/0.15 x 0.45 ═ 52 (kg/mu)
Urea application rate (4.0-3.5)/0.46 x 0.5 ═ 2.2 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride application rate is (3.7-3.5)/0.6 x 0.5 is 0.7 (kg/mu)
Base fertilizer (fruit picking fertilizer) fertilization table:
and (3) fertilizing date: 11 month and 1 day
Applying a fertilizer:
organic fertilizer 433 kg/mu
52 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (15-15-15)
2.2 kg/mu urea
Potassium chloride 0.7 kg/mu
A fertilizing mode: applying fertilizer to the soil in orchard
Seventh, application of additional fertilizer
1. First time topdressing (sprout fertilizer)
According to the variable fertilization of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer (table 6), the application proportion of the first additional fertilizer (the sprouting fertilizer) is 15 percent at most, the local effective accumulated temperature of 11, 2, 2021, 2, 28 and 2020 is 192.32 ℃, and the average effective accumulated temperature of the local part in the same time period from 2010 to 2019High value is MaxEffective accumulated temperature150.48 ℃, so according to the effective accumulated temperature top dressing variable fertilizing principle (table 8), the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements of the first top dressing (germination fertilizer) is 15%:
the application amount of nitrogen element in sprout fertilizer is 6.6X 0.15 ═ 1.0 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the sprouting fertilizer potassium element is 6.1 multiplied by 0.15 ═ 0.9 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the phosphorus element of the sprout fertilizer is 5.8 multiplied by 0.15 which is 0.9 (kg/mu)
Determining the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements to be applied, selecting a fertilizer, and calculating the specific fertilizer application amount according to the characteristics of the fertilizer (table 7):
compound fertilizer (15-15-15) application rate is 0.9/0.15X 0.45 ═ 13 (kg/mu)
Urea application rate (1.0-0.9)/0.46 x 0.5 ═ 0.4 (kg/mu)
First top dressing (germination fertilizer) fertilization table:
and (3) fertilizing date: 3 month and 1 day
Applying a fertilizer:
compound fertilizer (15-15-15)13 (kg/mu)
Urea 0.4 (kg/mu)
A fertilizing mode: applying fertilizer to the soil in orchard
2. Second time topdressing (fruit fertilizer)
According to the variable fertilization of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer (table 6), the application proportion of the second additional fertilizer (fruit stabilizing fertilizer) is 5 percent at most, the local effective accumulated temperature of 3 and 2 months in 2021 and 5 and 30 months in 2021 is 712.38 ℃, and the average local effective accumulated temperature high value in the same time period from 2010 to 2019 is MaxEffective accumulated temperatureThe temperature is 633.20 ℃, so the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements of the secondary top dressing (fruit stabilizing fertilizer) is 5 percent according to the effective accumulated temperature top dressing variable fertilizing principle (table 8):
the application amount of nitrogen element in fruit stabilizing fertilizer is 6.6X 0.05 ═ 0.3 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the stable fruit fertilizer potassium element is 6.1 multiplied by 0.05 ═ 0.3 (kg/mu)
Application amount of phosphorus element of fruit stabilizing fertilizer 5.8X 0.05 ═ 0.3 (kg/mu)
Determining the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements to be applied, selecting a fertilizer, and calculating the specific fertilizer application amount according to the characteristics of the fertilizer (table 7):
compound fertilizer (15-15-15) application rate is 0.3/0.15 x 0.45 ═ 4.4 (kg/mu)
And (3) secondary topdressing (fruit stabilizing fertilizer) fertilization table:
and (3) fertilizing date: 5 months and 31 days
Applying a fertilizer: compound fertilizer (15-15-15)4.4 (kg/mu)
A fertilizing mode: dissolving with water, and spraying onto foliage with sprayer
3. Topdressing for the third time (fruit fertilizer)
According to the variable fertilization of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer (table 6), the application proportion of the third additional fertilizer (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) is 20 percent at most, the local effective accumulated temperature of 2021 year 6, 1 year 2021, 7, 31 days in 2021 is 1460.03 ℃, and the average local effective accumulated temperature high value in the same time period from 2010 to 2019 is MaxEffective accumulated temperatureThe temperature is 1221.27 ℃, so the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements of the third top dressing (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) is 20 percent according to the effective accumulated temperature top dressing variable fertilization principle (table 8):
the application amount of nitrogen element in fruit-strengthening fertilizer is 6.6X 0.20 ═ 1.3 (kg/mu)
The application amount of potassium element in fruit-strengthening fertilizer is 6.1X 0.20 ═ 1.2 (kg/mu)
The application amount of phosphorus element for fruit-strengthening fertilizer is 5.8X 0.20 ═ 1.2 (kg/mu)
Determining the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements to be applied, selecting a fertilizer, and calculating the specific fertilizer application amount according to the characteristics of the fertilizer (table 7):
compound fertilizer (15-15-15) application rate is 1.2/0.15X 0.45 ═ 17.8 (kg/mu)
The amount of urea applied is (1.3-1.2)/0.46 x 0.5 ═ 0.4 (kg/mu)
The third topdressing (fruit strengthening fertilizer) fertilization table:
and (3) fertilizing date: 7 month and 31 days
Applying a fertilizer:
compound fertilizer (15-15-15)17.8 (kg/mu)
Urea 0.4 (kg/mu)
A fertilizing mode: applying fertilizer to the soil in orchard
Example 2:
an orchard is produced by jinggang honey pomelo in stone bridge town of Yongxin county in Jiangxi province, the area of the orchard is 30 mu, the orchard is located in hilly land and is a hilly orchard, more than 90% of fruit trees are 9 years old, the fruit trees are fruit trees in a full-production period, and the average background value of the soil in the orchard is measured through actual measurement: the organic matter content is 29.0g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 205.4mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 77.6mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 15.0mg/kg, the average yield of the orchard and jinggang honey pomelos in 2020 is 1638 kg/mu, and the planned yield in 2021 is 1600 kg/mu, so the specific soil testing formula is implemented according to the following scheme:
first, the existing reserved nutrients of soil
The soil nitrogen supply (kg/mu) is the soil alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen (ppm) x 0.15 x nutrient effective utilization coefficient (the coefficient is determined according to the grade of the soil background value)
The soil phosphorus supply (kg/mu) is the soil available phosphorus (ppm) x 0.15 x nutrient effective utilization coefficient (the coefficient is determined according to the grade of the soil background value)
Soil potassium supply (kg/mu) soil quick-acting potassium (ppm) x 0.15 x nutrient effective utilization coefficient (the coefficient is determined according to the grade of soil background value) (Table 2)
The nitrogen content of the orchard soil is 205.4 multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by 0.3 multiplied by 9.2 (kg/mu)
The content of potassium in the orchard soil is 77.6 multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by 0.55 multiplied by 6.4 (kg/mu)
The content of phosphorus in the orchard soil is 15.0 multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by 0.65 multiplied by 1.5 (kg/mu)
Secondly, the amount of nutrients needed to obtain the target yield
The amount of nitrogen required is 1600 × 1.0 × 0.01 ═ 16 (kg/mu)
The amount of potassium required is 1600 × 1.0 × 0.01 ═ 16 (kg/mu)
The required amount of phosphorus is 1600 × 0.6 × 0.01 ═ 9.6 (kg/mu)
Thirdly, the amount of nutrients required to be obtained from the fertilizer
According to the one-year growth period of the Jinggang honey pomelos, the nutrient amount required by obtaining the target yield and the existing retained nutrients of the soil are calculated to obtain the nutrient amount required by the fertilizer applied
The amount of nitrogen required to be extracted from the fertilizer 16-9.2 ═ 6.8 (kg/mu)
The amount of potassium needed to be obtained from the fertilizer is 16-6.4 ═ 9.6 (kg/mu)
The amount of phosphorus required to be obtained from the fertilizer is 9.6-1.5 ═ 8.1 (kg/mu)
Fourth, calculation of organic fertilizer application
The principle of fixing the organic fertilizer by nitrogen is adopted, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is determined according to the principle that the residual nitrogen amount of the organic fertilizer is equal to the residual nitrogen amount of the soil in the previous season, the applied organic fertilizer is a purchased sheep manure fermented commercial organic fertilizer, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the organic fertilizer is 9%, and the nitrogen content of the organic fertilizer is 3% according to the total amount.
The application amount of the organic fertilizer is equal to the nitrogen content of soil/the nitrogen content in the applied organic fertilizer is equal to 9.2/3.0% × (1-0.45) ═ 558 (kg/mu)
According to the principle of increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer, the application amount of the actual organic fertilizer is determined according to the background organic matter content of the soil and the national soil organic matter classification standard (table 1), the organic matter content of the orchard soil is 29.0g/kg, the organic matter content of the orchard soil is 3 types according to the national soil organic matter classification standard, the organic matter content is medium, according to the organic fertilizer increasing and applying adjustment table (table 4), the actual organic fertilizer application amount of the orchard is as follows: the actual application amount of the organic fertilizer is 558X 1.10 to 613 (kg/mu).
Five, the application amount of the nutrient elements of the inorganic fertilizer
According to the principle of increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of the chemical fertilizer (table 5), the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 613 kg/mu, and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is adjusted to 75% of a calculated value, so that the actual application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements is as follows:
the actual amount of nitrogen applied was 6.8X 0.75 ═ 5.1 (kg/mu)
The actual amount of potassium applied was 9.6X 0.75 ═ 7.2 (kg/mu)
The actual application amount of phosphorus element 8.1 × 0.75 ═ 6.1 (kg/mu)
Sixthly, application of base fertilizer (fruit picking fertilizer)
The yield of the orchard in the last year is 1638 (kg/mu), the base fertilizer is applied according to the variable rate of the base fertilizer and the top dressing (table 6), the application proportion of the base fertilizer is 65%, so the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements of the base fertilizer is as follows:
the application amount of nitrogen element in fruit picking fertilizer is 5.1X 0.65 ═ 3.3 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the potassium element in the fruit picking fertilizer is 7.2 multiplied by 0.65 ═ 4.7 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the phosphorus element of the fruit picking fertilizer is 6.1 multiplied by 0.65 to 4.0 (kg/mu)
Determining the amount of NPK nutrient elements to be applied, selecting fertilizer, and calculating the specific fertilizer application amount according to the characteristics of the fertilizer (Table 7)
Compound fertilizer (15-15-15) application rate is 3.3/0.15 x 0.45 ═ 48.9 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride application rate is (4.7-3.3)/0.6 x 0.5 is 4.7 (kg/mu)
The application amount of calcium superphosphate is (4.0-3.3)/0.27X 0.25 is 10.4 (kg/mu)
Base fertilizer (fruit picking fertilizer) fertilization table:
and (3) fertilizing date: 11 month and 1 day
The fertilizer types are as follows:
organic fertilizer 613 (kg/mu)
Compound fertilizer (15-15-15)48.9 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride 4.7 (kg/mu)
Calcium superphosphate 10.4 (kg/mu)
A fertilizing mode: applying fertilizer to the soil in orchard
Seventh, application of additional fertilizer
1. First time topdressing (sprout fertilizer)
According to the variable fertilization of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer (table 6), the application proportion of the first additional fertilizer (the sprouting fertilizer) is 15 percent at most, the local effective accumulated temperature in 11, 2, 2020, 2021, 2, 28 and 28 is 192.32 ℃, and the average high value of the local effective accumulated temperature in the same time period from 2010 to 2019 is MaxEffective accumulated temperature150.48 ℃, so according to the effective accumulated temperature top dressing variable fertilization principle (table 8), the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements of the first top dressing (germination fertilizer) is 15%:
the application amount of nitrogen element in sprout fertilizer is 5.1X 0.15 ═ 0.8 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the sprouting fertilizer potassium element is 7.2 multiplied by 0.15 which is 1.1 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the phosphorus element of the sprout fertilizer is 6.1 multiplied by 0.15 which is 0.9 (kg/mu)
Determining the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements to be applied, selecting a fertilizer, and calculating the specific fertilizer application amount according to the characteristics of the fertilizer (table 8):
compound fertilizer (15-15-15) application rate is 0.8/0.15X 0.45 ═ 11.9 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride application rate is (1.1-0.8)/0.6 x 0.5 is 1.0 (kg/mu)
Calcium superphosphate is applied in the amount of (1.1-0.9)/0.27X 0.25 ═ 3.0 (kg/mu)
First top dressing (germination fertilizer) fertilization table:
and (3) fertilizing date: 3 month and 1 day
The fertilizer types are as follows:
compound fertilizer (15-15-15)11.9 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride 1.0 (kg/mu)
Calcium superphosphate 3.0 (kg/mu)
A fertilizing mode: applying fertilizer to the soil in orchard
2. Second time topdressing (fruit fertilizer)
According to the variable fertilization of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer (table 6), the application proportion of the second additional fertilizer (fruit stabilizing fertilizer) is 5 percent at most, the local effective accumulated temperature of 3 and 2 months in 2021 and 5 and 30 months in 2021 is 712.38 ℃, and the average local effective accumulated temperature high value in the same time period from 2010 to 2019 is MaxEffective accumulated temperatureThe temperature is 633.20 ℃, so the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements of the secondary top dressing (fruit stabilizing fertilizer) is 5 percent according to the effective accumulated temperature top dressing variable fertilizing principle (table 8):
application amount of nitrogen element in fruit stabilizing fertilizer 5.1 × 0.05 ═ 0.3 (kg/mu)
Application amount of stable fruit fertilizer potassium element 7.2 x 0.05 ═ 0.4 (kg/mu)
The application amount of the phosphorus element of the fruit stabilizing fertilizer is 6.1 multiplied by 0.05 ═ 0.3 (kg/mu)
Determining the amount of NPK nutrient elements to be applied, selecting fertilizer, and calculating the specific fertilizer application amount according to the characteristics of the fertilizer (Table 8)
Compound fertilizer (15-15-15) application rate is 0.3/0.15 x 0.45 ═ 4.4 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride application rate is (0.4-0.3)/0.6 x 0.5 is 0.3 (kg/mu)
And (3) secondary topdressing (fruit stabilizing fertilizer) fertilization table:
and (3) fertilizing date: 5 months and 31 days
The fertilizer types are as follows:
compound fertilizer (15-15-15)4.4 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride 0.3 (kg/mu)
A fertilizing mode: dissolving in water, and spraying with sprayer
3. Topdressing for the third time (fruit fertilizer)
According to the variable fertilization of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer (table 6), the application proportion of the third additional fertilizer (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) is 15 percent at most, the local effective accumulated temperature of 2021 year 6, 1 year 2021, 7, 31 days in 2021 is 1460.03 ℃, and the average local effective accumulated temperature high value in the same time period from 2010 to 2019 is MaxEffective accumulated temperatureThe temperature is 1221.27 ℃, so the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements of the third top dressing (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) is 15 percent according to the effective accumulated temperature top dressing variable fertilization principle (table 8):
the application amount of nitrogen element in fruit-strengthening fertilizer is 5.1X 0.15 ═ 0.8 (kg/mu)
The application amount of potassium element in fruit-strengthening fertilizer is 7.2X 0.15 ═ 1.1 (kg/mu)
The application amount of phosphorus element for fruit-strengthening fertilizer is 6.1X 0.15 ═ 0.9 (kg/mu)
Determining the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements to be applied, selecting a fertilizer, and calculating the specific fertilizer application amount according to the characteristics of the fertilizer (table 7):
compound fertilizer (15-15-15) application rate is 0.8/0.15X 0.45 ═ 11.9 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride application rate is (1.1-0.8)/0.6 x 0.5 is 1.0 (kg/mu)
Calcium superphosphate is applied in the amount of (0.9-0.8)/0.27X 0.25 ═ 1.5 (kg/mu)
The third topdressing (fruit strengthening fertilizer) fertilization table:
and (3) fertilizing date: 7 month and 31 days
The fertilizer types are as follows:
compound fertilizer (15-15-15)11.9 (kg/mu)
Potassium chloride 1.0 (kg/mu)
Calcium superphosphate 1.5 (kg/mu)
A fertilizing mode: and (5) applying the fertilizer to the soil in the orchard.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements in the soil of the citrus planting field;
2) determining the fertilizer requirement of the citrus plants;
3) calculating the nutrient amount required to be obtained from the fertilizer for the growth of the citrus plants according to the data in the step 1) and the step 2);
4) determining the application amount of the organic fertilizer by adopting the principle of determining the organic fertilizer by nitrogen, adjusting and calculating according to the classification of shortage and abundance of the organic fertilizer according to the national soil nutrient classification standard, and determining the actual application amount of the organic fertilizer;
5) calculating the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer according to the principles of increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of the fertilizer and the data in the steps 3) and 4);
6) determining the application proportion of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer according to the yield condition of the previous year;
7) determining the actual application amount of the base fertilizer according to the data in the step 5) and the step 6);
8) and performing additional fertilization and variable fertilization according to the effective accumulated temperature of the citrus plant planting field.
2. The citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer quantity according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 1), the calculation formula of the content of the nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil is as follows:
the soil nitrogen content is the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen measurement value multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the available nutrient coefficient;
the soil phosphorus content is the measured value of soil available phosphorus multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the coefficient of available nutrients;
the soil potassium content is the measured value of soil quick-acting potassium multiplied by 0.15 multiplied by the coefficient of available nutrients;
wherein, the units of the soil nitrogen content, the soil phosphorus content and the soil potassium content are all kg/mu, the units of the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen measured value, the soil available phosphorus measured value and the soil available potassium measured value are all mg/kg, and the available nutrient coefficient is determined according to the national soil nutrient classification standard and the condition of abundant soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
3. The citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilization method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer quantity according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the calculation formula of the fertilizer demand of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements is as follows:
the nitrogen demand is the nitrogen fertilizer absorption quantity of the target yield multiplied by the unit yield;
the phosphorus demand is equal to the phosphorus absorption fertilizer quantity of the target yield multiplied by the unit yield;
the potassium demand is equal to the target yield multiplied by the potassium fertilizer absorption amount of unit yield;
wherein the nitrogen demand, the phosphorus demand and the potassium demand are all kg/mu.
4. The citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer quantity according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the calculation formula of the nutrient quantity required to be obtained from the fertilizer is as follows:
the nitrogen quantity required to be obtained from the fertilizer-the nitrogen content of the soil;
the phosphorus amount required to be obtained from the fertilizer is the phosphorus requirement-soil phosphorus content;
the amount of potassium needed to be obtained from the fertilizer-the potassium demand-the soil potassium content.
5. The citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer quantity according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 4), the calculation formula of the application amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows:
the amount of applied organic fertilizer is the amount of nitrogen supplied to the soil/(nitrogen content in applied organic fertilizer x (1-organic fertilizer utilization rate)).
6. The citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer quantity as claimed in claim 5, wherein the actual application amount of organic fertilizer is 100% -125% of the calculated application amount of organic fertilizer.
7. The citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer quantity according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 5), the application amount calculation formula of the inorganic fertilizer is as follows:
the nitrogen element application amount is the nitrogen amount needed to be obtained from the fertilizer and the application proportion is multiplied;
the application amount of the phosphorus element is the amount of phosphorus required to be obtained from the fertilizer multiplied by the application proportion;
the potassium element application amount is equal to the potassium amount which needs to be obtained from the fertilizer and multiplied by the application proportion;
wherein, according to the principle of increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of the fertilizer, the actual fertilizer application amount is 75-100% of the calculated application amount.
8. The citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilization method for increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer amount of the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the base fertilizer application ratio is 55% -65%, and the additional fertilizer application ratio is 35% -45%.
9. The citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer quantity according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 7), the actual application amount calculation formula of the base fertilizer is as follows:
the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is equal to the nitrogen element application amount multiplied by the base fertilizer application ratio;
the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer is equal to the application amount of the phosphorus element and multiplied by the application proportion of the base fertilizer;
the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is equal to the application amount of the potassium element and multiplied by the application proportion of the base fertilizer.
10. The citrus variable soil testing and formula fertilizing method for increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the fertilizer quantity according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8), the effective accumulated temperature calculation formula is as follows:
effective accumulated temperature ═ Σ (daily average temperature — effective fertility temperature);
performing topdressing variable fertilization according to comparison of the current year effective accumulated temperature of the citrus plant planting field and data of nearly ten years;
the top dressing was carried out 3 times in total.
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